- Cover Page
- About This eBook
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Dedication Page
- Contents at a Glance
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- About the Authors
- Chapter 1. Signals and Spectra
- Chapter 2. Formatting and Baseband Modulation
- 2.1 Baseband Systems
- 2.2 Formatting Textual Data (Character Coding)
- 2.3 Messages, Characters, and Symbols
- 2.4 Formatting Analog Information
- 2.5 Sources of Corruption
- 2.6 Pulse Code Modulation
- 2.7 Uniform and Nonuniform Quantization
- 2.8 Baseband Transmission
- 2.9 Correlative Coding
- 2.10 Conclusion
- References
- Problems
- Questions
- Chapter 3. Baseband Demodulation/Detection
- Chapter 4. Bandpass Modulation and Demodulation/Detection
- 4.1 Why Modulate?
- 4.2 Digital Bandpass Modulation Techniques
- 4.3 Detection of Signals in Gaussian Noise
- 4.4 Coherent Detection
- 4.5 Noncoherent Detection
- 4.6 Complex Envelope
- 4.7 Error Performance for Binary Systems
- 4.8 M-ary Signaling and Performance
- 4.9 Symbol Error Performance for M-ary Systems (M>2)
- 4.10 Conclusion
- References
- Problems
- Questions
- Chapter 5. Communications Link Analysis
- 5.1 What the System Link Budget Tells the System Engineer
- 5.2 The Channel
- 5.3 Received Signal Power and Noise Power
- 5.4 Link Budget Analysis
- 5.5 Noise Figure, Noise Temperature, and System Temperature
- 5.6 Sample Link Analysis
- 5.7 Satellite Repeaters
- 5.8 System Trade-Offs
- 5.9 Conclusion
- References
- Problems
- Questions
- Chapter 6. Channel Coding: Part 1: Waveform Codes and Block Codes
- Chapter 7. Channel Coding: Part 2: Convolutional Codes and Reed–Solomon Codes
- 7.1 Convolutional Encoding
- 7.2 Convolutional Encoder Representation
- 7.3 Formulation of the Convolutional Decoding Problem
- 7.4 Properties of Convolutional Codes
- 7.5 Other Convolutional Decoding Algorithms
- 7.6 Reed–Solomon Codes
- 7.7 Interleaving and Concatenated Codes
- 7.8 Coding and Interleaving Applied to the Compact Disc Digital Audio System
- 7.9 Conclusion
- References
- Problems
- Questions
- Chapter 8. Channel Coding: Part 3: Turbo Codes and Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) Codes
- 8.1 Turbo Codes
- 8.2 Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) Codes
- Appendix 8A: The Sum of Log-Likelihood Ratios
- Appendix 8B: Using Bayes’ Theorem to Simplify the Bit Conditional Probability
- Appendix 8C: Probability that a Binary Sequence Contains an Even Number of Ones
- Appendix 8D: Simplified Expression for the Hyperbolic Tangent of the Natural Log of a Ratio of Binary Probabilities
- Appendix 8E: Proof that ϕ(x) = ϕ–1(x)
- Appendix 8F: Bit Probability Initialization
- References
- Problems
- Questions
- Chapter 9. Modulation and Coding Trade-Offs
- 9.1 Goals of the Communication System Designer
- 9.2 Error-Probability Plane
- 9.3 Nyquist Minimum Bandwidth
- 9.4 Shannon–Hartley Capacity Theorem
- 9.5 Bandwidth-Efficiency Plane
- 9.6 Modulation and Coding Trade-Offs
- 9.7 Defining, Designing, and Evaluating Digital Communication Systems
- 9.8 Bandwidth-Efficient Modulation
- 9.9 Trellis-Coded Modulation
- 9.10 Conclusion
- References
- Problems
- Questions
- Chapter 10. Synchronization
- 10.1 Receiver Synchronization
- 10.2 Synchronous Demodulation
- 10.3 Loop Filters, Control Circuits, and Acquisition
- 10.4 Phase-Locked Loop Timing Recovery
- 10.5 Frequency Recovery Using a Frequency-Locked Loop (FLL)
- 10.6 Effects of Phase and Frequency Offsets
- 10.7 Conclusion
- References
- Problems
- Questions
- Chapter 11. Multiplexing and Multiple Access
- Chapter 12. Spread-Spectrum Techniques
- Chapter 13. Source Coding
- Chapter 14. Fading Channels
- 14.1 The Challenge of Communicating over Fading Channels
- 14.2 Characterizing Mobile-Radio Propagation
- 14.3 Signal Time Spreading
- 14.4 Time Variance of the Channel Caused by Motion
- 14.5 Mitigating the Degradation Effects of Fading
- 14.6 Summary of the Key Parameters Characterizing Fading Channels
- 14.7 Applications: Mitigating the Effects of Frequency-Selective Fading
- 14.8 Conclusion
- References
- Problems
- Questions
- Chapter 15. The ABCs of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing)
- 15.1 What Is OFDM?
- 15.2 Why OFDM?
- 15.3 Getting Started with OFDM
- 15.4 Our Wish List (Preference for Flat Fading and Slow Fading)
- 15.5 Conventional Multi-Channel FDM versus Multi-Channel OFDM
- 15.6 The History of the Cyclic Prefix (CP)
- 15.7 OFDM System Block Diagram
- 15.8 Zooming in on the IDFT
- 15.9 An Example of OFDM Waveform Synthesis
- 15.10 Summarizing OFDM Waveform Synthesis
- 15.11 Data Constellation Points Distributed over the Subcarrier Indexes
- 15.12 Hermitian Symmetry
- 15.13 How Many Subcarriers Are Needed?
- 15.14 The Importance of the Cyclic Prefix (CP) in OFDM
- 15.15 An Early OFDM Application: Wi-Fi Standard 802.11a
- 15.16 Cyclic Prefix (CP) and Tone Spacing
- 15.17 Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Use of OFDM
- 15.18 Drawbacks of OFDM
- 15.19 Single-Carrier OFDM (SC-OFDM) for Improved PAPR Over Standard OFDM
- 15.20 Conclusion
- References
- Problems
- Questions
- Chapter 16. The Magic of MIMO (Multiple Input/Multiple Output)
- Index
- Chapter 17. Encryption and Decryption
- Appendix A. A Review of Fourier Techniques
- Appendix B. Fundamentals of Statistical Decision Theory
- Appendix C. Response of a Correlator to White Noise
- Appendix D. Often-Used Identities
- Appendix E. S-Domain, Z-Domain, and Digital Filtering
- Appendix F. OFDM Symbol Formation with an N-Point Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT)
- Appendix G. List of Symbols
Digital Communications
Fundamentals and Applications
Third Edition
Bernard Sklar
fred harris
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