- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Biography
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- 1. Principle of Electrochemical Corrosion and Cathodic Protection
- 2. Application of Cathodic Protection
- 2.1. Criteria for Cathodic Protection
- 2.2. Buried Pipes
- 2.3. Tanks Exteriors
- 2.4. Submerged Pipelines
- 2.5. Offshore Structures and Ship Hulls
- 2.6. Tank, Pipe, and Water Box Interiors
- 2.7. Well Casings
- 2.8. Types of Cathodic Protection Systems
- 2.9. Equipment and Facilities for Impressed Current Systems
- 2.10. Cathodic Protection of Buried Steel Pipes
- 2.11. Cathodic Protection In-Plant Facilities
- 2.12. Cathodic Protection of Vessel and Tank Internals
- 2.13. Cathodic Protection of Marine Structures
- 2.14. Anodic Protection
- 3. Design Considerations on Cathodic Protection for Buried Pipelines and Marine Structures
- 3.1. Principles of Cathodic Protection
- 3.2. Methods of Applying Cathodic Protection
- 3.3. Protection Potentials
- 3.4. Current Density
- 3.5. Coatings
- 3.6. Calcareous Scales
- 3.7. Choice of a Cathodic-Protection System
- 3.8. Anode Resistance
- 3.9. Impressed-Current System
- 3.10. Galvanic Anode System
- 3.11. Design Principle of Cathodic Protection for Marine Structures
- 3.12. Anode Location
- 3.13. Anodic Protection
- 4. Materials and Cathodic Protection Systems
- 4.1. Impressed Current Anodes
- 4.2. Manufacturing of Materials
- 4.3. Anode Casting
- 4.4. Lead Wire-to-Anode Connection
- 4.5. Anode Lead Wire
- 4.6. Properties
- 4.7. Dimensions and Weights
- 4.8. Carbonaceous Backfill for Impressed Current Anodes
- 4.9. Galvanic Anodes for Underground Applications (Magnesium and Zinc)
- 4.10. Chemical Backfill for Galvanic Anodes
- 4.11. Method for the Determination of the Anode-to-Core Resistance of Galvanic Anodes
- 4.12. Galvanic Anodes for Submerged Applications (Magnesium and Zinc)
- 4.13. Method for the Determination of the Anode-to-Core Resistance of Galvanic Anodes
- 4.14. Bracelet-Type Galvanic Anodes for Submarine Pipelines (Aluminum and Zinc)
- 4.15. Anode Core Steel Works
- 4.16. Method for the Determination of the Anode-to-Core Resistance of Galvanic Anodes
- 4.17. Method for the Determination of the Consumption Rate of Aluminum Anode Alloys Immersed in Seawater
- 4.18. Method for the Determination of the Closed-Circuit Potential of Aluminum Anodes Immersed in Seawater
- 4.19. Cast Galvanic Anodes for Fixed Offshore Installations (Aluminum)
- 4.20. Requirements
- 4.21. CP Cables
- 4.22. Specific Cable Requirements
- 4.23. Quality Assurance Provisions
- 4.24. Tests
- 4.25. Fabrication and Inspection of Monolithic Insulating Joints
- 4.26. Approved Welding Processes
- 4.27. Coating
- 4.28. Quality Assurance Provisions
- 4.29. Tests
- 4.30. Flange Insulation Kit
- 4.31. Polypropylene Rope
- 4.32. Split Bolt Connector (Line Tap)
- 4.33. Rubber Splicing Tape
- 4.34. Thermit Weld (Cad Weld) Powder
- 5. Monitoring Cathodic Protection Systems
- 5.1. Criteria for Cathodic Protection
- 5.2. Periodic Inspection
- 5.3. Potential Survey of Buried Steel Pipes
- 5.4. Potential Survey of Cathodically Protected Reinforced Concrete
- 5.5. Potential Survey of Offshore Structures
- 5.6. Inspection of Rectifiers
- 5.7. Inspection of Ground Bed
- 5.8. Inspection of Offshore Sacrificial Anodes
- 5.9. Current Survey
- 5.10. Inspection Following Failure Report
- 5.11. Inspection and Survey for Efficiencies of Coatings
- 5.12. Data Recording and Analysis
- 5.13. Interferences
- 5.14. Meters and Equipment
- 5.15. Potentiometer and Voltmeter
- 6. Test Methods
- 6.1. Test Methods for the Short Circuit Point
- 6.2. American Society for Testing and Material Standard Test Method for Half-Cell Potentials of Uncoated Reinforcing Steel Bar in Concrete
- 6.3. Subsea Pipeline CP Survey Method
- 6.4. Line Current Survey Test Method
- 6.5. Computer Modeling of Offshore CP Systems Utilized in CP Monitoring
- 6.6. Coating Resistance Measurement Method
- 6.7. Test Method and Calculation for “Attenuation Constant”
- 6.8. Coating Inspection by the Pearson Method
- 6.9. Coating Inspection by the C-Scan System
- 6.10. Coating Evaluation by Electromagnetic Current Attenuation Survey
- 6.11. Close Interval Pipe-to-Soil Potential Survey
- 6.12. An Example for Cathodic Field Interference Test Method
- 6.13. Tests for Electrical Continuity
- 7. Installation of Cathodic Protection Systems
- 7.1. Galvanic Anodes
- 7.2. Impressed Current Anodes
- 7.3. Transformer/Rectifier Equipment
- 7.4. Excavation and Backfilling
- 7.5. Installation of CP Systems for Buried Pipelines
- 7.6. Installation of Galvanic Anode Systems
- 7.7. Installation of CP Systems for Compact Buried Structures
- 7.8. Installation of CP Systems for Internal Surfaces
- 7.9. Installation of CP Systems for Marine Structures
- 7.10. Submarine Pipelines
- 7.11. Electrical Measurements and Tests
- 7.12. Tests Prior to Installation of CP on Buried or Immersed Structures
- 7.13. Tests during the Commissioning Period
- 7.14. Specialized Surveys
- 8. Commissioning of Cathodic Protection Systems
- 8.1. Precommissioning Inspection and Check
- 8.2. Hookup and Commissioning
- 8.3. Commissioning Survey
- 8.4. Commissioning Report
- 8.5. Installation of Electrical Isolation Equipment
- 8.6. Thermit Welding of CP Leads
- 8.7. Pipe Preparation
- 8.8. Thermit Weld Preparation and Procedure
- 8.9. Control of Interference Currents on Foreign Structures
- 8.10. Notifying Owners of Other Structures for Interference Testing
- 8.11. Interference Testing
- 8.12. Criteria for Limiting Corrosion Interaction
- 8.13. Telluric Current
- 8.14. AC Effects
- 8.15. Measurement of Soil Resistivity
- 8.16. Field Procedures
- 8.17. Frequency of Measurement
- 8.18. Measurement of Electrode Resistance
- 8.19. Current Drainage Survey
- 8.20. Determination In situ of the Redox Potential of Soil
- 8.21. Inspection of CP Installations
- 8.22. Installation in Hazardous Atmospheres
- Additional List of Reading on Retrofitting
- Glossary of Terms
Dedication
Dedicated to the loving memory of my parents, grandparents, and to all who contributed so much to my work over the years.
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