Home Page Icon
Home Page
Table of Contents for
I. DOS Fundamentals
Close
I. DOS Fundamentals
by Jim Cooper
Special Edition Using MS-DOS® 6.22, Third Edition
Copyright
About the Author
Tell Us What You Think!
INTRODUCTION
Who Should Read This Book?
What Hardware Do You Need?
What Versions Are Covered?
What Is Not Covered?
How Is This Book Organized?
Part I: DOS Fundamentals
Part II: Files and Directories
Part III: Controlling DOS
Part IV: Maximizing DOS
Appendixes
Conventions Used in This Book
I. DOS Fundamentals
1. DOS and the Personal Computer
DOS, Windows, and the PC
Other Flavors of DOS
PC Hardware
The PC Architecture
Computer Memory
Peripheral Devices
What Happens When the Power Is Turned On?
DOS and Random Access Memory
Conventional Memory
Expanded Memory
Extended Memory
DOS and Disks
2. Starting DOS
Booting Your Computer
Understanding the Boot Disk
Creating a Floppy Boot Disk
System Configuration
CONFIG.SYS
AUTOEXEC.BAT
Creating Multiple Configurations
Creating a Default Configuration
Displaying Color Menus
Using the Configuration Menu As a System Menu
Project: Controlling the Boot Process
3. Using DOS Commands
Understanding Dos Commands
Internal Versus External
Understanding the Elements of a DOS Command
The Command Syntax
The Command-Line Parameters
The Optional Switches
Getting Help
Using the Command-Line Help Switch
Using the Online Help System
Navigating the Help System
Printing a Topic
Searching for a Topic
Exiting the Help System
Issuing DOS Commands
Editing and Canceling Commands
Using Scroll Control
Using Wildcards in DOS Commands
Troubleshooting
4. Using the DOS Shell
What Is the DOS Shell?
Starting the DOS Shell
Using the Shell Interface
Selecting an Area
Moving Around an Area
Using the DOS Shell Menus
Using the Menu Bar
Using Pull-Down Menus
Using Keystroke Commands
Using Dialog Boxes
Using a Text Box
Using a List Box
Using Option Buttons
Using Option Check Boxes
Using Command Buttons
Modifying the View
Logging On to a Different Disk
Switching Between Dual and Single File Lists
Displaying All Files
Switching Between the Program List and the Program/File Lists
Using the Shell Screen Modes
Using the Program List
Working with Program Groups
Adding a Program Group
Modifying Program Group Properties
Deleting a Program Group
Changing the Order of a Group's Listings
Working with Program Items
Adding a Program Item
Modifying Program Items
Deleting a Program Item
Using Shortcut Keys
Working with Directories
Expanding and Collapsing Branches
Creating Directories
Working with Files
Selecting a Single File
Selecting Multiple Files
Selecting All Files
Deselecting All Files
Selecting Files Across Directories
Copying Files in the Shell
Moving a File in the Shell
Using the Shell to View a File
Associating Files with Programs
Using the Task Swapper
Project: Using the Help System
II. Files and Directories
5. Understanding Files and Directories
Introducing the DOS File System
Understanding Files
Understanding Filenames
Creating Filenames
Avoiding Reserved Names
Observing File-Naming Conventions
Understanding File Attributes
Changing File Attributes with the ATTRIB Command
Establishing Read-Only Files
Understanding the Role of Directories
Expanding the File System Through Subdirectories
Understanding Pathname Expressions
Creating Directories with MKDIR (MD)
Changing the Current Directory with CHDIR (CD)
Deleting Directories with RMDIR (RD)
Using DELTREE to Delete Directories
Renaming Directories
Helping DOS Find Files with PATH
Listing Directories with TREE
Using a Temporary Directory
Troubleshooting
6. Understanding Disks and Disk Drives
Understanding the Disk's Magnetic Storage Technique
Understanding Disk Drives
Hard Disk Drives
Floppy Disk Drives
Write-Protecting a Floppy Disk
Understanding the Dynamics of the Disk Drive
Disk Drive Heads
Disk Tracks
Disk Cylinders
Disk Sectors
Understanding Disk Formats
Floppy Disk Formats
Raw Capacity and Usable Capacity
Hard Disk Drive Formats
Understanding DoubleSpace
Installing DoubleSpace
Controlling the Operation of DoubleSpace
Displaying Compressed Drive Information
Changing the Size of a Compressed Drive
Changing the Compression Ratio
Formatting a Compressed Drive
Deleting a Compressed Drive
Creating a New Compressed Drive
Using Other DoubleSpace Features
Case Study: Adjusting for Drift
7. Preparing and Maintaining Disks
Understanding Disk Preparation
Preparing Floppy Disks with the FORMAT Command
Formatting Floppy Disks
FORMAT's Other Tasks
Using FORMAT's Switches
Performing a Quick Format (/Q)
Performing an Unconditional Format (/U)
Adding System Files (/S)
Preparing the Hard Disk
Dividing a Hard Disk with FDISK
Checking Partition Status
Partitioning a Drive
Formatting a Hard Disk
Disk Commands
Naming Disks with LABEL
Examining Volume Labels with VOL
Using SYS to Transfer the DOS System
Getting the Most Speed from Your Hard Disk
Using a Disk Cache (SMARTDrive)
Using FASTOPEN
Using a RAM Disk
Defragmenting Your Disk
Understanding the Effects of Fragmentation
Understanding the Basic Operation of DEFRAG
Getting the Most Space from Your Hard Disk
Deleting Unnecessary Files
Using File Compression
Archiving Files
Projects
Analyzing a Disk with CHKDSK
Analyzing a Disk with the SCANDISK Utility
8. Managing Your Files
Using DOS to Work with Files
Listing Files with the DIR Command
Issuing the DIR Command
Understanding the Operation of the DIR Command
Displaying a Screen of Information with the DIR Command
Using the Attributes Switch (/A)
Using the Order Switch (/O)
Using the /B and /L Switches
Searching for Files with the DIR Command
Customizing the DIR Command
Viewing Files
Understanding Types of Files
Using the TYPE Command to View Files
Copying Files
Using the COPY Command
Copying Groups of Files
Combining Text Files
Renaming Files with COPY
Copying from a Device to a File
Using the XCOPY Command
Understanding the Operation of XCOPY
Using XCOPY Effectively
Duplicating Disks with XCOPY
Duplicating a Directory Branch
Copying Entire Disks with DISKCOPY
Moving Files
Moving Directories and Files
Renaming Directories with MOVE
Setting Defaults for COPY, XCOPY, and MOVE
Renaming Files
Comparing Files
Comparing Files with FC
Understanding the Operation of FC
Using FC to Compare a Copied File to Its Original
Comparing Two Text Files
Comparing Disks with DISKCOMP
Deleting Files
Understanding the Delete Operation
Deleting Files from the Command Line
Deleting Unwanted Files
Using Interlnk to Share Another Computer's Resources
Setting Up Interlnk
Loading INTERLNK.EXE
Loading the Server
Establishing the Interlnk Connection
Using Interlnk to Transfer Files
Using a Remote Printer
Installing Interlnk Remotely
Running Programs Remotely
Case Study: Editing Files with Multiple Data Formats
9. Protecting Your Data
Avoiding Data Loss
Understanding Microsoft Backup
Configuring the Backup Programs
Understanding Microsoft Backup Functions
Backup Types
Issuing the MSBACKUP Command
Using Microsoft Backup
Performing a Full Backup
Performing a Full Backup with MSBACKUP
Comparing the Backup to the Original Files
Performing a Full Backup in Windows 3.x
Performing Intermediate Backups
Performing an Incremental Backup
Performing a Differential Backup
Special-Purpose Backups
Selecting Files Manually
Choosing Files Using Selection Criteria
Editing the Include/Exclude List in MSBACKUP
Editing the Include/Exclude List in Microsoft Backup for Windows 3.x
Using Other Backup Options
Restoring Backup Files
Restoring Files After a Disk Failure
Performing a Selective Restore
Understanding Computer Viruses
Understanding How Viruses Spread
Fighting Viruses with Microsoft Anti-Virus
Understanding Checklists
Listing Viruses
Using the Windows Version of Microsoft Anti-Virus
Guarding Against Infection
Unformatting a Disk
Recovering from an Accidental Format
Recovering from an Accidental Format Without a MIRROR Image File
Rebuilding a Partition Table
Recovering Deleted Files with UNDELETE
Using UNDELETE from the Command Line
Recovering Files with UNDELETE
Using the DOS Directory to Recover a File
Using the Microsoft Undelete Program for Windows 3.x
Configuring Microsoft Undelete
Selecting Files to Recover
Recovering Files
Using Other Options
Project: Developing a Backup Policy
III. Controlling DOS
10. Working with System Information
Changing the Date and Time
Issuing the DATE Command
Issuing the TIME Command
Displaying the Version Using the VER Command
Setting the Version Using the SETVER Command
Displaying Memory Statistics
Issuing the MEM Command
Understanding the Operation of MEM
Loading a Secondary Command Processor
Issuing the COMMAND Command
Understanding the Operation of COMMAND.COM
Using EXIT to Leave the Current Copy of the Command Processor
Uses for a Secondary Command Processor
11. Controlling Your Environment
Changing DOS Variables
Issuing the SET Command
Changing Environment Variables with SET
Defining Your Own Environmental Variables with SET
Changing the User Interface
Changing the Command Prompt with PROMPT
Issuing the PROMPT Command
Understanding the Use of Meta-Strings
Altering the Look of the Screen with mode
Selecting the Display Type
Shifting the Screen on a Color Graphics Adapter
Using MODE to Adjust the Number of Columns or Lines Onscreen
Changing Disk Drives
The ASSIGN Command
The JOIN Command
The SUBST Command
Issuing the SUBST Command
Using SUBST to Reference a Path with a Drive Letter
Understanding the General Rules for Using SUBST
Using the COMSPEC Variable
12. Using Peripherals
Understanding Device Drivers
Understanding Hardware Interrupts
Understanding Direct Memory Access (DMA) Channels
Understanding Memory Input/Output Addresses
Setting Up Device Drivers
Troubleshooting Device Drivers
13. Controlling Devices
Device Commands
The CLS Command
The GRAPHICS Command
Issuing the GRAPHICS Command
Using GRAPHICS to Print a Screen Image
The PRINT Command
Issuing the PRINT Command
Using PRINT to Print Several Files
General Rules for Using PRINT
The CTTY Command
The MODE Command
Using MODE to Change Parallel Port Settings
Issuing the MODE Command
Using MODE to Print a Large File
General Rules for Using MODE to Change Parallel Port Settings
Using MODE to Change Serial Port Settings
Using MODE to Set the Serial Port
General Rules for Using MODE with Serial Ports
Using MODE to Redirect a Parallel Port to a Serial Port
Issuing the MODE Command to Redirect Ports
Using MODE to Redirect Ports
General Rules for Using MODE to Redirect Ports
Using MODE to Change the Typematic Rate
Using Redirection Commands
Issuing the Redirection Operators
General Rules for Using Redirection
The MORE Filter
Issuing the MORE Filter
Using MORE to Pause the Screen
General Rules for Using MORE
The FIND Filter
Issuing the FIND Filter
Using FIND to Find Files on Disk
General Rules for Using FIND
The SORT Filter
Issuing the SORT Filter
Using SORT to Sort Subdirectory Listings
General Rules for Using SORT
14. Understanding the International Features of DOS
Internationalization
Understanding COUNTRY.SYS
Understanding KEYB.COM
Understanding Code Page Switching
Checking Your Hardware for Code Page Switching
Installing Code Page Switching
Using DISPLAY.SYS
Using PRINTER.SYS
Using NLSFUNC.EXE
Loading the Code Page Tables
Switching the Code Page
Exploring More Uses for MODE and CODEPAGE
Considering Keyboard Remappings
Using Dead Keys
Using Foreign-Language Commands
International Country Codes
IV. Maximizing DOS
15. Using the DOS Editor
Understanding the DOS Editor
Uses for the DOS Editor
Files Required to Run the DOS Editor
Using the DOS Editor from a Floppy Disk
Starting the DOS Editor
Getting Acquainted with the Initial Editor Screen
Navigating the DOS Editor
Understanding the Menu System
Understanding Dialog Boxes
Using Shortcut Keys
Using a Mouse
Mastering Fundamental Editing Techniques
Moving the Cursor
Scrolling
Inserting Text into a Line
Deleting Text from a Line
Splitting and Joining Lines
Inserting and Deleting an Entire Line
Overtyping
Learning Special Editing Techniques
Using Automatic Indent
Using Tab
Using Place Markers
Block Editing
Selecting Text
Understanding the Clipboard
Working with Text Blocks
Searching and Replacing
Using the Find Command
Using the Change Command
Managing Files
Introducing the File Menu
Saving a File
Using the Save As Command
Using the Save Command
Using the Open Command to Load a File
Loading a File When You First Start the DOS Editor
Using the New Command
Printing a File
Exiting the DOS Editor
Starting the DOS Editor with Optional Switches
Project: Customizing the DOS Editor Screen
Changing Colors and Removing Scrollbars
Saving Customized Settings
Using the Help System
16. Understanding Batch Files
Introducing Batch Files
Understanding the Contents of Batch Files
Creating a Simple Batch File
Understanding Replaceable Parameters
Using Batch File Commands
Displaying Messages and Inserting Comments
Branching with GOTO
Using the IF Command
Using IF to Test ERRORLEVEL
Using IF to Compare Strings
Using IF to Look for Files
Pausing for Input in a Batch File
Making a Two-Way Choice
Creating a Simple Menu
Creating a Simple Display Menu
Using FOR..IN..DO
Using a FOR..IN..DO Batch File
Using FOR..IN..DO at the DOS Prompt
Using FOR..IN..DO with Other Commands
Moving Parameters with SHIFT
Running Batch Files from Other Batch Files
Shifting Control Permanently to Another Batch File
Calling a Batch File and Returning Using CALL
Using COMMAND.COM to Execute a Batch File
17. Understanding ANSI.SYS
What Is ANSI.SYS?
Installing ANSI.SYS
Using ANSI.SYS
Issuing ANSI.SYS Codes in Batch Files
Issuing ANSI.SYS Codes in Text Files
Issuing ANSI.SYS Codes with the PROMPT Command
Controlling Your Screen with ANSI.SYS
Cursor Movement
Cursor Positioning
Setting the Screen Mode
Setting the Text Attributes
Screen Control
Customizing Your Keyboard with ANSI.SYS
Reassigning Character Keys
ANSI Control Codes
ANSI Set and Reset Display Mode Control Codes
ANSI Display Color and Attribute Control Codes
ANSI Cursor Control Codes
ANSI Miscellaneous Display Control Codes
ANSI Keyboard Layout Control Codes
18. Mastering DOSKEY and Macros
Using DOSKEY
Loading DOSKEY
Editing the Command Line
Reusing Commands
Creating and Using Macros
Creating Macros
Running Macros
Deleting Macros
19. Configuring Your Computer
Getting the Most from Your Computer Resources
Understanding Device Drivers
Optimizing Your Computer's Memory
Using Extended Memory and HIMEM.SYS
Understanding HIMEM.SYS
Loading DOS into High Memory
Using Expanded Memory and EMM386.EXE
Loading Device Drivers and TSRs into Upper Memory
Displaying the Amount of Free and Used Memory
Configuring Memory with MemMaker
Using Express Setup
Using Custom Setup
Providing Memory for Your Applications
Increasing Hard Disk Performance
Fine-Tuning Your Computer with CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT
Accessing Files through FCBS
Using the FILES Command
Using LASTDRIVE to Change the Number of Disk Drives
Using the SHELL Command
Using the INSTALL Command
Using the REM Command
Using the SWITCHES Command
Telling DOS When to Break
Using the DOS Pretender Commands
Using Other Device Control Commands
20. Networking DOS
Common Networks for DOS-Based Computers
Learning Preinstallation Items
Installing the Novell NetWare Client Software
Installing the Microsoft Network Client
Using the Network
Project: Network Client Setup Tips
21. Connecting to the Internet
Internet Connection Options for DOS-Based Computers
Connecting to Your ISP
Using Internet Tools
A Sample FTP Session
Project: Common Problems with DOS Internet Tools
22. Third-Party Utilities
Enhancing Your Computer with Utility Programs
Understanding Freeware, Shareware, and Demoware
PKWare's PKZIP and PKUNZIP
McAfee VirusScan
4DOS
V. Appendixes
A. Files Supplied with MS-DOS 6.22
About MS-DOS Files
MS-DOS 6.22 Files
MS-DOS 6.22 Supplemental Disk Files
MS-DOS Utility File Extensions by Version
B. DOS Environment Variables
Understanding the DOS Environment
APPEND
COMSPEC
CONFIG
COPYCMD
DIRCMD
MSDOSDATA
PATH
PROMPT
TEMP and TMP
windir
WINPMT
C. DOS Messages
General DOS Messages
DOS Device Error Messages
D. DOS and DOS Utility Programs' Keyboard Commands
DOS Startup Control Keys
ROM BIOS Control Keys
DOS Control Keys
Command-Line Editing Keys Without DOSKEY
Command-Line Editing Keys with DOSKEY
Edit Keystroke Commands
DOS Shell Keystroke Commands
E. ASCII and Extended ASCII Codes
F. Command Reference
DOS Commands by Function
Batch File Commands
CONFIG.SYS Commands
CONFIG.SYS DEVICE= Drivers
Directory Commands
Disk Commands
File Commands
DOS Applications
Help Commands
International Commands and Device Drivers
Memory and System Performance Commands
Miscellaneous Commands
Windows Applications
Conventions Used in This Command Reference
Icons Used in This Command Reference
Filenames and Pathnames
Legal Filename Characters
DOS Reserved Names
?, * 1.0 and later—Internal
Using the ? Wildcard Character in a Filename or Extension
Using the * Wildcard Character in a Filename or Extension
Examples
See Also
> and >> 2.0 and later—Internal
See Also
< 2.0 and later—Internal
See Also
| 2.0 and later—Internal
See Also
:label 1.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
%n 1.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Notes
Examples
See Also
%envir% 4.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Notes
Examples
See Also
@ 4.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Notes
See Also
; 6.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Notes
Examples
See Also
? 6.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
[blockname] 6.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Notes
Examples
See Also
ANSI.SYS (device driver) 2.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
APPEND 3.3 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
ASSIGN 2.0 to 5.0—External
Using SUBST Instead of ASSIGN
See Also
ATTRIB 3.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
BACKUP 2.0 to 5.0—External
See Also
BREAK 2.0 and later—Internal
BREAK= 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
BUFFERS= 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
CALL 3.3 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
CD or CHDIR 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
CHAIN
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
CHCP 3.3 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Messages
See Also
CHDIR (see CD)
CHECK
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Remarks
CHKDSK 1.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Exit Codes
Rules
Notes
Messages
See Also
CHKSTATE.SYS (see MEMMAKER)
See Also
CHOICE 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Exit Codes
Notes
Examples
See Also
CLS 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Notes
See Also
CMOSCLK.SYS
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
CNFIGNAM.EXE
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
COMMAND 2.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Rules
Notes
See Also
COMP 1.0 to 5.0—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Messages
See Also
CONFIG
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
COPY 1.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Rules
Notes
Messages
See Also
COUNTRY= 3.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
COUNTRY.SYS (see COUNTRY=)
See Also
CPBACKUP
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
CPBDIR
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
See Also
CPSCHED
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
See Also
CRC
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
CREATE
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
See Also
CSCRIPT
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
CTTY 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
CURSOR.EXE
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
CVT.EXE
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
DATAMON
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
DATE 1.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
DBLSPACE 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Notes
See Also
DBLSPACE/AUTOMOUNT 6.2—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
DBLSPACE/CHKDSK 6.0 only—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
DBLSPACE/COMPRESS 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
DBLSPACE/CREATE 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
DBLSPACE/DEFRAGMENT 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
DBLSPACE/DELETE 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
DBLSPACE/DOUBLEGUARD 6.2—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
DBLSPACE/FORMAT 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
DBLSPACE/INFO 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
See Also
DBLSPACE/LIST 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
See Also
DBLSPACE/MOUNT 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
DBLSPACE /RATIO 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
DBLSPACE/SIZE 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Examples
See Also
DBLSPACE/UNCOMPRESS 6.2—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
DBLSPACE/UNMOUNT 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
DBLSPACE.SYS (device driver) 6.0 and later— External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
DCONVERT
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
DEBUG 1.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
DEFRAG 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Exit Codes
Notes
See Also
DEL or ERASE 1.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Messages
See Also
DELOLDOS 5.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
DELPURGE.EXE
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
DELWATCH.EXE
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
See Also
DELQ or ERAQ
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
DELTREE 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Exit Codes
Notes
See Also
DEVICE= 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
DEVICEHIGH= 5.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
DEVLOAD
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
DIR 1.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
DISKCOMP 1.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Exit Codes
Notes
Messages
See Also
DISKCOPY 1.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Exit Codes
Notes
Messages
See Also
DISKMAP.EXE
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
DISKOPT.EXE
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
DISPLAY.SYS (device driver) 3.3 and later— External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
DOS= 5.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
DOSBOOK
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
DOSDATA
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
DOSDOCK
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
DOSKEY 5.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
DOSSHELL 4.0 to 6.0—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
DPMI
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
DPMS.EXE
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
DRIVER.SYS (device driver) 3.2 and later— External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
DRIVPARM= 3.2 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
DRMOUSE
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
DRVLOCK
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
DYNALOAD
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
E
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
ECHO 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
EDIT 5.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
See Also
EDLIN 1.0 to 5.0—External
See Also
EGA.SYS (device driver) 5.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
EJECT
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Remarks
EMM386 5.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
EMM386.EXE (device driver)5.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
ERASE (see DEL)
ERAQ (see DELQ)
EXE2BIN 1.1 to 5.0—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
EXIT 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Notes
See Also
EXPAND 5.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Rules
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
EXTRACT
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
FASTHELP 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
FASTOPEN 3.3 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Rules
Notes
See Also
FC 3.3 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
FCBS= 3.1 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
FDISK 2.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Rules
Notes
See Also
FILELINK
FILES= 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
FILEUP
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
FIND 2.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Exit Codes
Rules
Notes
Examples
See Also
FOR 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
FORMAT 1.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Exit Codes
Rules
Notes
Messages
See Also
GOTO 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
GRAFTABL 3.0 to 5.0—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Exit Codes
Notes
See Also
GRAPHICS 2.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
See Also
HCONVERT
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Remarks
HELP 5.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
HIINSTALL or INSTALLHIGH
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
HILOAD (see LOADHIGH)
HIMEM.SYS (device driver) 4.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
IBMAVD
Syntax
IBMAVSP
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
IEXTRACT
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
IF 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
INCLUDE= 6.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
INSTALL= 4.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
INSTALLHIGH (see HIINSTALL)
INTERLNK 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
INTERLNK.EXE (device driver) 6.0 and later— External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
INTERSVR 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
JOIN 3.1 to 5.0—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Rules
Notes
Messages
See Also
KBDBUF.SYS (device driver) External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
KEYB 3.3 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Exit Codes
Notes
Messages
See Also
KEYBOARD.SYS (see KEYB)
See Also
LABEL 3.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Rules
Notes
Messages
See Also
LASTDRIVE= 3.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
LH (see LOADHIGH)
LOADER
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
LOADFIX 5.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
LOADHIGH or LH 5.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Rules
Examples
See Also
MD or MKDIR 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Messages
See Also
MEM 4.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Rules
Notes
See Also
MEMMAKER 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
See Also
MEMMAX
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
MENUCOLOR= 6.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
MENUDEFAULT= 6.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
MENUITEM= 6.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
MIRROR 5.0—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Rules
Notes
Messages
See Also
MKDIR (see MD)
MODE 1.1 and later—External
Display Device Status Information
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Messages
See Also
MODE COM# 1.1 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
MODE CON 4.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
MODE device CP 3.3 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
MODE display 2.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
MODE LPT# 3.2 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Rules
Notes
See Also
MONOUMB.386 6.0 and later—Windows
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
MORE 2.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Rules
Notes
See Also
MOVE 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Exit Codes
Notes
Examples
See Also
MSAV 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Exit Codes
Notes
See Also
MSBACKUP 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Rules
Notes
See Also
MSCDEX 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
MSD 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
MSHERC 5.0—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
MWAV 6.0 and later—Windows
See Also
MWAVTSR 6.0 and later—Windows
See Also
MWBACKUP 6.0 and later—Windows
See Also
MWUNDEL 6.0 and later—Windows
See Also
NLSFUNC 3.3 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
NUMLOCK= 6.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Notes
Examples
NWCACHE
Syntax for Loading NWCACHE
Parameters for Loading NWCACHE
Syntax for NWCACHE After It Is Loaded
Parameters for NWCACHE After It Is Loaded
NWCDEX
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
PASSWD
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
PASSWORD
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
PATH 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Messages
See Also
PAUSE 1.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
PCM
Syntax
Notes
PCMATA.SYS
PCMCS
PCMDINST
Syntax
PCMFDISK
Syntax
Notes
PCMRMAN (Standalone Utility)
Syntax
Notes
PCMRMAN (Command-Line Utility)
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
PCMSCD
Syntax
Notes
PCMSETUP
Syntax
POWER 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
POWER.EXE (device driver) 6.0 and later— External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
PRINT 2.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Rules
Notes
Messages
See Also
PRINTER.SYS (device driver) 3.3 to 5.0— External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
PROMPT 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
QBASIC 5.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
QCONFIG
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
RAMBOOST
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
RAMBOOST.EXE
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
RAMDRIVE.SYS (device driver) 3.2 and later— External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
RAMSETUP
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
RD or RMDIR 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Messages
See Also
RECOVER 2.0–5.0—External
See Also
REM 1.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
REMOVDRV
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
REN or RENAME 1.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Messages
See Also
RENDIR
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
REPLACE 3.2 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Exit Codes
Rules
Notes
Messages
See Also
REPORT
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
See Also
RESIZE
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
RESTORE 2.0 and later—External
Syntax
PARAMETERS AND SWITCHES
Exit Codes
Rules
Notes
Messages
RMDIR (see RD)
SCANDISK 6.22—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Exit Codes
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
SCANREG
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
SCHEDULE
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
See Also
SCREATE.SYS
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
See Also
SCRIPT
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
SDEFRAG
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
SDIR
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
See Also
SET 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
SETUP (Stacker)
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
SETVER 5.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Exit Codes
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
SETVER.EXE (device driver) 5.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
SHARE 3.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Rules
Notes
See Also
SHELL= 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
SHIFT 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Notes
See Also
SIZER (see MEMMAKER)
See Also
SMARTDRV 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
SMARTDRV.EXE (device driver) 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
SMARTMON 6.0 and later—Windows
See Also
SORT 2.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
SSETUP
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
STAC
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
STACHIGH.SYS
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
STACKER
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
STACKS= 3.2 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
SUBMENU= 6.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
SUBST 3.1 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Messages
See Also
SWITCH
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
SWITCHES= 5.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
SYS 1.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Messages
See Also
SYSINFO
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
TASKMGR
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
TIME 1.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
See Also
TIMEOUT
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
See Also
TOUCH
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
TREE 2.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
See Also
TUNER
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
TYPE 1.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
See Also
UMBCGA.SYS
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
UMBEMS.SYS
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
UMBHERC.SYS
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
UMBMONO.SYS
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
UNCOMP
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
UNDELETE 5.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Rules
Notes
Examples
See Also
UNFORMAT 5.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Rules
Notes
See Also
UNINSTALL
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
UNPACK2
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
UNSTACK
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
VER 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Notes
Examples
See Also
VERIFY 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
VFINTD.386 6.0 and later—Windows
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
VIEW
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
VOL 2.0 and later—Internal
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
VSAFE 6.0 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Rules
Notes
Examples
See Also
WINA20.386 5.0 and later—Windows
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
Examples
Messages
See Also
XCOPY 3.2 and later—External
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Exit Codes
Rules
Notes
Messages
See Also
XCOPY32
XDEL
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
XDF
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
Notes
XDFCOPY
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
XDIR
Syntax
Parameters and Switches
See Also
G. Glossary
Glossary
Search in book...
Toggle Font Controls
Playlists
Add To
Create new playlist
Name your new playlist
Playlist description (optional)
Cancel
Create playlist
Sign In
Email address
Password
Forgot Password?
Create account
Login
or
Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
Sign Up
Full Name
Email address
Confirm Email Address
Password
Login
Create account
or
Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
Prev
Previous Chapter
INTRODUCTION
Next
Next Chapter
1. DOS and the Personal Computer
Part I. DOS Fundamentals
Add Highlight
No Comment
..................Content has been hidden....................
You can't read the all page of ebook, please click
here
login for view all page.
Day Mode
Cloud Mode
Night Mode
Reset