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Architectural Considerations for High Availability
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Architectural Considerations for High Availability
by Ritesh Modi, Oliver Michalski, Jan-Henrik Damaschke, Florian Klaffenbach
Deployment of Microsoft Azure Cloud Solutions
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Deployment of Microsoft Azure Cloud Solutions
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Preface
Who This Book Is For
What This Book Covers
To Get the Most out of This Book
What You Need for This Book
Conventions
Get in Touch
Reviews
Getting Started with Azure Implementation
Service Models
Deployment Models
Cloud Characteristics
Microsoft Azure
Azure Services Overview
Azure Basics
Azure Resource Manager
Resources
Azure Regions
Azure Portal
Azure Automation
Azure Automation Tools
REST APIs
Summary
Azure Resource Manager and Tools
Understanding the Azure Resource Manager
Functionalities Provided by the Azure Resource Manager
Working with the Azure Resource Manager
Creating an Azure Resource Group
Adding a Resource to an Azure Resource Group
First Approach: Adding a Storage Account to your Azure Resource Group
Second Approach: Adding a Storage Account to your Azure Resource Group
Third Approach: Adding a Storage Account to your Azure Resource Group
Tagging in the Azure Resource Manager
Locking Azure resources
Azure Resource Locks
Working with ARM Templates
Exporting a Deployment as an ARM Template (for IT pros)
Example 1:  Exporting a Resource Group to an ARM Template
Example 2:  Exporting a Resource (from the Deployment History) to an ARM Template
Example 3:  Exporting a Resource (Classic) to an ARM Template
Modifying an ARM Template
Authoring an ARM Template
Creating your own ARM Template (for Developers)
Azure Resource Explorer
Summary
Deploying and Synchronizing Azure Active Directory
Azure Active Directory
Azure Active Directory Options
Azure AD Free
Azure AD Basic
Azure AD Premium P1
Deploying a Custom Azure AD
Adding Accounts and Groups to Azure AD
Installing Azure AD Connect: Prerequisites
Installing Basic Azure AD Connect Environment
Azure AD Connect High Available Infrastructure
Summary
Implementing Azure Networks
Azure Networking Limits
Azure Networking Components
Azure Virtual Networks (VNet)
VNet Peering
Azure VPN Gateways
Azure Local Gateway
Azure ExpressRoute
Azure Global Points of Presence
National Azure Points of Presence
Azure Connections
Azure Routes
Azure Third-Party Network Devices
Azure Load Balancer
Hash-Based Distribution
Port Forwarding
Automatic Reconfiguration
Service Monitoring
Azure Application Gateways
Azure Traffic Manager
Azure DNS
Setting up Azure Networks
Setting up Azure VNet
Setting up Azure Virtual Network Site-to-Site VPN
Configuring Local Network Gateway
Configuring Azure Virtual Network Gateway
Configuring Connection Between Local and Virtual Network Gateways
Setting up Azure Virtual Network with MPLS and ExpressRoute
Configuring Azure Virtual Network Gateway
Configuring Azure ExpressRoute Circuit
Configuring Connection Between ExpressRoute Circuit and Azure Virtual Gateway
Setting up Azure VNet Peering
Preparing the Deployment
Configuring VNet Peering
Configuring Custom Routes
Configuring Third-Party Network Appliances
Common Azure Network Architectures
Summary
Implementing and Securing Azure Storage Accounts
Storage Accounts
General Purpose Storage Account
Blob Storage Account
Replication and Redundancy
Locally Redundant Storage
Zone-Redundant Storage
Geo-Redundant Storage
Read-Access Geo-Redundant Storage
Azure Storage Services
Blob Storage Services
Table Storage Services
Queue Storage Services
File Storage Services
Access Keys
Exploring Azure Storage with Azure Storage Explorer
Premium Storage Account
Premium Storage Requirements
Pricing
Summary
Planning and Deploying Virtual Machines in Azure
Azure Virtual Machine Types
A-series Virtual Machines
D-series and DS-series Virtual Machines
F-series and FS-series Virtual Machines
G-series and GS-series Virtual Machines
H-series Virtual Machines
NV-series and NC-series Virtual Machines
NV Virtual Machines
NC Virtual Machines
Ls-series Virtual Machines
Virtual Machine Extensions
Managed Disks
Availability Sets
Deploying a Virtual Machine in Azure
Accessing a Virtual Machine in Azure
Changing IP and DNS Settings
Common Scenarios for Virtual Machines
Optimization of Azure Related Communication Traffic
On-demand Usage for Calculations
Disaster Recovery for On-Premises Servers
Summary
Implementing Azure Cloud Services
What is an Azure Cloud Service?
Understanding the Cloud Service Architecture
Roles
The Service Endpoint
Going Deeper into the Cloud Services
Service Definition File
LoadBalancerProbes
WebRole
WorkerRole
NetworkTrafficRules
Service Configuration File
Role
NetworkConfiguration
Azure Cloud Services versus other Azure PaaS Offerings, such as Azure App Services
Selection of a Guest OS and an Update Level
Selection of an Azure Series
Series A
Series D
series F
series G
series N
Series H
In a nutshell
Creating your first Azure cloud service
Part 1
Part 2
Summary
Implementing Azure Container Service
What is an Azure Container Service?
Understanding Containers
Cluster
Orchestrator
Mesosphere DC/OS
Docker Swarm
Kubernetes
Creating your First Azure Container Service
How to Work with Your Azure Container Service Cluster
Summary
Implementing Azure Security
Azure Identity Security
Azure Active Directory
Azure Active Directory Editions
Privileged Identity Management
Identity Protection
Detection of Vulnerabilities and Potential Risky Accounts
Investigation of Potential Suspicious Events
Multi-factor Authentication
Conditional Access
Resource Security
Role-Based Access Control
Resource Tags and Policies
Azure Network Security
Network Security Groups
Priority
Source
Destination
Network Virtual Appliances
Azure Storage Security
Key Management
Shared Access Signatures
Service-Level SAS
Account-Level SAS
Storage Encryption
Storage Account Encryption
Azure Disk Encryption
Logging and Monitoring
Azure Logs
Azure Security Center
Summary
Azure Design Patterns
Azure Zones and Regions
Availability of Resources
Data and Privacy Compliance
Performance of Applications
Cost of Running Applications
Virtual Network
Architectural Considerations for Virtual Networks
Benefits of Virtual Networks
Virtual Network Design
Connecting to Resources within the Same Region and Subscription
Connecting to Resources within the Same Region in Another Subscription
Connecting to Resources in Different Regions in Another Subscription
Connecting to On-Premise Data Centers
Storage
Storage Categories
Storage Types
Storage Features
Architectural Considerations for Storage Accounts
Design Patterns
Messaging Patterns
Competing Consumers
Priority Queue
Queue-Based Load Leveling Pattern
Performance and Scalability patterns
The Command and Query Responsibility Segregation (CQRS) Pattern
Throttling Pattern
Other Patterns
Retry Pattern
Circuit Breaker Pattern
Summary
Designing High Availability
High Availability
SLA
Factors Affecting High Availability
Planned Maintenance
Unplanned Maintenance
Application Deployment Architecture
High Availability versus scalability
High Availability versus Disaster Recovery
Azure High Availability
Concepts
Availability Sets
Fault Domain
Update Domain
Availability Zones
Load Balancing
Virtual Machine High Availability
Computing High Availability
Storage High Availability
PaaS High Availability
Application High Availability
Load Balancing
Azure Load Balancers
Public Load Balancing
Internal Load Balancing
Port Forwarding
Azure Application Gateways
Azure Traffic Manager
Architectural Considerations for High Availability
High Availability within Azure regions
High Availability across Azure regions
Best Practices
Application High Availability
Deployment
Data Management
Monitoring
Summary
Implementing Scalability
Scalability
Scalability versus Performance
Azure Scalability
Concepts
Scaling
Scaling Up
Scaling Down
Scaling Out
Scaling In
Auto Scaling
PaaS Scalability
PaaS Scaling Up and Down
PaaS Scaling Out and In
IaaS Scalability
Virtual Machine Scale Sets
VMSS Architecture
VMSS Scaling
Horizontal versus Vertical Scaling
Capacity
Auto Scaling
Upgrades
Application Updates
Guest Updates
Image Updates
Scaling Best Practices
Prefer Scaling Out
Bare Metal versus Dormant Instances
Configuring Maximum and Minimum Number of Instances Appropriately
Concurrency
Stateless
Caching and CDN
N+1 Design
Summary
Designing IoT Solutions
IoT
IoT Architecture
Connectivity
Identity
Capture
Ingestion
Storage
Transform
Analytics
Presentation
Azure IoT
Identity
Capture
Ingestion
Storage
Transform and Analytics
Presentation
IoT Hubs
Protocols
Device Registration
Message Management
Device to Cloud Messaging
Cloud to Device Messaging
Security
Security in IoT
Scalability
Sku Edition
Units
High Availability
Summary
Designing and Implementing Data Solutions
Azure SQL
Azure SQL Availability
Azure SQL Security
Elastic Pools
Azure SQL Scaling Out
Stream Analytics
Data Sources
Data Integration
Data Transformation
Stream Analytics Engine
Storage and Presentation
Architecture
Azure Data Factory
Data Sources
Data Transformation
Publish and Presentation
Using Data Factory
Azure Data Lake
Azure Data Lake store
Data Lake Security
Data Lake Performance
Azure Data Lake Analytics
Azure SQL Data Warehouse
Table Storage
Summary
Designing and Implementing Serverless Solutions
A Short History of Serverless
Serverless
Principles of Serverless Technology
Lower Cost
Event-Driven
Single Responsibility
Execute Quickly
Azure Functions or Functions-as-a-Service (FaaS)
Azure Functions Runtime, Bindings, and Triggers
Azure Function Runtime
Azure Function Binding and Triggers
Azure Function Proxies
Monitoring
Authentication and Authorization
Azure Function Configuration
Platform Configuration
App Services Function Settings
Azure Function Cost Plans
Azure Functions Advantages
Azure Functions Use Cases
Implementing Microservices
Integration Between Multiple Endpoints
Data Processing
Integrating Legacy Applications
Scheduled Jobs
Communication Gateways
Types of Azure Functions
Creating Your first Azure Function
Creating an Event-Driven Function
Creating a Connected Architecture with Functions
Summary
Designing Policies, Locks, and Tags
Azure Tags
Tags with PowerShell
Tags with the ARM Template
Resource Groups versus Resources
Azure Policies
Built-in Policies
Policy Language
Allowed Fields
Azure Locks
Azure RBAC
Custom Roles
How is it Different from RBAC?
Examples of Implementing Azure Governance Features
Background
Role-Based Access Control
Summary
DevOps on Azure
What is DevOps?
DevOps Practices
Configuration Management
Desired State Configuration
Chef, Puppet, and Ansible
Azure Resource Manager Templates
Continuous Integration
Build Automation
Test Automation
Packaging
Continuous Deployment
Test Environment Deployment
Test Automation
Staging Environment Deployment
Acceptance Tests
Deployment to Production
Continuous Delivery
Continuous Learning
Visual Studio Team Services
Team Foundation Version Control
GIT
Preparing for DevOps
Provision VSTS Account
Provision Azure Key Vault
Provisioning a Configuration Management Server
Provisioning Log Analytics
Azure Storage Account
Images
Monitoring Tools
Management tools
DevOps for PaaS Solutions
Azure App Services
Deployment Slots
Azure SQL
Build and Release Pipeline
DevOps for Virtual Machine (IaaS) Based Solutions
Azure Virtual Machine
Azure Public Load Balancer
Build Pipeline
Release Pipeline
DevOps for Container Based (IaaS) Solutions
Containers
Docker
DockerFile
Build Pipeline
Release Pipeline
Azure Automation
Provision Azure Automation Account
Author DSC Configuration
Importing DSC Configuration
Compiling DSC Configuration
Assigning Configuration to Nodes
Browse the Server
Azure for DevOps
Summary
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Azure Traffic Manager
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High Availability within Azure regions
Architectural Considerations for High Availability
In this section, we will go through some of the architectures for High Availability.
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