INDEX
Numbers
9/11, 4–5, 9–10, 25, 29, 37, 49, 93, 95. See also
September 11th Commission
1812, war of, 10
1916 Sykes-Picot agreement, 32
1948-49 Arab-Israeli War, 33
1992 Chapultepec Peace Accords, 141
1993 World Trade Center bombing, 84
1998 US embassy bombings, Nairobi, 93
1999 Columbine High School Massacre, 77
2001 Security Council Resolution, 101
2002 Arab Human Development Report, 28
2005 London bombers, 48
2007 Asian Cup, 162
2008 Foreign Policy Association article, 80
2011 Arab Awakening, 89
2015 Salzburg Global Seminar, 144
2016
Arab Human Development Report, 29–30
Global Terrorism Index (GTI), 77
2017
London Bridge attack, 134
UN counterterrorism report, 45
2018
Arab Youth Survey, 113–114
Champions League, 162–163
Global Innovation Index Rankings, 28
World Economic Forum at Davos, 151
A
Abd Al-Hussein Al-Darweesh, Yassir, 110
Abdel Nasser, Gamal, 23–24
Abdeslam brothers, 46–47
Abdu Ali Al Hajj, Sharqawi, 100
Abdulla, Amir, 33
Abedi, Salman Ramadan, 46
Abel and Cain, 131
Abu Ghaith, Suleiman, 94
Activities, Daesh Business Model Canvas, 167
ad-Din Ahmad Ibn Taymiyya, Taqi, 21–22
Afghanistan
FTFs (foreign-trained fighters), 15
levels of destitution, 58
perception, 3–4
Africa
Central African Republic, 184
airline hijackings, 8
airport police, Michigan, 51
Akilu, Fatima, 123–125, 130, 134, 190
Al Ikram Lil Amal, 127
Al Jazeera, 28
Al Manara program, 155
Al Qaeda
1998 US embassy bombings, 93
America’s arrogance, 94
Iraq, 37
legacy strategy, 182
operatives, 72–73
prior to US invasion, 63
Shiite Muslims, 9
Sunni tribesmen, 168
terrorism deaths, 13
Al Quraysh tribe, 18
Al-Bahadly, Fatima, 150
alcohol and drugs, 51
Al-Haznawi, Ahmed, 30
Alhendawi, Ahmad, 144
Ali, Ben, 116
Allies (Britain and France), 32
Al-Maliki, Nouri, 168–169
Al-Mutawa, Naif, 3–4
al-Tal, Wasfi, 151
alt-right, 66
Al-Zawahiri, Ayman, 92
America. See also “Message to the American People”
perceived arrogance, 94
population, 96
Amir of Mecca, 33
“Analysis: Homegrown Terrorism in the U.S. and UK,” 80
anarchists, assassinations, 7
Anbar province, 168
ANC (African National Congress), 12
Anglo-Persian Oil company, 36
Ankara attack, 118
Annan, Kofi, xi
“annihilation” tactics, 96
Antoinette, Marie, 6
Apartheid, South Africa, 12
“apostates,” 22
Arab Awakening (2011), 89
Arab Human Development Reports, 28–30
Arab nationalism, 33
Arab states, military expenditures, 183
Arab Terrorism Convention, 12
Arab Youth Survey (2018), 113–114
Arab-Israeli Wars, 33
Arabs
elites, 38
GDP spent on education, 27
narrative, 38
“subject races,” 32
Arafat, Yasser, 151–152
archetypes, terrorists, 70
Argentina, 65
ARMM (Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao), 170
Armstrong, Karen, 53
Asian Cup (2007), 162
assimilation of immigrants, 78–79
authoritarian regimes, support for, 113
Avicenna, 26
Aware Girls, 147
B
Baathists, 114
Babban Gona, 173–176
“Baby, It’s Cold Outside,” 23
Bailey, Norman, 37
Bakhit, Suleiman, 150–151
Bakr al-Baghdadi, Abu, 122, 130
Bakr as-Siddiq, Abu, 20
Balfour, Arthur, 33
Balkans, 7
Bandura, Albert, 102
Barber, Benjamin, 32
Barkin Ladi, 186
Basque separatist terrorism, 4
Bastille Day parade, 46
Bataclan theater shooting, Paris, 46–47
BBC Revolting skit, 72
beards, responses, 4
“Beefgate,” 142
Beirut, 152
Belgium, Mechelen, 157–160
Belgium and France, 116
belonging, importance of, 71–72
Ben Belgacem, Ziyed, 46
Benjamin, Daniel, 50
Bergen, Peter, 73–74
Berger, Sandy, 92–93
Bertelsmann Foundation, Germany, 83
“Big Five,” 13–14
Bin Laden, Osama
2004 statement, 28–29
vs. Baghdadi, 91
Burmese counterpart, 6
eviction in 1996, 112
humiliation, 28
killing American civilians, 91–92
“Message to the American People,” 93–94
mujahedeen, 37
Qutb, Sayyid, 23
statements, 98
Black Panthers, 8
Blair, Tony, 140
Blue Dot, 101
blue-eyed and brown-eyed children, 102–103
Bokkos, 186
Boko Haram. See also Nigeria attacks by militants, 58–59
deaths from terrorism, 13
decreased support, 110–111
engagement and connection, 124
and Kola Masha, 173–174
long-term defeat, 123
motivations for joining, 140
prosperity, 65
and Quran, 53
weakening in 2015, 108
bombings. See also serial bomber; suicide bombings
King David Hotel, 7
statistics, 10–11
border security, 14
Boston marathon bombing, 47, 75
Bouchar, Fatima, 99–100
BP (British Petroleum), 36
Brexit, 66
Britain
assimilation in, 80
and France (Allies), 32
Persian Gulf blockade, 36
British India Office, 31–32
British rule, fight against, 7, 23
brotherhood, need for, 70–71
Brussels, Comptoir Voltaire cafe, 46–47
Bucerius, Sandra M., 80
Buckley, Chris, 154–155
Buddha and ferryman, 104–105
Buddhism, 6
Bureau of Investigative Journalism, 11
Burma, Rohingya Muslims, 6, 135
“Burmese Bin Laden,” 6
Bush, George W., 37, 57, 92, 140
Bush-Cheney administration’s policies, 110
Business Model Canvas, Daesh, 166–167
Byzantine Rome, 7
C
Cabayan, Hriar, 66–67
Cain and Abel, 131
caliph, 20
caliphate, promises to fighters, 188
caliphate, reinstatement, 23
Cameroon, 174–175
capital-intensive approach, 192
Catholics and Protestants, 172
Central African Republic, 184
ceremonial scripts, 50
Chamoun, Camille, 35
Champions League (2018), 162–163
Chandler, John, 100
Channels, Daesh Business Model Canvas, 167
Chapultepec Peace Accords (1992), 141
Charlie Hebdo massacre, 117–118, 121
Chesser, Zachary, 76
Chomsky, Noam, 34
Christian Leke, Achaleke, 174–175
Christian Maronites (Lebanon), 33
Christian serial bomber, 9
Chtatou, Mohamed, 82
CIA
Iraqi invasion, 37
misinformation campaign, 36
Cirhigiri, Cito, 146
citizens, recruiting to society, 157–158
civil strife, prevalence of Islamism, 24
civilian deaths, accountability, 10. See also deaths
“classroom citizen” students, 77
collaboration, 193
Collective Impact, 193–194
colonization and post-colonization, 31–39
Columbine High School Massacre (1999), 77
The Communist Manifesto, 24
Communists, 7
communities and immigration, 78
community (umma), 20–21
community-building approaches, 162
compassion, demonstrating, 157
Compassion Charter, 54
compassionate counterterrorism, 104–105. See also empathy; selective compassion
“complex web,” 83–84
Comptoir Voltaire cafe, Brussels, 46–47
Conditt, Mark Anthony, 9
conflicts, sides of, 89
Congo, 146
Congressional report, 10
connection, vacuum of, 124
correspondence bias, 90
Corsican terrorism, 4
Cost Structure, Daesh Business Model Canvas, 167
Costa Rica, 126
Council on Foreign Relations, 10
counterterrorism, terminology, 101–104
“crowd killings,” 11
CTC (Combating Terrorism Center), West Point, 54, 59–60, 77
Cuba, hijacking diversions, 8
cultural diversity, 79
Customer Relationships, Daesh Business Model Canvas, 167–168
Customer Segments, Daesh Business Model Canvas, 166–168
CVE (countering violent extremism), 184. See also P/CVE (preventing and countering violent extremism); violence
D
Daesh (Islamic State). See also FTFs
(foreign-trained fighters) appeal, 188
attack-related statistic, 14
beginnings, 61–63
deaths from terrorism, 13
education, 60
governance, 19
jihadism, 50
motivations for joining, 59–60, 65–66
vs. Nazi sympathizers, 5
outperforming, 188
perception in 2016, 29–30
promises to fighters, 61–62
propaganda videos, 72
recruitment efforts, 149
recruits, 70
religious indoctrination, 54–55
renouncing allegiance, 55
resurrection, 37
Soufan Group statistic, 15
tactics and strategies, 166–167
thinkers and organizations, 21
UK (United Kingdom), 117
weakening in 2015, 108
wealth, 61
vs. white nationalists, 5
The Daily Show, 4
Dalai Lama, 52
Dark Prison, 100
“Davos of Social Innovation,” 173
death wishes, 50
death by drone, 11
deaths, statistics, 14. See also civilian deaths Declaration of Independence, 34, 128
Deliver Us from Evil: Defeating Terrorism, Despotism, and Liberalism, 34
Demko, George, 19
democracy, 113
vs. Islam, 19
rhetoric, 38
deradicalization, 130. See also radicalization
desegregation, feelings, 78
development initiatives, 169
Dignity for Hope, 127
diplomacy, 110
disconnection and violence, 76–77
diversity and inclusion, 4, 79. See also inclusion
“divide and conquer” legacies, 38
DME (design, monitoring, evaluation), 185, 192–193
domestic terrorism, 14–15. See also terrorism
DRC (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 146
drones. See death by drone
drug dealers, Germany, 80
drugs and alcohol, 51
E
Ebrahim, Zak, 84–85
economic exclusion, 64–67
economic impact of wars, 182. See also Institute for Economics and Peace
economics of peace, reevaluating, 179
education, Daesh FTFs, 60
Ehrenreich, Barbara, 89–90
Eisenhower, Dwight, 35
Ekomo-Soignet, Kessy, 184
Elliott, Jane, 103
empathy, 84–87, 109, 155–156. See also compassionate counterterrorism; selective compassion
humiliation, 29–30
labeling, 85–86
slaying by force, 190
turning into friends, 129
Engels, Friedrich, 24
ethnic cleansing, 6
Europe. See also “Message to the Peoples of Europe”
immigrant groups, 64–65
scientific revolution, 27
Europol, 4
evil, committing, 102
EWS (Early Warning System), 187
exclusion, 124
Exit program, 155–156
extrajudicial acts, 14
extremism. See also P/CVE (preventing and countering violent extremism); PVE (preventing violent extremism); violent extremism
appeal to women, 75
breeding, 83
“identifying,” 4
and violence, 101
extremist groups, reasons for joining, 77
extremist leaders, 122
extremist rhetoric, 51
F
farming and fundamentalism, 172–174
Farouk Abdulmutallab, Umar, 69–70
fasadis (seditionists), 134
Fascists, 7
Fatah, 169 fatwa (religious edict), 92
fawda (chaos), 27
FDI (foreign direct investment), 182
fear and intimidation, 188
financial crisis, 66
financial rewards, promising, 57
Finsbury Park Mosque, 51
Fiorina, Carly, 25
Firdaus, Iraq, 150
FMLN (Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front), 141
Foreign Policy Association article (2008), 80
Fort Hood attack, 50
France and Belgium, 116
and Britain (Allies), 32
German occupation, 12
unemployment of immigrants, 65
“France and the Unknown Second Generation: Preliminary Results on Social Mobility,” 81
Francophone countries, 116
Franklin, Benjamin, 137
freedom fighters, 11–13
French Revolution, 7
friendship circles, 86
FTFs (foreign-trained fighters). See also Daesh (Islamic State)
influences for joining, 86
interview, 72
Morocco and Tunisia, 126
motivations, 59–60
persuading, 45
and prayer, 53
renouncing allegiance, 55
Fuller, Buckminster, 191
fundamental attribution error, 90
fundamentalism
fighting, 195
fighting through farming, 172–174
mitigating, 118
fundamentalist thought, 21
G
Gadahn, Adam, 75
Gaddafi, 99
Gandhi, Mahatma, 139
Gaza, 171
GDP, and positive peace, 182
gender. See also women
dynamics, 61
inclusivity, 160–162
German occupation, France, 12
Germany
drug dealers, 80
Muslims, 83
Gitmo (Guantanamo Bay), 29
global financial crisis, 66
Global Peace Index, 182
global threats, root causes, 195
God is love, 128–135. See also love
God’s work, doing, 146–147
Google, 5
Gordon, Phillip H., 183
governance, 111–113
Grameen Bank, 165
Grand Mosque, Mecca, 52
grayzone, eliminating, 115–118
“greater good,” 11
greater jihad, 20
Greeks, uprisings against, 7
Grimmett, Richard F., 10
Ground Zero, 9/11, 95–96, 117–118
groups, identifying with, 70–71
GTI (Global Terrorism Index)
analysis, xi
codification of terrorist incidents, 13
Iraq and Syria, 77
Nigeria, 58
religious groups, 107
guerilla strategy, Latin America, 8–9
Gulags, 7
Gulf War, 94
Guterres, António, 139
H
Habil and Qabil, 131
halal, 50
“halal theory of terrorism,” 73
Halliburton, 37
hallucinogenics, 47
Hamas, 9, 63. See also Palestine
Hammami, Omar, 76
Hamza, 18
Hanh, Thích Nhát, 44
Harvard Business Review, 175
Hasan, Nader, 74
Hasan, Nidal, 47, 50–51, 73–74
Hasan Ishaaq, Luthfi, 142
hatred, 93–97
Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham, 97
Hero-Factor comic, 151
heroin, battle over, 52
hijackings, airline, 8
Hinckley, John, 123
Hindu god, party of, 3–4
Hoffer, Eric, 69
Hoffman, Bruce, 11–12
Holocaust, 33
Homegrown: The Counter-Terror Dilemma, 74
Homeland Security, 13
human potential, 182
humiliation, 29–30
I
Ibn Abd Al-Wahhab, Muhammad, 21–23
Ibn Abi Talib, Ali, 20
Ibn Sina, Abu Ali, 26
Ibn Taymiyya, Taqi ad-Din Ahmad, 21–22, 27
ICSR (International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence), 15
“Illegitimate” vs. “legitimate” actors, 12–13
Imam (spiritual leader), 20
al-Banna, Hassan, 23
Ibn Abi Taleb, Ali, 27
imams, role of, 190
immigrant groups, Europe, 64–65
immigration and communities, 78–79
“impure” past and present, 48
incels, 153–154
inclusion, impact on radicals, 141–144. See also diversity and inclusion; social exclusion
India, 3–4
Indonesian Muslims, 142–144
infidels, declaring, 22
Instances of Use of U S Armed Forces Abroad 1798-2008, 10
Institute for Economics and Peace, 13, 183. See also economic impact of wars
intelligence, time-sensitivity, 187
intention, 5–6
international community, 195
interventions, evaluating effectiveness, 185
intimidation and fear, 188
investing in long-term outcomes, 191–192
IRA (Irish Republican Army), 7–8, 141–144
Iran
Shah of, 24
umma’s fractures, 27
US intervention, 36
Al Qaeda, 37
civilian casualties, 97
civilian deaths, 13–14
Firdaus, 150
invasion, 37
Islamic state, 14–15
military expenditure, 110
military spending, 183
money spent on war, 165
Sunni Awakening Councils, 168
UN sanctions, 94
US invasion, 63
Ireland (Northern), 171
Irgun, 7
Irish rebels, 7
IS (Islamic State). See Daesh (Islamic State)
Islam
vs. democracy, 19
“good” vs. “bad,” 123
historical narrative, 17
vs. Islamism, 17
Maliki school, 127
principles, 52–55
religion, 5
remedy for violent extremism, 128
Islamic, terminology, 26
Islamic Empire
contributions, 25–26
decline, 26–27
Islamic feminism, 50
Islamic law, 17
Islamic movements, 20
Islamic sects, 128
Islamic State (Daesh). See Daesh (Islamic State)
Islamic world, decline, 29
Islamism
appeal to Muslim pride, 38
civil strife, 24
discontents, 24–25
Islamist identity, 31
Islamist organizations, 97
Islamist terror attacks, 4
Islamists
justice vs. injustice, 55
scandals, 142
Sunni, 9
Islamophobia, 78
Islam(ophobia) and terrorism, 77–82
Ismail, Gulalai, 146–147
isolation
addressing, 85
and difficulty assimilating, 77
and loneliness, 77
phenomenon, 72
Israel, 12, 151. See also Middle East
Israeli athletes, massacre, 8
Israeli forces, 94
Israeli settlers, 34
ITIC (International Tax and Investment Center), 37
J
Jamal, Basit, 128–134, 190, 196
Japanese kamikaze pilots, 8
Jewish Defense League, 84
Jewish homeland, Palestine, 33
jihad, 20, 54, 60, 133, 150. See also United States of Jihad
Jihad Jane, 75
Jihad vs McWorld, 32
“Jihadi Cool,” 72
jihadism and Islamic State, 50
jihadists
statistics, 77
UK, 108–109
Jiujitsu, 115
Jordan
assassination of prime minister, 150–151
expulsion of Palestinians, 151
Hashemite Kingdom, 33
perception of earning options, 60
radicalization, 87
Jos North, 186
Jose de Almeida Santos, Paulo, 91
Journey to Extremism, 112, 122
K
Kabul, 61
Kahane, Meir, 84
kamikaze pilots, 8
Kania, John, 193
Karameh Towers high-rise, 171
Khan, Sadiq, 117
killing, references in Quranic verses, 22–23
Ki-moon, Ban, 112
King, Martin Luther, 102–103
King David Hotel bombing, 7
King Mohammed VI, 127
KKK (Ku Klux Klan), 154
knowledge gap, 27–30
Koltai, Steven R., 175
Koran, 74. See also Quran
Korea, South, 28
Korn, Judy, 155
Kramer, Mark, 193
Kruglanski, Arie, 78
L
Lahouaiej-Bouhlel, Mohamed, 46
Langtang North, 186
LaRose, Colleen, 75
Latin American insurgents, 8–9
Le Pen, Marine, 115
League of Nations mandate, 33
“learner” and “teacher,” Milgram experiment, 103–104
Lebanese people, 94
Lebanon. See also Middle East
election of 1985, 35
Hezbollah, 9
and Syria, 33
Lenin, Vladimir, 24
Les Beguines bar, 47
“Let them eat cake,” 6
Libya, 99
Lincoln, Abraham, 196
Lindh, John Walker, 75
London bombers (2005), 48
London Bridge attack (2017), 134
loneliness and isolation, 77
love, necessity, 151–155. See also God is love
#LoveAMuslimDay, 117
Lyons-Padilla, Sarah, 78
M
Magna Carta, 19
males, sexual frustration, 49
“malice” vs. “virtue,” 6
Maliki school of Islam, 127
The Management of Savagery, 57, 92, 115, 128
Manchester Arena, 46
Mandalay Bay Resort, 9
Mandela, Winnie and Nelson, 12, 128
Markle, Meghan, 4
Marti, Jose, 8
Marx, Karl, 24
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, 71–72
mass shootings, 9
McCants, William, 116
Mecca
Al Quraysh tribe, 18
Amir of, 33
extremists, 19–20
Grand Mosque, 52
to Medina, 132
Melton, Glennon Doyle, 77
Mernissi, Fatima, 49–50
Meserole, Christopher, 116
“Message to the American People,” 93. See also America
“Message to the Peoples of Europe,” 98. See also Europe
Michaelis, Arno, 152–154
Michigan, airport police, 51
Middle East. See also Israel; Lebanon
conflict, 35–36
history, 31–32
Soviet policy, 35
Middle East Partnership Initiative, 183–184
Milgram experiment, 103–104, 135
military
abroad, 10
agent of social change, 192
“less is more” approach, 16
vs. police, 160–161
response to complaints, 187
spending in Iraq, 183
Mindanao, 170–171
miracles of prophets, 131
mirror of terrorism, 104–105
MNLF (Moro National Liberation Front), 169
models, inventing and building, 191–193
Mohamed Kelli, Heval, 154–155
Momastery blogger, 77
moral humility, 6
moral overconfidence, 103
Moroccan model, 125–128
Morocco vs. Moroccans, 81–84
Mosaddegh, Mohammad, 36
Mossad (Israeli Intelligence agency), 37, 129
motive, lack of, 9
Mozambique, 141
mujahedeen, 37
Munich Olympics (1972), 8, 151
murderer vs. warrior, 101 murshidat, 126
Musab al-Zarqawi, Abu, 47
Muslim Brotherhood, 23–24
Muslim world, economy and politics, 36–37
Muslims. See also Rohingya Muslims; Shiite Muslims
democracy and religious diversity, 83
elites, 38
Europe, 79–80
Germany, 83
number of, 17
population in America, 79
religious discrimination against, 79
self-identification, 4
thinkers, 26
Western apathy, 98
Myanmar, Rohingya Muslims, 6
N
Nairobi bombings, 93
Nangarhar Province, 52
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 23
nation (umma), 20–21
National Human Development Initiative, 127
National Institute of Demographic Studies, 81
nationalism
nurturing, 116–117
and socialism, 38
Nazi sympathizers, 4–5
Neem foundation, 124
negative and positive peace, 181–182
Neo-Nazi political party, 66, 155
Nestle, 176
Neumann, Peter, 15
New York magazine, 3
New York Times, 3
New York, Times Square car bombing, 47
NGOs (nongovernmental organizations), 176
Nice, Bastille Day parade, 46
Niger, Search in, 187
Nigeria. See also Boko Haram
Boko Haram militants, 53
First Bank, 69
long-term defeat of Boko Haram, 123
North-East, 174
“Not Too Young To Run” campaign, 146
security forces and Search, 185–186
social impact bonds, 177–178
statistics, 58–59
terrorism deaths, 13
unemployment rate, 172–173
USAID programs, 110–111
“Nigerian prince” emails, 62
Noah, Trevor, 4
Nobel Peace Prize, 12
Nohria, Nitin, 103
non-observant human beings, 51–52
nonprofits, working with, 191–192
non-state actors, 10
North Africa, 81
Norway, 126
Nosair, El-Sayyid, 84
“Not Too Young To Run” campaign, Nigeria, 146
NSM (National Socialist Movement), 66
NYPD Intelligence Division, 73, 79–80
O
Obama, Michelle, 11
OECD Organisation for Co-operation and Development), 14
OIC (Organization of the Islamic Conference), 12
ORB International, 58
Örell, Robert, 155–156
Osborne, Darren, 51
“output” vs. “outcome,” 138
P
Pacific region, population, 31
Paddock, Stephen, 9
PAIMAN theory of change, 160–161
Palestine. See also Hamas
case of, 33–34
Hamas, 63
Jewish homeland, 33
Palestinian Authority, expenditures, 171
Palestinians
exile by Jews, 94
expulsion from Jordan, 151
Israeli aggression, 12
refugees, 33–34
terrorism, 8–9
Pallotta, Dan, 195
Paris, Bataclan theater shooting, 46–47
Partners, Daesh Business Model Canvas, 167
“The Party of God,” 3
passport, renewing, 86
P/CVE (preventing and countering violent extremism), 137–140, 165, 185, 191, 194–195. See also CVE (countering violent extremism); extremism; violence
peace
investing in, 174–177
positive and negative, 181–182
putting to work, 169–172
Peace and Security Funding Index, 184
Peace Corps, 184
peace-building efforts, 124–125, 138, 145
Peacemaker 360, 146
Pearl Harbor attack, 10
Pentagon, SMA (Strategic Multilayer Assessment) program, 66–67
Persian Gulf blockade, Britain, 36
Pew Research Center study, 79
Pharaoh, story of, 132
Philippines, 170
PKS (Prosperous Justice Party), 142–143
PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization), 151–152, 169
Plum Village, 44
poison, testing effectiveness, 91
police vs. military, 160–161
political participation, 160
political terror, 14, 111–112. See also terrorism
polymaths, 26
Porter, Michael, 193
Porter, Wayne, 104
positive messaging, 189
“poverty equals terrorism,” 63. See also terrorism
“power,” perception, 196
PPP (purchasing power parity), 182
Prelis, Saji, 146–147
President Eisenhower, 35
The President Palestinian reality show, 145
Prevent strategy, 125
prevention, effectiveness, 139, 157–158, 184–187
Prince Harry, 4
“Prison-preneurship” program, 175
program efficacy, 185–186
“Project ReSource,” 156
propaganda videos, 72
property, investing in, 174–177
Prophet Yusuf, 131
prophets
emulating, 133
miracles, 131
protector, reinforcing role of, 109
Protestants and Catholics, 172
PSAs (production sharing agreements), 37
“Punish a Muslim Day,” 117
PVE (preventing violent extremism), 123, 140, 163, 185–186. See also extremism; violence
PWA (“The Plateau Will Arise!”), 185–187
Q
Qabil and Habil, 131
Qannam, Waad, 145–146
Quran. See also Koran
allegorical interpretation, 27
bellicose verses, 20
Boko Haram militants, 53
contradictions, 130–131
enemies and friendship, 196
introduction in prison, 123
memorization, 122
parables, 189–190
“reformers” vs. “Corrupters,” 90
story of Pharaoh, 132
studying, 130–131
ulama (religious scholars), 22
umma (community, nation), 21
Quranic verses, 115
R
radical idealism, 144–147
radicalization. See also deradicalization empathy and intuitive thinking, 157
preventing, 71
of religion, 55
and unemployment, 64
Radicalization, Laïcité, and the Islamic Veil, 116
Radicalization in the West: The Homegrown Threat, 73, 79
radicals and inclusion, 141–144
Ramadan (2017), 52
Ramos, Fidel, 170
RAND Corporation study, 107–108
“The Real Housewives of ISIS,” 72
reality television, 145–146
Red Brigades, 8
refugee crises, 98–99
Reign of Terror, 6
religion. See also spiritual redemption discrimination, 79
as façade, 52
radicalization, 55
sectarian competitiveness, 27
stereotypes, 6
religious groups, 108
RENAMO (Resistencia Nacional Mozambicana), 141
retribution, seeking, 51
revenge, 108–109
Revenue Streams, Daesh Business Model Canvas, 167
Reza Pahlavi, Mohammed, 36
Reza Shah, 36
Rice, Condoleezza, 12
Robespierre, Maximilien, 6
Rohingya Muslims, Myanmar, 6, 135. See also Muslims
ROI (return on investment), 138, 183
Romans, uprisings against, 7
Rosling, Hans, 173
Roy, Olivier, 50
Rumi, Jalaluddin, 126
Rumsfeld, Donald, 110, 113, 115
Russian Socialist Revolutionaries, 7
S
Saddam’s Baathists, 114
Salah al-Din province, 150
Salman Ramadan Abedi, 46
Salzburg Global Seminar (2015), 144
sanctions, 112. See also UN sanctions
Sang Su Kyi, Aung, 135
savagery, reformation, 18–19
SAVAK Iranian security police, 36
scientific research, 156
scientific revolution, Europe, 27
Search for Common Ground (Search), 145, 176–177, 183–187
security agents, improving relations, 186
Security Council Resolution (2001), 101
security measures, 110
selective compassion, 98–101. See also compassionate counterterrorism; empathy
separatist terrorism, 4. See also terrorism
September 11th Commission, 73. See also 9/11
serial bomber, 9. See also bombings
Shah, Zahir, 91
Shahzad, Faisal, 47
shame, 51
Shared Value approach, 176
Shiite Muslims, 9. See also Muslims
Shiite Safavids, 27
Shiite-Sunni schism, 20
SIBs (social impact bonds), 177–179
Signposts on the Road, 24
Silke, Andrew, 108–109
Singer, Tania, 156
SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute), 110, 184
situationism, 102
Skoll World Forum for Social Entrepreneurship, 172–173
Slachmuijlder, Lena, 184–185, 196
SMA (Strategic Multilayer Assessment) program, Pentagon, 66–67
soccer as unifier, 162
social change, 195
social exclusion, 75. See also inclusion social networks, 86
social responsibility, 139
social services and weak states, 63–64
socialism and nationalism, 38
“soft power” diplomacy, 110
Somers, Bart, 157–160
The Soufan Group, 15
Souli, Aslam, 145
South Africa, Apartheid, 12
South Korea, 28
Soviet policy, Middle East, 35
Soviet-Afghan War, 37
spiritual leaders, 188–189
spiritual redemption, 48–51. See also religion
spirituality, cultivating and deepening, 128–129
sports and development, 162–163
Sri Lanka, 176–177
Sri Lankan Tamil Tiger rebels, 8
SROI (social return on investment), 138
Stalin, Joseph, 7
Stanford prison experiment, 102
START (Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism), 13
statistics
Afghanistan, 58
American population, 96
attacks and shootings, 4
bombings, 10–11
border security, 14
Daesh fighters, 15
death by drone, 11
deaths due to political terror, 14
decline in terrorism, 13
ending terrorist groups, 107–108
extremist groups, 77
fatalities of innocent civilians, 13
homegrown jihadists, 77
Japanese kamikaze pilots, 8
Muslims in America, 79
Nazi sympathizers, 5
Nigeria, 58–59
number of incidents, 13
risk of Muslim radicalization, 17–18
Tunisian FTFs, 65
“War on Terror,” 10
white nationalists, 5
Stern, Jessica, 62–63
Stewart, Jon, 85
strategies and tactics, 32, 50, 67, 104, 110, 182, 196
suffering, lack of empathy, 99–100
Sufism, 126–127
Suharto, 142
suicide bombings, 8. See also bombings sunnah (way of the Prophet), 21
Sunni Awakening Councils, Iraq, 168
Sunni Islamists, 9
Sunni Mughal Central Asian Empire, 27
Sunni Ottoman Empire, 27
“Superheroes Inspired by Islam,” 3
Swedes, deradicalization, 155–156
Sykes-Picot agreement (1916), 32
Syria
partitioning, 32–33
terrorism deaths, 13
systems mapping, 193
T
Tabrizi, Shams, 126
tactics and strategies, 32, 50, 67, 104, 110, 182, 196
Tamil Tiger rebels, Sri Lanka, 8
Tata Madiba, 12
“teacher” and “learner,” Milgram experiment, 103–104
TED Talks, Al-Mutawa, Naif, 3–4
territorial encroachment, 114
terrorism. See also domestic terrorism; political terror; “poverty equals terrorism”; separatist terrorism
accelerator, 166–169
Basques, 4
circumstantial motivation, 10
contemporary, 13–16
Corsican, 4
decline, 13
defeating, 185
discourse, 5
“halal theory,” 73
ideological inspiration, 21
and Islam(ophobia), 77–82
killing, 111–113
“lone wolf,” 73
mirror of, 104–105
“ours,” 157–160
phenomenon, 7
and poverty, 165
recruits, 57–58
roots, 44–45
as tactic, 196
terminology timeline, 6–9
turning points, 8
zenith, 7
Terrorism Convention of the Organization of the Islamic Conference, 12
terrorist attacks, 4
terrorist states, 10
terrorists
archetypes, 70
characteristics, 52–53
Hall of Shame, 45–48
influences, 67–68
moral justifications used by, 62
recruits, 67–68
stereotypes, 45
“the terrorist’s son,” 84
Times Square car bombing, New York, 47
tourism, contribution to GDP, 176–177
Transjordan, 33
tribal practices, inhumanity, 18
Tsar Alexander II, 7
Tsarnaev, Jahar, 47
Tsarnaev, Tamerlan, 74–75
Tunisia
Daesh fighter, 15
radicalization, 116
underemployment, 65
Twitter, 4–5
Twitter feeds, 109
U
Ukraine, Champions League (2018), 162 ulama (religious scholars), 21–22 umma (community, nation), 20–22, 125
UN (United Nations)
2017 counterterrorism report, 45
Arab Human Development Reports, 28–30
motivation of FTFs, 59
Security Youth Resolution 2419, 146
“terrorism” terminology, 5
UN sanctions, 94. See also sanctions
UNCCT (United Nations Centre for Counter-Terrorism), 59, 62, 139
underemployment, 65
underwear bomber, 70
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), 111, 122
unemployment and radicalization, 64, 108–109
UNESCO peace publication, 101
United States of Jihad, 73–74. See also jihad
UNOCT (UN Counter-Terrorism Centre), 53–54
UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency), 33–34
Urdu, 4
URU organization, 184
US (United States)
intervention in Iran, 36
military assistance, 38–39
US Foreign Aid budget, 175
US meddling, potential, 34–39
US military, “drop from exhaustion,” 182
US State Department, 10
USIP (United States Institute of Peace), 70–71, 81
Valentine’s Day, banning, 3
Value Proposition, Daesh Business Model Canvas, 167–168
Vilvoorde, 157–160
violence. See also CVE (countering violent extremism); P/CVE (preventing and countering violent extremism); PVE (preventing violent extremism)
begetting violence, 99
condemning, 5
costs, 182
and disconnection, 76–77
and extremism, 101
limiting, 22
violent extremism. See also extremism driver, 62–63
lessons learned, 189–191
vs. religion, 6
“virtue” vs. “malice,” 6
VPN (Violence Prevention Network), 155
W
Wahhabi religious sect, 21–22
WANA (West Asia North Africa Institute), 60, 87
war of 1812, 10
“War on Terror,” 9–10
warrior vs. murderer, 101
wars, economic impact, 182
weak states and social services, 63–64
Welby, Justin, 134–135
West Point, CTC (Combating Terrorism Center), 54
Western colonialism, 31–39
What Is to Be Done? 24
white nationalists, 4–5, 153–154
White Right: Meeting the Enemy, 66
Wilders, Geert, 115
Will Box for Passport, 75
WMDs (weapons of mass destruction), 37
women. See also gender; Yazidi women attraction to extremist groups, 75
Morocco, 126
World Economic Forum at Davos (2018), 151
World Trade Center bombing (1993), 84
World War I, 7
Y
Yazidi women, 91. See also women
Yemen, 70
Young, Jaelyn, 76–77
Yousafzai, Malala, 147
Youth, Economics and Violence, 144
youth, political engagement, 144–146
Youth as Agents of Peace and Stability, 150
Yusuf, Abu, 100
Z
Zenko, Micah, 10
Zionist group, 7