C# in Depth, Second Edition

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Previous Chapter

C# in Depth, Second Edition

E

eager evaluation early out, iterator blocks ECMA, 2^nd e-commerce Effective Java efficiency generic variance standard query operators Eiffel Eini, Oren elegance, 2^nd, 3^rd element operators ElementAt Elements elements LINQ to XML ElementsAfterSelf ElementsBeforeSelf ElementType, property of IQueryable ellipsis in code snippets embarrassingly parallel tasks Embed Interop Types embedded collections embedded objects with collection initializers embedded sequences, group joins embedding languages within C# Primary Interop Assemblies emphasis “what” vs “how” Empty, 2^nd empty arrays empty sequences, group joins matching no elements encapsulation, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th delegates events enclosing types encodings reading files EndContractBlock EndInvoke, delegate method EndXXX enforcement preconditions Enqueue Ensures, 2^nd EnsuresOnThrow Enter entities, 2^nd. See also partial types. change tracking Entity Framework, 2^nd entry point, Code Contracts enum restriction on type constraints Enumerable, 2^nd, 3^rd enumeration mapping in LINQ to SQL terminology clash enumerators environment adapting via extension methods closures, 2^nd Environment.GetCommandLin eArgs equality joins Nullable equality operators, 2^nd EqualityComparer<T> Equals, 2^nd, 3^rd anonymous types Nullable implementation equals, contextual keyword Equals() equijoins erasure, transparent identifiers errata errors checking dynamic code messages pragma directives escaping string literals eval evaluation order named arguments null coalescing operator Evans, Eric event handlers, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th conventions lambda expression examples lambda expressions EventArgs, 2^nd EventHandler, 2^nd events, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th avoiding nullity checks changes to field-like events in C# 4 subscription subscriptions, 2^nd everything Code Contracts retention option evil uses of dynamic typing evolution, 2^nd, 3^rd Excel, 2^nd Except Exception catching ContractException exceptions, 2^nd documentation during delegate invocation dynamic responses handling postconditions preconditions specified in preconditions thrown by Cast thrown by invalid casts thrown for invalid conversions TryXXX pattern while iterating over a sequence ExceptWith exclusive OR operator executable caches Execute aggregation operators method of IQueryProvider ExecuteFile execution model, abstracted by expression trees execution modes, Parallel LINQ execution order, clarity with extension methods execution patterns finally blocks sequential appearance of iterator blocks execution plans execution time array access checks contract checking execution-time types, virtual dispatch Exists exit points invariant and postcondition checking ExpandoObject, 2^nd experimental style experimentation experiments with code from the book explicit conversions LINQ to XML method groups Nullable<T>. See also Nullable<T>, explicit conversions. explicit interface implementation, 2^nd dynamic typing explicit typing, 2^nd explicitly typed parameter lists, lambda expressions explicitly typed range variables Expression class, 2^nd expression evaluator Watch and Immediate windows expression trees, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th behavior in DLR rules compiling conversion from lambda expressions dynamic typing, 2^nd, 3^rd enhancements in .NET 4, 2^nd LINQ restrictions on lambda expression conversions used outside LINQ visualizer in Visual Studio 2010 Expression, property of IQueryable expressions in object initializers static typing, 2^nd value as a reference type or value type ExpressionType expressive code, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th extended types of an extension method options around namespaces Extensible Application Markup Language extension methods, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th calling compile-time discovery creating TimeSpan values declaring dynamic code extending LINQ to Objects guidance LINQ to Rx LINQ to XML restrictions used by query expressions ExtensionAttribute Extensions class LINQ to XML extern aliases extra classes, generated to hold captured variables

F

F#, 2^nd F# Interactive factory methods, 2^nd, 3^rd expression trees factory pattern, 2^nd, 3^rd FakeQuery FakeQueryProvider false operator field-like events changes in C# 4 fields automatically implemented properties backing trivial properties dynamic field-like events in Nullable<T> lack of implicit typing object initializers FIFO file handles files, iterating over lines elegantly FileStream filtering, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th, 6^th, 7^th before joins lambda expressions LINQ to Rx operators finalizers invariants finally, 2^nd, 3^rd FindAll, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th First LinkedList<T> first edition, Range class first phase, type inference FirstOrDefault fixed fixed type variables FixedBufferAttribute fixed-size buffers flags for nullable values indicating missing values Flash flattening LINQ to Rx LINQ to XML flattening sequences flexibility, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th LINQ, 2^nd options for Code Contracts float, special values floating-point numbers flow chart, type inference in C# 3 flow control flow of execution, iterators fluent interfaces fluent notation fluff, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th Foord, Michael for statements capturing the loop variable implicitly typed local variables ForAll ForEach, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th foreach, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th capturing the loop variable disposal of iterator, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th generics implicit casting foreach statements anonymous types implicitly typed local variables foreign keys formal parameters formal specification forward references Fowler, Martin framework non-involvement in lifted operators support for LINQ uses of dynamic typing framework libraries frequently asked questions, nullity friend assemblies from contextual keyword multiple from clauses FromEvent fsi, F# Interactive fully qualified names Func<...> delegate types, 2^nd, 3^rd function function names, C++ template arguments function pointers functional programming, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th, 6^th, 7^th declarative style languages functionality, adding to existing types functions, interoperability fundamental units, value types future changes

G

garbage collection, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th captured variables delegates effect of excessive boxing iterators garbage collector, generics generated code, 2^nd equivalence of dot notation and query expressions iterators generated files generation operators generic collections, 2^nd generic delegate types Action Func generic helper class generic method definitions, retrieving through reflection generic methods, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th reflection type inference generic type definition specifying in reflection generic type inference. See type inference. generic types example with Dictionary <TKey, TValue> reflection unaided by type inference generic variance, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th C# 4 explicit declaration requirement Java restrictions generics, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th anonymous types closed types, 2^nd constructed types Java lack of generic properties etc limitations open types, 2^nd operators pronunciation reflection type constraints type parameter substitution ubiquity within language specification unbound types get_, avoided by named indexers GetConsoleScreenBufferEx GetDynamicMemberNames(), 2^nd GetEnumerator, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th, 6^th GetGenericArguments GetGenericTypeDefinition GetHashCode, 2^nd, 3^rd anonymous types Nullable<T> implementation GetInvocationList GetKeyForItem GetMemberBinder GetMetaObject, 2^nd GetMethods getters, 2^nd GetType, 2^nd GetUnderlyingType GetValueOrDefault GetVariable GetViewBetween global namespace alias global scope, IronPython glue, Queryable methods gmcs goes to, lambda expressions Google, 2^nd AppEngine gotchas, dynamic typing grammar, domain specific languages graphing Gravell, Marc, 2^nd Groovy, 2^nd group ... by group joins group, contextual keyword GroupBy, 2^nd, 3^rd grouping LINQ to Rx order of results grouping expressions grouping operators GroupJoin, 2^nd GTK# guarantees, Code Contracts guidance anonymous types captured variables extending LINQ to Objects extension methods implicit typing GUIDs, checksum pragma directives gut feelings implicit typing

H

hash collisions hash tables hashing generic interfaces joins HashSet Hashtable, 2^nd, 3^rd HasValue, 2^nd. See also Nullable, HasValue property. heap, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th hello, world helper classes helper methods initializing collections method group conversions hierarchical structure, code mirroring XML document higher-order functions, 2^nd hooks, partial methods hosting languages fluent interfaces within C# hot observables HTML hyperbole

I

ICloneable ICollection<T>, 2^nd, 3^rd optimizing LINQ operators IComparable<T> IComparer, 2^nd, 3^rd IComparer and IComparer<T>, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th, 6^th IDE, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th identity DataContext identity conversions, 2^nd IDictionary ExpandoObject idioms code, 2^nd delegates IDispatch IDisposable, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th, 6^th iterator block implementation iterator disposal in foreach IDynamicMetaObjectProvider, 2^nd ExpandoObject IEEE-754 IEnumerable, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th, 6^th collection initializers iterator blocks, 2^nd, 3^rd LINQ, 2^nd, 3^rd concurrent collections returned from axis methods IEnumerator, 2^nd, 3^rd IEqualityComparer, 2^nd, 3^rd IEquatable if/else blocks IgnoreCase IGroupedObservable IGrouping, 2^nd IL, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th. See also Intermediate Language. const and default parameter values faked ref arguments generated for object initializers type system, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th ildasm, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th IList, 2^nd, 3^rd IList<T>, 2^nd immediate execution, 2^nd custom LINQ operators Immediate window, Visual Studio immutability, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th. See also mutability. collections, 2^nd expression trees, 2^nd futility of invariants method call chaining impedance mismatch, 2^nd imperative model, 2^nd implementation partial methods revealing contracts simplicity of LINQ to Objects implementation details dynamic typing generated names transparent identifiers implicit conversions, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th array covariance, 2^nd conditional operator default parameter values due to type constraints dynamic extension methods for wrapper types generic variance method group conversions method groups Nullable<T> role in type inference string to XName string to XNamespace to object implicit conversions, Nullable<T>. See Nullable<T>, implicit conversions. implicit joins, LINQ to SQL implicit obligations arithmetic array bounds non-nullity implicit parameter lists, lambda expressions implicit typing, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th projections range variables implicitly typed arrays type inference implicitly typed local variables, 2^nd, 3^rd anonymous types lambda expression examples implicitly typed parameters anonymous methods lambda expressions type inference impure code in keyword in modifier, contravariance inclusive OR operator inconsistency, naming conventions indentation independence, multiple iterators over one collection independent responsibilities index, overloads for Select and Where indexed properties indexers Dictionary<TKey, TValue> named optional parameters and named arguments IndexOf, 2^nd indirection delegates, 2^nd InDocumentOrder -infer inference implicitly typed local variables, 2^nd type parameters for generic methods inferred return types anonymous functions comparing anonymous function conversions infinite loops infinite sequences infinity infoof inheritance, 2^nd, 3^rd contracts deriving from type parameters in C++ method group conversions overload resolution variance, 2^nd, 3^rd initialization, 2^nd arrays immutable types implicitly typed local variables partial types initialization expressions inline initialization for “constants” inline specification of delegate actions inlining inner joins use in object-oriented code inner sequence INotifyCollectionChanged INotifyPropertyChanged input positions, contravariance InsertAt InsertItem instance members capturing this reference instance methods calling on null references delegate example preferred over extension methods using to create delegate instances instance variables, representing local variables in iterators instant messaging instantiation of local variables instincts integer literals, potential confusion with implicit typing integration, with LINQ IntelliSense, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th extension methods, 2^nd intentions, communicating via Code Contracts interfaces, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th adding functionality anonymous types array covariance breaking changes collections comparison with contracts comparison with delegates comparison with duck typing contract classes extension methods generic variance, 2^nd inherited contracts interface keyword out-of-process LINQ providers return type covariance static classes static members Interlocked intermediate computations, let clauses intermediate format, LINQ queries Intermediate Language. See IL. intermediate variable, method group conversions internal accessibility internal classes, hiding implementation details InternalsVisibleToAttribute interoperability, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th interpreters, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th Intersect IntersectWith into, contextual keyword introspection, LINQ queries InvalidCastException, 2^nd InvalidOperationException, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th invariance, 2^nd Invariant method invariants, 2^nd breaking via inheritance inherited contracts Inversion of Control, 2^nd invocation delegates field-like events invocation list Invoke, 2^nd delegate method InvokeMemberBinder, 2^nd invoking methods, reflection IObservable, 2^nd IObserver, 2^nd IOrderedEnumerable iPad iPhone, 2^nd iPod Touch IProducerConsumerCollection<T> IQueryable, 2^nd IQueryProvider IronPython, 2^nd, 3^rd binder reuse using from C# 4 IronRuby binder reuse is operator breaking changes ISet, 2^nd IsGenericMethod IsGenericType IsGenericTypeDefinition IsInterned IsNullOrEmpty isolating dynamic typing IsProperSubsetOf IsProperSupersetOf IsReadOnly IsSubsetOf IsSupersetOf IStructuralComparable IStructuralEquatable ITask Items iterable iteration pattern iteration variables, foreach loops iterator blocks, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th elegance iterators, 2^nd, 3^rd implementing in C# 1 real-life examples yield type

J

Java, 2^nd generics, 2^nd JavaScript, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th JIT compiler, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th DLR caches expression trees, 2^nd generics, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th Join, 2^nd, 3^rd custom comparisons join ... into, not a continuation join operators join plans, LINQ to Rx join-calculus joins LINQ to SQL query expressions Just-In-Time compilation. See also JIT compiler. just-in-time, iterator behavior

K

kernel profile Key modifier, VB anonymous types key selectors, 2^nd Key, property in IGrouping<,> KeyedCollection KeyNotFoundException KeyPress event KeyPressEventArgs KeyPressEventHandler, 2^nd keys grouping joins keystrokes, saved by implicit typing KeyValuePair KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>, 2^nd Knuth, Donald

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