INDEX

Note: Page numbers followed by f indicate a figure on the corresponding page.

• abolitionist movement, 17, 178
• Academy of Management Journal, 132
• acceptance orientation, 148
• adaptation orientation, 115, 148
• Adidas X Ivy Park collection, 118
• Advancing Equity for Women and Girls of Color, 173
• affirmative action, 16–17, 18, 20–21, 26
• Affordable Care Act, 85–86
• African American Policy Forum, 113
• Afro hair style, 20, 118, 121, 191
• aging rates and racism, 75, 172
• Alexander, Michelle, 36, 66
• allostatic load, 75
• allyship, xiv, 131, 183, 184f, 189
• American Association of Pediatrics, 89
• American Journal of Public Health, 86
• American Medical Association, 82
• America’s Got Talent, 118
• Anderson, Carol, 30
• Anderson, Kami, 131
• anger response to racism, 80, 92, 156, 191
• “angry Black woman” stereotype, 79, 122–123
• anti-Black racism, 26, 31, 110, 189. See also racist/racism
• antigay sentiments, 99
• antilynching legislation, 65
• antiracist/antiracism, 35–36, 38, 182–183
• anti-Semitism, 37
• apartheid in South Africa, 41, 61, 178–179
• AP courses, 165
• Arbery, Ahmaud, x, xi, 1, 77, 114
• arrests in school, 62
• Ascend organization, 56
• Asian: diversity committee fatigue, 128
  • in government, 58
  • multicultural summit attendance, 24
  • racial identity, 25, 34
  • workplace discrimination, 24, 50f, 53f, 57, 124
• assaults, 66, 125–126, 129. See also microaggressions/aggressions
• asthma concerns, 71, 72, 172
• Atlantic, 37, 80–81
• Auburn University, 74–75
• Aunt Jemima mammy imagery, 116

• Baldwin, James, 7–8, 28, 46f, 55
• bank loan inequity, 52–54, 181, 185–186
• “barbershop therapy,” 154
• Bassett, Angela, 117
• beauty, Eurocentric concept of, 116
• Bell, Ella Edmonson, 129
• belonging experiences, 32, 130, 190
• Ben & Jerry’s ice cream, 183
• Bent-Goodley, Tricia B., 115
• Berry, Halle, 117, 142
• Between the World and Me (Coates), 170
• Beyoncé (singer), 118
• The Birth of a Nation (Griffith), 142, 150
• Black, Indigenous, and other people of color (BIPOC), xiv–xv, 130, 144, 181–182, 186
• Black boys stereotype, 163
• Blackburn Center, 114
• Black children’s fatigue: healthcare disparities, 171–172
  • internalized oppression, 167–168
  • personal narratives, 161–164
  • school limitations, 164–166
  • structural racism, 168–169, 171
  • systematic help for, 172–175
  • talking about racism, 169–171
• Blackface, 190
• Black fatigue: chief counselors and consolers fatigue, 127
  • collective action: against, 185–186
  • defined, 1, 33
  • of disabled persons, 105–106
  • diversity committee fatigue, 128
  • introduction to, 1–8, 5f
  • LGBTQ community, 96–101
  • parental status, 103–105
  • reimagining justice, 188–192
  • tokenism and, 18, 20, 26, 75, 128, 147, 190
• Black fatigue personal narrative: early years of, 11–18
  • introduction to, 11
  • marginalized identities, 96–99
  • quality of life concerns, 21–23
  • summary of, 25–26
  • in workplace, 18–21, 24–25
• Black Girls Are Magic movement, 133–134
• Black history, 15, 17, 91
• Black Lives Matter Global Network, xiii
• Black Lives Matter movement: as decolonization, 44–45
  • formation of, xiii, 177
  • impact of, 8, 179–180, 183
  • importance of, 192
  • power brokers, 183–184
  • protests against racism, 26, 29, 31, 56, 70, 75, 114, 147
• Black men’s fatigue: “barbershop therapy,” 154
  • “blame a Black man” syndrome, 149–150
  • on guard in workplace, 146–147
  • height discrimination, 143–144, 191
  • “I can’t breathe” metaphor, 148–149
  • introduction to, 137
  • Man Up Man Down research program, 153–154, 156
  • mass incarceration, 36, 151–153
  • need for respect, 155–156
  • nice vs. scary, 141–143
  • patriarchy and, 156–157
  • personal workplace narratives, 138–140
  • skin-tone discrimination, 144–146, 145f
  • summary of, 158–159
  • tokenizing and silencing of, 147
  • ‘us and them’ existence, 147–148
• Black-owned businesses, 132, 179–181
• Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, xiii–xiv, 65
• Black professionals in the workplace, 20, 24–25, 127
• Black Reconstruction in America (Du Bois), 30–31
• Black Santa Claus, 141–142
• Blacks killed by police, 64–65. See also police brutality
• Black Student Union, 17
• Black tax, 50, 188
• Black women’s fatigue: Aunt Jemima mammy imagery, 116
  • Black women’s relationship with, 131–133
  • body image and, 116–119
  • discrimination concerns, 55–56
  • domestic violence, 114–115, 158
  • health impact of racism, 81, 83
  • hypersexualized Black woman stereotype, 116–117, 142
  • impact of faith on, 115–116
  • introduction to, 109–110
  • misogyny, 156–158
  • SayHerName movement, 113–114
  • Sister Marjorie narrative, 110–113
  • summary of, 134
  • white women’s relationship with, 128–131
  • in workplace, 119–133
• Black Women’s Health Project, 115
• “blame a Black man” syndrome, 149–150
• Bland, Sandra, 3, 77
• body image of Black women, 116–119
• body shaming, 117
• Booker, Cory, 65
• Born Leaders United, 144
• Bowling Green State University, 77
• Boys and Men of Color initiative, 173
• Braden, Ann, 176
• Brown, John, 178
• Brown, Michael, xi, 29, 76
• Brown v. Board of Education (1954), 12, 47, 60
• Bryant, Kobe, 157
• Bumpurs, Eleanor, 77
• Bureau of Justice Statistics, 65
• Burke, Tarana, 134
• Butler, Jaylan, 79

• Canada, racism in, 13–15
• Cargle, Rachel Elizabeth, 129–130
• Carter, Robert, 80
• Carter, Ruth, 134
• Castile, Philando, xi, 77, 149
• Catalyst, 123, 124
• Census Bureau, 152
• Center for Investigative Reporting, 53
• Center for Talent Innovation, 24, 56, 122
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 72
• Chauvin, Derek, x
• chief counselors and consolers fatigue, 127
• chief diversity officer (CDO), 42–43
• Child Care and Development Block Grant, 104
• childhood obesity rates, 84–85
• Children’s Defense Fund, 172
• chokehold bans, 6, 184
• Christian faith, 90–91
• chronic stress from racism, 5, 73–76
• civil rights: activists/groups, 69, 87, 108, 142, 176
  • funding for organizations, 180
  • Niagara Movement, 15
  • in 1960s, xiii, 16
  • Saugeen First Nation of Indians, 14
• Civil Rights Act (1964), 18, 47–48, 55, 100
• Clark, Adrienne, 170–171
• Clark, Kenneth, 167–168
• Clark, Mamie, 167–168
• Clark, Stephon, 93
• Clinton, Hillary, 129, 144
• clothing choices (hoodies), 144, 145f, 192
• Coates, Ta-Nehisi, 170
• code switching, 146
• cognitive dissonance, 137, 146
• collective action: by Black and white people, 186–187
  • by Black people, 185–186
  • collective responsibility and, 159
  • introduction to, 177–178
  • by white people, 178–185, 184f
• color blindness, 40, 148, 192
• colorism, 119
• Columbia Law School, 101
• Columbia University, 37
• Commonwealth Fund, 85
• communication cues, 126
• Community Reinvestment Act (1977), 54
• Confess Project, 154
• Cooper, Amy, xi–xii, 129, 150
• Cooper, Chris, xi–xii, 129, 150
• Copeland, Misty, 117
• Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations, 118
• coronary artery disease, 21–22
• corporate diversity, 32
• COVID-19 outbreak impact, ix–x, xii, 47, 70, 138, 152
• crab-in-the-barrel syndrome, 132–133
• Crass, Chris, 178
• Crenshaw, Kimberlé, 101, 113–114, 157
• criminal justice discrimination, 64–67
• criminal justice reform, 180–181
• cross-race dialogue skills, 187
• CROWN Act, 3–4, 118, 191
• crying behavior, 12, 70, 169, 190
• cultural audit needs, 181–182
• cultural competence, 49, 89–90, 147–148, 233

• Davis, Angela, 192
• Day-to-Day Experiences of Emotional Tax among Women and Men of Color in the Workplace report, 123–124
• DeAngelo, Robin, 130
• decolonization, 32, 44–45
• deficit narratives, 185
• DeGruy, Joy, 80, 115, 132–133, 156
• denial of racism, 31, 33, 39, 67, 147, 171
• depression concerns, 72, 80, 104, 154, 156, 171–172
• DeSantis, Ron, 59
• destigmatization of Black people, 66, 144
• DeVos, Betsy, 63
• Diallo, Amadou, 65
• DiAngelo, Robin, 7, 184–185
• disability concerns, 105–106
• discomfort excuse against racism, 184–185, 191
• discrimination: Black women and, 55–56
  • chronic stress and, 73–75
  • colorism, 119
  • employment discrimination, 50–51
  • experiences in workplace, 121–127
  • gender identity and, 102
  • in hiring practices, 47–48
  • medical experimentation discrimination, 88
  • minimum wage discrimination, 120–121
  • in mortgage lending, 53–54
  • oppression and, 42
  • skin-tone discrimination, 144–146, 145f
  • in unions, 15
• distrust of medical professionals, 86–88
• diversity: capitalistic mind-set of, 40
  • corporate diversity, 32
  • defined, 32
  • oppression and, 42
  • penalized for advocating for, 132
• diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), 7, 32, 44, 45–46, 92
• diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice (DEIJ), 7, 32, 33, 44, 46
• diversity committee fatigue, 128
• domestic violence, 5, 114–115, 158, 171
• dominant groups, 30, 33–37, 41, 123, 146
• Douglass, Frederick, 17, 160
• “drapetomania” (“runaway slave syndrome”), 87
• Du Bois, W.E.B., 15, 30–31
• Duke University, 142, 161
• DuVernay, Ava, 134

• Eastman Kodak Company, 18
• economic inequities, 52, 174
• economic parity, 188
• Economic Policy Institute, 55, 119
• Edelman, Marian Wright, 172–173
• educational attainment discrimination, 49–50, 60–64
• Efficacy Institute, 167
• elected officials, 58
• Ellison, Ralph, 136, 137, 155
• Emery, Crystal, 96, 105–106
• emotional health, 92
• emotions, expressions of, 122–123
• employment discrimination, 50–51
• Enforcement Acts (1870–1871), 58
• Engaging in Bold, Inclusive Conversations trainings, 101
• Environmental Protection Agency’s National Center for Environmental Assessment, 85
• environmental racism, 63, 84–85, 172
• Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 53, 56
• Equal Opportunity Program, 16
• equity vs. equality, 34–35, 35f
• essential vs. sacrificial worker, 190
• Eurocentric concept of beauty, 116
• eviction proceedings, 103–104
• excess deaths, 72
• Executive Order (11246), 18
• Executive Parity Index (EPI), 56–57
• experimentation on Black people, 87, 153
• explicit bias, 81–84
• expulsion from school, 165

• fact/fiction tests, 48
• Fair Housing Act (1968), 48, 53
• faith of Black women, 115–116
• Families USA, 71
• Family Dollar, 174
• fear in marginalized people, 101
• feminism, 22, 101, 130, 131, 192
• Fifteenth Amendment, 48, 58
• financial literacy, 52
• The Fire Next Time (Baldwin), 8
• First Amendment, 190
• First Century Foundation, 159
• Fleming, Crystal, 38
• Floyd, George, x–xi, 1, 3, 77, 114, 148, 177, 180, 183
• Fortune 500 organizations, 42–43
• Fourteenth Amendment, 58
• Frey, Shelly, 77
• From Sabotage to Support: A New Vision for Feminist Solidarity in the Workplace (Wiggins, Anderson), 131

• Garner, Eric, xi, 3, 77, 148
• Garrison, William Lloyd, 178
• Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., 157
• Gatwech, Nyakim, 119
• gender differences, 50, 119–120, 153
• genderqueer, defined, 102
• Generation Z (1997–2012), xiii, 26
• genocide, 42, 153
• gentrification, 53–55
• Georgetown University, 179
• Georgia State University, 74–75
• gifted/talented programs, 165–166
• Grace, Nancy, 113
• Griffith, D.W., 142
• group exonerations, 66
• Guardian, 38

• Hamer, Fannie Lou, 69
• harassment, 20, 42, 100
• Hardiman, Rita, 42
• Harewood, Terrence, 141
• Harper’s Bazaar, 130
• Harris, Brittany J., 122–123
• Harris, Kamala, 65
• Harvard Business Review, 153
• Harvard University, 77–78, 157, 163
• hate groups, 40
• Head Start, 104, 173
• healing/resilience techniques, 93–94
• health food access needs, 174
• health/healthcare racism: asthma concerns, 71, 72, 172
  • Black children’s fatigue, 171–172
  • chronic stress, 6, 73–76
  • coronary artery disease, 21–22
  • COVID-19 impact, ix–x, xii, 47, 70
  • disparities in healthcare, 81–84
  • distrust of medical professionals, 86–88
  • environmental racism, 63, 84–85
  • faith and belief in God, 90–91
  • healing/resilience techniques and, 93–94
  • heart disease, 4, 22, 71, 82–83, 85, 153, 171
  • impact on Black people, 4–6, 48–49, 68f, 70–72, 73f, 110, 153–154
  • implicit and explicit bias, 81–84
  • intergenerational trauma from, 80–81
  • intrapersonal-/interpersonal-level solutions to, 90–94, 94f
  • introduction to, 69–70
  • mastectomy disparities, 83
  • mental health disparities, 69, 73, 83, 86–87, 104, 154
  • narrative reframing techniques, 94, 94f
  • obesity concerns, 4, 172
  • place-based fear, 76–79
  • prostate cancer, 153
  • quality care access disparities, 85–86
  • self-care and, 70, 91–93, 135, 186
  • suicide concerns, 72, 172
  • summary of, 95
  • systems-level solutions to, 89–90
• heart disease disparities, 4, 22, 71, 82–83, 85, 153, 171
• Heckman, David, 132
• height discrimination of Black men, 143–144, 191
• HeLa cell line, 88
• heterosexual privileges, 40, 100–101
• “high-potential” employees, 19
• hip-hop music, 157
• Hispanics: employment discrimination, 57
  • environmental racism, 84–85
  • in government, 58
  • healthcare disparities, 82–83, 85–86
  • incarceration rates, 65
  • life expectancy rates, 72, 73f
  • racial identity, 34
  • same-sex marriage and, 99
  • school-related arrests, 165
  • socioeconomic inequality, 49, 50f, 51f, 52f, 53f
  • voter suppression, 59
  • women–owned businesses, 125
• The History of White People (Painter), 31
• home ownership discrepancies, 53–55, 53f
• Home Owners’ Loan Corporation, 54
• homicide deaths, 153
• homosexuality. See LGBTQ community of Black people
• hoodie stereotype, 144, 145f, 192
• Hope Draped in Black: Race, Melancholy, and the Agony of Progress (Winters), 142
• household median income, 49–50, 50f
• Howard, Jeff, 167
• Howard University, 115
• How to Be an Anti-racist (Kendi), 38, 182
• How to Be Less Stupid about Race (Fleming), 38
• Humanize My Hoodie movement, 144, 145f
• Human Rights Campaign, 102–103
• Husted v. A. Philip Randolph Institute (2018), 60
• hypersexualized Black woman stereotype, 116–117, 142

• “I can’t breathe” metaphor, 148–149
• Ifill, Gwen, 113
• ignorance. See sublime ignorance
• The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks (Skloot), 88
• Implicit Association Test, 84
• implicit bias, 81–84, 89, 151, 163
• Inc. magazine, 125
• incarceration rates, 36, 65–66, 110, 151–152
• inclusion/inclusive environments: creation of, 42, 90, 101
  • defined, 32, 35
  • lack in workplace, 24, 31–32, 127, 190
  • lack of progress toward, xiv, 3, 127, 140
  • in leadership roles, 55, 181
  • training for, 89–90, 92, 133, 187
• Inclusion Solution blog, 93–94
• income inequality: of Black women, 119–120
  • household median income, 49–50, 50f
  • low-income people, 103–105
  • minimum wage discrimination, 120–121
• indigenous people as subordinated group, 41
• Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 61
• The Inner Work of Racial Justice: Healing Ourselves and Transforming Our Communities through Mindfulness (Magee), 91–92
• innocent defendants wrongfully convicted, 66
• Institute of Medicine, 81
• institutional racism, 6, 11
• insults, 126. See also microaggressions/aggressions
• Intercultural Development Inventory, 147–148
• intergenerational denigration, 155–156
• intergenerational racism, 2, 4, 69, 91
• intergenerational trauma, 80–81, 131
• internalized oppression, 123, 131–132, 167–168
• internalized racism, 6, 36
• interpersonal racism, 6, 11
• intersectionality, 101, 107, 109, 114
• intragroup racism, 37–38, 99, 118–119
• intrapersonal racism, 11
• invalidations, 126, 140, 146. See also microaggressions/aggressions
• Invisible Man (Ellison), 136, 137, 155
• ‘-ism vortex,’ 96, 105–106

• Jackson, Bailey, 42
• JAMA Internal Medicine, 82
• Japanese internees during World War II, 179
• Jarrett, Valerie, 117
• Jean, Botham, xi, 77
• Jemison, Mae, 134
• Johnson, Jeff, 154–155
• Johnson, Matthew, xiv
• Johnson, Sheila, 134
• Jones, Nikole Hannah, 30
• Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 116
• Juneteenth, 6, 67, 178, 180
• Justice for Victims of Lynching Act, 65

• “Karen” archetype, 128–131, 190
• Katz, Judith, 100
• Kemp, Brian, 59
• Kendi, Ibram X., 30, 38, 182
• King, Gayle, 157
• King, Martin Luther, Jr., 16, 68f
• Knox, Amanda, 150
• Ku Klux Klan (KKK), 40, 142

• Lacks, Henrietta (HeLa cell line), 88
• landlord housing reform needs, 174
• Latinx: diversity committee fatigue, 128
  • healthcare disparities, 82, 85–86
  • multicultural summit attendance, 24
  • negative stereotypes of, 143
  • in politics, 60
  • racial identity, 25, 34
  • school limitations, 61, 164–165
  • socioeconomic inequality, 51f, 53–54
  • workplace discrimination, 124–125
• leadership positions in workforce, 55–57
• Lean In, 124–125
• Legette, Kamilah, 166–167
• Leslie, Lisa, 157
• LGBTQ community of Black people: Black fatigue of, 96–101
  • genderqueer, defined, 102
  • health disparities, 5–6
  • nonbinary, defined, 102
  • sexual orientation and, 96–103
  • as subordinated group, 41
• liberation and barrier removal, 34
• life expectancy rates, 72, 73f, 153
• Live Inclusively Actualized, 133
• “Living while Black,” ix, 185, 187
• Lizzo (singer), 117
• location-related stress, 79
• love needs for children, 175
• low-income people, 103–105, 111, 174
• Lumumba, Diya “Patrick,” 150
• Lyft, 174
• lynching, xi, 64–65, 76

• MacArthur Foundation, 103–104
• machoism, 143, 154–155
• Magee, Rhonda, 91–92
• Malcom X, 16, 108, 109, 142
• Man Up Man Down research program, 153–154, 156
• Mapping Police Violence, 149
• marginalized identities, 96–106
• Martin, Trayvon, xi, xiii, 76, 149
• Mason-Dixon line, 14
• mass incarceration, 36, 151–153
• mastectomy disparities, 83
• Mcdade, Tony, x
• McKinsey and Company, 124–125
• McWhorter, John, 37
• media images, need for change, 173–174
• Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to Present (Washington), 88
• medical experimentation discrimination, 88
• medical professionals, distrust of, 86–88
• mental health disparities, 69, 73, 83, 86–87, 104, 154
• Men Thrive, 154–155
• microaggressions/aggressions, 20, 75, 118, 125–127
• millennials (1980–1996), xiii, 26, 69
• mindfulness practice, 91–92, 93
• minimization worldview, 148
• minimum wage discrimination, 120–121
• misogyny, 156–158
• “missing White woman syndrome,” 113
• Mitchell, Margaret Laverne, 77
• Mock, Janet, 134
• monocultural worldview, 147–148
• Montessori school, 161–162
• Morrison, Tony, xv
• Muslim community, 112
• My Brother’s Keeper task force, 173
• My True Self, 92

• narrative reframing techniques, 94, 94f
• National Academy of Medicine, 81–82
• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 15–16
• National Bureau of Economic Research, 152
• A National Epidemic: Fatal Anti-transgender Violence in the United States in 2019 report, 102
• National Fair Housing Alliance, 54
• National Institutes of Health, 88
• National Memorial for Peace and Justice, 64
• National Registry of Exonerations, 66
• Native American incarceration rates, 65
• natural hair, 20, 118, 121
• negative stereotypes about Black people, 123, 137, 142–146, 150, 164
• neo-Nazis, 40
• New Deal minimum wage, 120
• The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (Alexander), 36, 66
• NewsOne, 65, 148
• Niagara Movement, 15–16
• nice vs. scary Black men, 141–143
• Nineteenth Amendment, 129
• Nkomo, Stella, 129
• nonbinary, defined, 102
• nonracist/nonracism, 35–36, 38, 182
• North Star newspaper, 17
• “n” word, 12

• Obama, Barack (administration), 3, 21, 57–58, 63
• Obama, Michelle, 117, 134
• obesity concerns, 4, 172
• Ocasio-Cortez, Alexandria, 37
• Office of Civil Rights, 165
• Omar, Iihan, 37
• one-identity approach, 106
• on guard in workplace, 146–147
• Opportunity Institute, 171
• oppression: CROWN Act as, 3–4, 118
  • history recounted by oppressed, 30–31
  • ignorance of, 42–43
  • internalized, 123, 131–132, 167–168
• Oppression Olympics, 130
• “original sin” of slavery, 178–179
• Our Separate Ways: Black and White Women and the Struggle for Professional Identity (Bell, Nkomo), 129
• out-of-school suspensions, 62

• Painter, Nell Irvin, 31
• parental status, 103–105
• patriarchy, 156–157
• Paul, Rand, 65
• PBS NewsHour, 113
• A People’s History of the United States (Zinn), 31
• performative activism, 180
• Pew Research, 25, 33–34, 99, 115
• place-based fear, 76–79
• “play the race card,” 190
• plus-size body type, 117–118
• police brutality, xii, 65, 77, 148–149, 181, 183, 189
• Pop, Nina, x
• postracial society, 57
• Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome (DeGruy), 115
• posttraumatic stress, 80
• poverty concerns, 81, 84, 103–104, 110–113, 153, 168–174
• power brokers, 183–184, 187
• preschool demographics, 165
• Pressley, Ayanna, 37
• Princeton University, 179
• prostate cancer, 153

• Quaker Oats, 116
• quality care access disparities, 85–86

• race, defined, 33–34
• race-based stress on children, 14
• racial equity vs. equality, 25, 34–35, 35f
• racial identity, 25, 34, 91, 182
• racial justice, xii–xiv, 7–8, 32, 91, 116, 177–178
• racial protests (2020), 6, 26, 29, 31, 56, 70, 75, 114, 147
• racist/racism: aging rates and, 75, 172
  • anti-Black racism, 26, 31, 110, 189
  • antiracist/antiracism, 35–36, 38, 182–183
  • Black women and, 121–127
  • in Canada, 13–15
  • defined, 6–7, 37
  • denial of, 31, 33, 39, 67, 147, 171
  • discomfort excuse against, 184–185, 191
  • environmental racism, 63, 84–85, 172
  • experiences in workplace, 121–127
  • by harmful stereotypes, 167
  • ignorance of, 35–38
  • intergenerational racism, 2, 4, 69, 91
  • internalized racism, 6, 36
  • interpersonal racism, 6, 11
  • intragroup racism, 37–38, 99, 118–119
  • need to dismantle, 178
  • nonracist/nonracism, 35–36, 38, 182
  • as public health emergency, 4
  • resilience and, 94, 191
  • structural racism, 6, 11, 69, 74, 168–169, 171, 184, 187
  • systems approach against, 173
  • talking to children about, 169–171
  • types of, 6
  • as white problem, 188
  • white supremacy, xiv, 40–41, 44, 118, 178, 182–183. See also health/healthcare racism; sublime ignorance; systemic racism
• Radical Inclusion, 89–90
• rape culture, 113, 157
• Reagan, Ronald, 66, 150
• Reconstruction era, 87
• Rediker, Marcus, 31
• Reese, Mareisha, xii–xiii, 22–23, 161, 163–164
• reimagining justice, 188–192
• reparations for slavery, 6, 52, 178–179, 188
• resilience and racism, 94, 191
• Revels, Hiram R., 58
• Rice, Tamir, xi, 76, 149
• Ritchie, Andrea J, 113
• Rutgers University’s School of Criminal Justice, 64

• sacrificial worker, 190
• Safe Black Space Community Healing Circles, 93
• Saugeen First Nation of Indians, 14
• Say Her Name: Resisting Police Brutality against Black Women report, 114
• SayHerName movement, 113–114
• school limitations, 164–166
• school resources, equitable distribution, 173, 181
• Scott, Tim, 65
• segregation in neighborhoods, 54
• segregation in schools, 12, 15, 47, 60
• self-care, 70, 91–93, 135, 186
• self-esteem, 80, 123, 154
• self-worth, 123
• Sentencing Project, 151
• sexism, 103, 115, 121, 156–158
• sexual harassment, 20
• sexual orientation and Black fatigue, 96–103
• shared risk, 45
• shelter-in-place orders, x
• shopping-related stress, 78–79
• Showing Up for Racial Justice (SURJ), 178, 183
• silencing and Black fatigue, 147
• Sister Marjorie narrative, 110–113
• 1619 Project, 30
• skin-lightening industry, 119
• skin-tone discrimination, 144–146, 145f
• slavery legacy, 30, 131, 140, 158, 178–179, 188
• The Slave Ship: A Human History (Rediker), 31
• Snoop Dog, 157
• social justice, xiv, 7, 32, 43–44, 105, 159, 180–183
• social responsibility, 133, 234
• Social Security Act (1935), 120
• socioeconomic progress stagnation, 49–57
• socioeconomic status, 4–5, 20, 75, 152, 179. See also low-income people
• Sole, Jason, 144
• Something Happened in Our Town: A Child’s Story about Racial Injustice (Hazzard, Celano, Collins), 170–171
• South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 179
• Stamped from the Beginning (Kendi), 30
• Stanford University, 149
• Stephenson, Randall, 29–30
• stereotypes: “angry Black woman,” 79, 122–123
  • of Black boys, 163
  • hoodie stereotype, 144, 145f, 192
  • hypersexualized Black woman, 116–117, 142
  • negative stereotypes about Black people, 123, 137, 142–146, 150, 164
  • racism and harmful stereotypes, 167
• stigmatized identity, 98–101, 103, 132
• Stinson, Philip, 77
• Stony Brook University, 38
• Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 178
• structural racism, 6, 11, 69, 74, 168–169, 171, 184, 187
• sublime ignorance: Black fatigue, defined, 33
  • decolonization, 44–45
  • dominant and subordinated groups, 41
  • equity vs. equality, 34–35, 35f
  • introduction to, 29–32
  • nonracist vs. antiracist, 38
  • oppression, 42–43
  • race, defined, 33–34
  • racism and, 35–38
  • social justice, 43–44
  • whiteness theory, 38–39
  • white privilege, 39
  • white supremacy, 40–41
• subordinated groups, 35, 38, 41
• Subramanian, Thamara, 93–94
• sudden infant death syndrome, 172
• suicide concerns, 72, 172
• Sullivan, Shannon, 81
• suspension from school, 165
• systemic racism: criminal justice discrimination, 64–67
  • educational attainment discrimination, 49–50, 60–64
  • elected officials, 58
  • home ownership discrepancies, 53–55, 53f
  • household median income, 49–50, 50f
  • impact on children, 172
  • introduction to, 47–49
  • leadership positions in workforce, 55–57
  • socioeconomic progress stagnation, 49–57
  • summary of, 67, 68f
  • unemployment rate discrepancies, 52–53
  • voter suppression, 58–60
  • wealth disparity/inequality, 50–52, 51f
• systems approach against racism, 173

• Taylor, Breonna, x, xi, 1, 77, 114
• teacher role of Black people, 185, 190
• Thirteenth Amendment, 58
• Thrive Market, 174
• Till, Emmett, xi, 76
• Time, 105
• Title 1 funding, 61
• Tlaib, Rashida, 37
• tokenism and Black fatigue, 18, 20, 26, 75, 128, 147, 190
• Towards the “Other America”: Anti-racist Resources for White People Taking Action for Black Lives Matter (Crass), 178
• traffic stop study, 149
• transgender Blacks, x
• Trump, Donald (administration), 21, 37, 58, 63, 85, 105, 129
• Truth, Sojourner, 15
• Tubman, Harriett, 17
• Tuskegee syphilis study, 87, 153
• 2 Live Crew, 156

• unemployment rate discrepancies, 48, 52–53, 52f, 158, 185
• Unequal Treatment report, 81–82
• Union, Gabrielle, 118
• United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 174
• University of California, 101
• University of Georgia, 145, 172
• University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research, 64
• University of North Carolina, 81, 166
• University of Rochester, 16–19
• University of San Francisco, 145
• urban renewal, 55
• ‘us and them’ existence, 147–148
• use-of-force rules, 6, 184
• US southern racial experience, 13

• Valbrun, Valda, 164
• Vietnam War, 16
• vigilance of Black people, 185
• voter suppression, 58–60
• Voting Rights Act (1965), 48, 58–59

• War on Drugs program, 66, 150–151
• Washington, Denzel, 142
• Washington, Harriet A., 88
• Washington University’s Department of Sociology, 64
• wealth disparity/inequality, 50–52, 51f
• weathering hypothesis, 75
• We Dream a World: The 2025 Vision for Black Men and Boys project, 159
• welfare “queen,” 105
• West, Cornel, 162
• “When White Feminism Is White Supremacy in Heels” (Cargle), 130
• White, Anne, 117
• “white” as racial classification, 34
• white collective action, 178–185, 184f
• white culture, 7, 24–25
• white fragility, 7, 130, 184–185
• white identity, 24, 38, 182
• white nationalists, 40
• whiteness theory, 6, 25, 34, 38–40
• white privilege, 38–39
• White Rage (Anderson), 30
• whitesplaining, 191
• white supremacy, xiv, 40–41, 44, 118, 178, 182–183, 186
• white women, 21, 128–131, 190
• white women’s organizations, 129
• Wiggins, Joy, 131
• Williams, Jumaane D., 1
• Williams, Serena, 117, 134
• Williams, Venus, 117, 134
• Winfrey, Oprah, 78, 134
• Winters, Joseph, 20–23, 77–78, 142, 146, 161–164, 167, 169
• Winters Group, xii–xiii, 22, 31, 32, 48, 89–90, 92–94, 101, 132–133, 147–148, 155
• women’s rights, 15, 16
• workplace: Black fatigue personal narrative, 18–21, 24–25
  • Blackowned businesses, 132, 179–181
  • Black professionals in, 20, 24–25, 127
  • Black women’s fatigue, 119–133
  • chief counselors and consolers fatigue, 127
  • diversity committee fatigue, 128
  • equity needs, 179
  • on guard in workplace, 146–147
  • inclusion lack in, 24, 31–32, 127, 190
  • leadership positions in workforce, 55–57
  • LGBTQ stigmatization in, 99–100
  • microaggressions/aggressions in, 125–127
  • minimum wage discrimination, 120–121
  • racism and discrimination experiences in, 121–127
  • skin-tone discrimination in, 144–146, 145f
  • unemployment rate discrepancies, 48, 52–53, 52f, 158, 185. See also income inequality
• World Health Organization, 74
• Wright, Andre, 144

• Yale University, 17
• Yale University School of Public Health, 99

• Zimmerman, George, xiii
• Zinn, Howard, 31