Contents

Foreword

Preface

Introduction

What’s New in the Fourth Edition

Who Should Read This Book

The Purpose of This Book

How to Read This Book

How This Book Is Organized

A Word about the Examples and Techniques in This Book

PART I: RELATIONAL DATABASE DESIGN

Chapter 1: The Relational Database

Topics Covered in This Chapter

What Is a Database?

The Relational Database

Retrieving Data

Advantages of a Relational Database

Relational Database Management Systems

What’s Next?

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 2: Design Objectives

Topics Covered in This Chapter

Why Should You Be Concerned with Database Design?

The Importance of Theory

The Advantage of Learning a Good Design Methodology

Objectives of Good Design

Benefits of Good Design

Database-Design Methods

Traditional Design Methods

The Design Method Presented in This Book

Normalization

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 3: Terminology

Topics Covered in This Chapter

Why This Terminology Is Important

Value-Related Terms

Data

Information

Null

The Value of Null

The Problem with Null

Structure-Related Terms

Table

Field

Record

View

Keys

Index

Relationship-Related Terms

Relationships

Types of Relationships

Types of Participation

Degree of Participation

Integrity-Related Terms

Field Specification

Data Integrity

Summary

Review Questions

PART II: THE DESIGN PROCESS

Chapter 4: Conceptual Overview

Topics Covered in This Chapter

The Importance of Completing the Design Process

Defining a Mission Statement and Mission Objectives

Analyzing the Current Database

Creating the Data Structures

Determining and Establishing Table Relationships

Determining and Defining Business Rules

Determining and Defining Views

Reviewing Data Integrity

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 5: Starting the Process

Topics Covered in This Chapter

Conducting Interviews

Participant Guidelines

Interviewer Guidelines (These Are for You)

Defining the Mission Statement

The Well-Written Mission Statement

Composing a Mission Statement

Defining the Mission Objectives

Well-Written Mission Objectives

Composing Mission Objectives

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 6: Analyzing the Current Database

Topics Covered in This Chapter

Getting to Know the Current Database

Paper-Based Databases

Legacy Databases

Conducting the Analysis

Looking at How Data Is Collected

Looking at How Information Is Presented

Conducting Interviews

Basic Interview Techniques

Before You Begin the Interview Process . . .

Interviewing Users

Reviewing Data Type and Usage

Reviewing the Samples

Reviewing Information Requirements

Interviewing Management

Reviewing Current Information Requirements

Reviewing Additional Information Requirements

Reviewing Future Information Requirements

Reviewing Overall Information Requirements

Compiling a Complete List of Fields

The Preliminary Field List

The Calculated Field List

Reviewing Both Lists with Users and Management

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 7: Establishing Table Structures

Topics Covered in This Chapter

Defining the Preliminary Table List

Identifying Implied Subjects

Using the List of Subjects

Using the Mission Objectives

Defining the Final Table List

Refining the Table Names

Indicating the Table Types

Composing the Table Descriptions

Associating Fields with Each Table

Refining the Fields

Improving the Field Names

Using an Ideal Field to Resolve Anomalies

Resolving Multipart Fields

Resolving Multivalued Fields

Refining the Table Structures

A Word about Redundant Data and Duplicate Fields

Using an Ideal Table to Refine Table Structures

Establishing Subset Tables

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 8: Keys

Topics Covered in This Chapter

Why Keys Are Important

Establishing Keys for Each Table

Candidate Keys

Primary Keys

Alternate Keys

Non-keys

Table-Level Integrity

Reviewing the Initial Table Structures

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 9: Field Specifications

Topics Covered in This Chapter

Why Field Specifications Are Important

Field-Level Integrity

Anatomy of a Field Specification

General Elements

Physical Elements

Logical Elements

Using Unique, Generic, and Replica Field Specifications

Defining Field Specifications for Each Field in the Database

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 10: Table Relationships

Topics Covered in This Chapter

Why Relationships Are Important

Types of Relationships

One-to-One Relationships

One-to-Many Relationships

Many-to-Many Relationships

Self-Referencing Relationships

Identifying Existing Relationships

Establishing Each Relationship

One-to-One and One-to-Many Relationships

The Many-to-Many Relationship

Self-Referencing Relationships

Reviewing the Structure of Each Table

Refining All Foreign Keys

Elements of a Foreign Key

Establishing Relationship Characteristics

Defining a Deletion Rule for Each Relationship

Identifying the Type of Participation for Each Table

Identifying the Degree of Participation for Each Table

Verifying Table Relationships with Users and Management

A Final Note

Relationship-Level Integrity

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 11: Business Rules

Topics Covered in This Chapter

What Are Business Rules?

Types of Business Rules

Categories of Business Rules

Field-Specific Business Rules

Relationship-Specific Business Rules

Defining and Establishing Business Rules

Working with Users and Management

Defining and Establishing Field-Specific Business Rules

Defining and Establishing Relationship-Specific Business Rules

Validation Tables

What Are Validation Tables?

Using Validation Tables to Support Business Rules

Reviewing the Business Rule Specifications Sheets

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 12: Views

Topics Covered in This Chapter

What Are Views?

Anatomy of a View

Data View

Aggregate View

Validation View

Determining and Defining Views

Working with Users and Management

Defining Views

Reviewing the Documentation for Each View

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 13: Reviewing Data Integrity

Topics Covered in This Chapter

Why You Should Review Data Integrity

Reviewing and Refining Data Integrity

Table-Level Integrity

Field-Level Integrity

Relationship-Level Integrity

Business Rules

Views

Assembling the Database Documentation

Done at Last!

Summary

PART III: OTHER DATABASE DESIGN ISSUES

Chapter 14: Bad Design—What Not to Do

Topics Covered in This Chapter

“Flat-File” Design

Spreadsheet Design

Dealing with the Spreadsheet View Mindset

Database Design Based on the Database Software

A Final Thought

Summary

Chapter 15: Bending or Breaking the Rules

Topics Covered in This Chapter

When May You Bend or Break the Rules?

Designing an Analytical Database

Improving Processing Performance

Documenting Your Actions

Summary

Chapter 16: In Closing

PART IV: APPENDIXES

Appendix A: Answers to Review Questions

Appendix B: Diagram of the Database Design Process

Appendix C: Design Guidelines

Appendix D: Documentation Forms

Appendix E: Database-Design Diagram Symbols

Appendix F: Sample Designs

Appendix G: On Normalization

Appendix H: Recommended Reading

Glossary

References

Index

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