“Since the functions in the C runtime library are not part of the Win32 API, we believe the number of applications that will be affected by this bug to be very limited.”
Python’s standard library covers a wide range of modules. It includes everything from modules that are as much a part of the Python language as the types and statements defined by the language specification, to obscure modules that are probably useful only to a small number of programs.
This chapter describes a number of fundamental standard library modules. Any larger Python program is likely to use most of these modules, either directly or indirectly.
The following two modules are even more basic than all other modules combined: the
_ _builtin_ _
module, which defines built-in functions (like len
,
int
, and range
), and the
exceptions
module, which defines all built-in exceptions.
Python imports both modules when it starts up, and makes their content available for all programs.
There are a number of modules modeled after the POSIX standard API and the standard C library that provide platform-independent interfaces to the underlying operating system.
The modules in this group include os
, which provides file and
process operations, os.path
, which offers a
platform-independent way to pull apart and put together filenames,
and time
, which
provides functions to work with dates and times.
To some extent, networking and thread support modules could also belong in this group, but they are not supported by all Python implementations.
Several built-in types have support modules in the standard library.
The string
module implements commonly used string operations, the math
module provides math
operations and constants, and the cmath
module does the same for
complex numbers.
The re
module
provides regular expressions support for Python. Regular expressions
are string patterns written in a special syntax, which can be used to
match strings and extract substrings.
sys
gives you
access to various interpreter variables, such as the module search
path, and the interpreter version. operator
provides
functional equivalents to many built-in operators. copy
allows you to copy
objects. And finally, gc
gives you more control over
the garbage collector facilities in Python 2.0.
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