Index

Symbols and Numbers

< (chevron), 25, 33–34

38mm (small) watch, 1–2

42mm (large) watch, 1–2

A

Accelerometer, 131–134

Action buttons

in email, 206–208

in notifications, generally, 219–220

in notifications, handling, 220–225

types of controls, 51–53

Actions

segues in, 24

sheets for, 68–72

Alerts. See also Notifications, 68–72

Apple Watch

Application Context for, 162–163

creating apps in, generally, 7

creating iPhone apps in, 7–9

deploying apps in, 4–5

development tools for, 2

File Transfer for, 164

hardware in. See Hardware, Apple Watch

Hello, World! app in. See Hello, World! app

Interface Controller in. See Interface Controller

introduction to, 1–2

iPhones interacting with, 5–6

lifecycle of apps in, 10–13

live communications in, 165

Send Message mode in, 165

Simulator in. See Apple Watch Simulator

specifications of, 1–2

storyboards in, 10–11

types of apps in, 6

User Info for, 163–164

user interfaces in. See User interfaces (UI)

WatchKit architecture and, 3–4

Apple Watch Simulator

adding images in, 76–78

animation in, 80

background images in, 74

didActivate method in, 21–22

display of Current page in, 41–42

emojis in, 110

Force Touch in, 118–121

Glance scenes in, 244

hierarchical navigation in, 25–26, 32

images next to text in, 89

interactive messaging in, 182–183

introduction to, 13–15

location data in, 188–191

Map controls in, 193–194

menu items in, adding programmatically, 122–123

Movie controls in, 104–106

navigation using code in, 36, 38

notifications in, 210

page-based navigation in, 26–27, 33

passing data between Interface Controllers in, 32–33

Picker controls in, 92, 94–97, 100

selecting items in tables in, 90

Table controls in, 86

text input in, 108

Watch Connectivity Framework in, 171, 174

writing data to files in, 201–202

Application Context

background transfers in, 162–163

comparing to other modes, 184

introduction to, 162

sending data in iOS app, 169–170

sending data in WatchKit Extension, 167–169

on Simulators, 171

testing applications in, 171

Application tests. See Testing applications

Architecture, 3–4

Assets.xcassets files

animation in, 78

background images in, 60, 74–75

context menus in, 116–118

control knobs in, 99

images next to text in, 86

Picker displaying images in, 93

playing movies in, 104

poster images in, 105

Attributed strings, 54–55

Attributes Inspector, 24–25, 240–243

Audio recordings, 127–130

awakeWithContext method

in display of Current page, 41–42

for Glance scenes, 240

in Interface Controller, 20–21

in Label controls, 30–32

in ReturningValues project, 45–47

B

Background action buttons, 206

Background fetch, 244–249

Background images

in Button controls, 60–62, 74

in Interface Controller, 74–75

in notifications, 217–218

Background transfers

in Application Context, 162–163

comparison of communication modes for, 184

in File Transfer, 164

in User Info, 163–164

in Watch Connectivity Framework, 162–164

Bluetooth LE (Low Energy) connections, 3

Bundles, 3

Button controls

action sheets in, 68–72

adding to Interface Controller, 50–51

alerts in, 68–72

for audio recordings, 127–130

for background actions, 206

background images and, 60–62, 74

for cancellations, 33–34

chevron, 33–34

creating actions for, 51–53

creating outlets for, 53–54

custom fonts in, 55–59

displaying attributed strings in, 54–55

for displaying screens, 26–27

for email actions, 206–208

for foreground actions, 206

Group controls and, 111–115

introduction to, 50

for making phone calls, 125–127

for notification actions, 219–225

for open actions, 207–208

for reply actions, 206–208

for saving data, 198–199

for sending messages, 125–127

Slider controls in, 65–68

Switch controls in, 62–65

in Taptic Engine, 134–136

text input and, 107–108

C

Cancellations

in Interface Controller, 33–34

in Watch Connectivity Framework, 179–180

Chevron (<), 25, 33–34

Circular Small complications

introduction to, 139–140

in Movie Showtime project, 153, 156, 158

support for, 143

CLKComplicationDataSource protocol, 138–139, 143

ClockKit Framework

introduction to, 138–139

placement of complications in, 139–140

template classes in, 140

Code Editor

Label controls and, 29–30

navigation using, 35

returning data with, 44

Communications

Application Context mode of. See Application Context

comparison of modes of, 184

File Transfer mode of. See File Transfer

live, 165

User Info mode of. See User Info

in Watch Connectivity Framework, generally, 162–165, 184

in WatchKit Extension, 175

Complications

ClockKit Framework for, 138–140

families of, 143

introduction to, 6, 137–138

Movie Showtime project example of. See Movie Showtime project

placeholder templates for, 143–149

placement of, 139–140

populating with data, 150–153

privacy behavior in, 149–150

refresh frequency in, 159

summary of, 159

template classes for, 140

Time Travel for, 154–158

Connectivity

location data in, 185–191

Map display in, 192–194

Web services, accessing, 194–198

Containing iOS Apps. See also iOS Apps, 3, 10

Controllers

Dynamic Interface, 210, 216

Glance Interface, 238–243

Static Interface. See Static Interface Controller

View. See View Controller

WKInterfaceController class for, 12

Controls

Button. See Button controls

Group, 111–115

Image. See Image controls

Label. See Label controls

layout of, 111–115

Menu, 116–121

Movie, 73

Picker. See Picker controls

Slider, 65–68

Switch, 62–65

Table, 73, 87–90

in user interfaces. See User interfaces (UI)

Cook, Tim, 1

Custom fonts, 55–59

D

Data

passing between Interface Controllers, 27–33

returning from Interface Controllers, 42–48

saving, 198–202

sending. See Sending data

Delegation design patterns, 42

Deploying Apple Watch apps, 4–5

Development tools, 2

didActivate method

in display of Current page, 40

for Glance scenes, 240

in Label controls, 31

in LifeCycle project, 20–22

Digital Crown

Apple Watch hardware and, 130–131

introduction to, 2

Picker controls in, 90, 92, 97

dismissController method, 36

Displaying information. See also Displays

background images in, 74–75

Force Touch for, adding items programatically, 121–123

Force Touch for, context menus in, 115–121

Force Touch for, generally, 111–115

Image controls for, animations in, 78–80

Image controls for, generally, 74, 76–78

images next to text in, 86–89

introduction to, 73

Label controls for, generally, 73

laying out controls for, 111–115

Movie controls for, 103–106

movies, playing programatically, 101–103

Picker controls for, captions in, 96–97

Picker controls for, control knobs in, 97–100

Picker controls for, displaying images in, 93–94

Picker controls for, generally, 90

Picker controls for, lists of text in, 91–93

Picker controls for, scrolling style in, 94–96

playing media files, 100–106

summary of, 123

Table controls for, adding Image controls to, 87–89

Table controls for, generally, 80–86

Table controls for, selecting items in, 89–90

Displays

of Current page, 39–42

Display Screen buttons for, 26–27

of Glance scenes. See Glance scenes

of information. See Displaying information

of Interface Controller pages, 37–38

of maps, 192–194

Modal, 26–27

of notifications. See User Info

Dynamic Interface Controller, 210, 216

E

Email, 206–208

Emojis, 109–110

F

File Transfer

background transfers in, 164

canceling outstanding transfers in, 179–180

comparison to other communication modes, 184

introduction to, 162

sending data/files in iOS app, 177–179

sending data/files in WatchKit Extension, 175–177

testing applications in, 179

Fonts, 55–59

Force Touch

context menus, adding items programmatically, 121–123

context menus for, generally, 115–121

introduction to, 2, 111–115

Menu Item, 116–123

Foreground action buttons, 206

G

Gathering information

emojis, 109–110

introduction to, 73, 106

summary of, 123

text inputs, 106–108

Get Weather, 194–198

Glance Interface Controller, 238–243, 249–252

Glance scenes

background fetch in, 244–249

customizing, 240–253

implementing, 238–240

introduction to, 6, 237

summary of, 252

testing, 244

updating, 249–252

usefulness of, 244

Gmail, 206–208

Group controls, 111–115

H

Hardware, Apple Watch

accelerometer and, 131–134

for audio recording, 127–130

Digital Crown and, 130–131

introduction to, 125

for phone calls, 125–127

for sending messages, 125–127

Taptic Engine and, 134–136

Hello, World! app, 7–9

Hierarchical navigation

between Interface Controllers, 22–26

using code for, 36

Home Screen, 215–216

I

Icons, 215–217

Identifier attributes, 43

Image controls

animation with, 78–80

emojis in, 109–110

in Force Touch, 119–120

introduction to, 74, 76–78

saving data with, 198–199

in Table controls, 87–89

text next to images and, 86–89

ImageView, 177–178

Include Notification Scene, 209

Information

displaying. See Displaying information

gathering. See Gathering information

Interactive Messaging

comparison to other communication modes, 184

in iOS Apps, 181–182

testing applications in, 182–183

in Watch Connectivity Framework, 180–183

in WatchKit Extension, 180–181

Interface Controller

accelerometers in, 131–134

animation in, 78–80

audio recordings in, 127–130

background images in, 74–75

Button controls in, 50–51, 91–93

Cancel buttons in, 33–34

designating specific pages to display in, 39–42

displaying series of pages in, 37–38

emojis in, 109–110

File Transfer in, 175–177

Force Touch in, 115–121

Get Weather in, 194–198

Glance scenes in, 238–240

Group controls in, 111–115

hierarchical navigation in, 22–26

Image controls in, 74–78

interactive messaging in, 180–181

introduction to, 10–13

Label controls in, 80–86

LifeCycle project in, 17–22

lifecycle of, 17–22

location data in, 186–188

Map controls in, 192–193

menu items in, adding programmatically, 121–123

modification of, 13

Movie controls in, 103–106

navigating between, generally, 22–27

navigating using code, 34–37

notifications in, 210

passing data between, 27–33

phone calls in, 126–127

Picker controls in. See Picker controls

returning data from, 42–48

saving data in, 198–202

selecting items in tables in, 89–90

sending messages in, 126–127

Storyboard Editor and. See Storyboard Editor

summary of, 48

Swift class and, 17–22

Taptic Engine in, 134–136

text input and, 107–108

User Info in, 172–174

Watch Connectivity Framework in, 167–169

Interface.storyboard file, defined. See also Storyboard Editor, 10

iOS Apps

Application Context in, 169–170

background fetch in, 245–249

containing, 3, 10

creating iPhone apps, 7–9

Interactive Messaging in, 181–182

interfacing with, generally. See Watch Connectivity Framework

introduction to, 3–5

location data in, 185–191

Map controls in, 192–194

saving data in, 198–202

sending data in, 169–174, 177–179

User Info in, 173–174

Watch Connectivity Framework for. See Watch Connectivity Framework

iPhone apps

Apple Watch interacting with, 5–6

Application Context for, 162–163

creation of, 7–9

File Transfer for, 164

live communications in, 165

Send Message mode in, 165

simulation of. See iPhone Simulator

User Info for, 163–164

View Controller for, 22

iPhone Simulator

DisplayingGlances project in, 249

interactive messaging in, 182–183

introduction to, 13–15

location data in, 188–191

notifications in, 211, 213–218

unlocking, 22

Watch Connectivity Framework in, 171, 174

writing data to files in, 201–202

J

Jobs, Steve

on change, 161

on creating for oneself, 237

on design as function, 1

on ease of use, 125

on innovation, 73

on leading via innovation, 73

on limitation of focus groups, 17

on mistakes, 137

on quality of choices, 49

L

Label controls

for accelerometers, 131–134

for displaying information, 73

Force Touch and, 120–121

navigation and, 25, 29–30

notifications in, 212–214

for saving data, 198–199

in Table controls, 80–86

text input and, 107–108

Large (42mm) watch, 1–2

Layout of controls, 111–115

LifeCycle project, 17–22

Lifecycles of apps, 10–13

Live communications, 165

Local notifications, 205–208, 220

Locations

getting data for, 185–191

Map controls for, 192–194

in ReturningValues project, 45–48

Long-look interfaces

handling notifications with, 225–230

introduction to, 209–210

naming notifications in, 215–216

Low Energy (Bluetooth LE) connections, 3

Lower group in Glance Interface Controller, 240–243

M

Map controls, 192–194

Media files, playing, 100–106

Menu controls, 116–121

Menu Item controls

adding programmatically, 121–123

Force Touch and, 116–121

Messages, sending. See Sending messages

Modal displays, 26–27

Modal segues, 22, 26–27

Modular Small/Large complications

changing complications to, 147–149

introduction to, 139–140

in Movie Showtime project, 152, 155–157

placeholder templates for, 144–145

support for, 143

Movie Showtime project

complication families supported by, 143

complication placeholder template in, 143–149

creating project for, 141–143

introduction to, 141

populating with data, 150–153

privacy behavior in, 149–150

refresh frequencies in, 159

Time Travel for, 154–158

Movies

controls for, 73, 103–106

Movie Showtime project for. See Movie Showtime project

playing programmatically, 101–103

refreshing, 159

timelines of, 151–158

N

Naming notifications, 214–215

NavigateUsingCode project, 35

Navigation

hierarchical, 22–26, 36

between Interface Controllers, 22–27

Label controls and, 25

page-based, 22, 26, 36

UINavigations project, 23, 27

using code for, 34–37

Notification Center, 215–216

Notifications

action buttons in, generally, 219–220

action buttons in, handling, 220–225

background images in, 217–218

customizing, 212–214

definition of, 205–208

displaying, generally, 205

icons for Apple Watch apps and, 215–217

introduction to, 6

long-look interface for, 225–230

modifying WatchKit app names for, 214–215

sash colors in, 234–235

short-look interfaces for, 209–212

simulation of payloads for, 230–234

summary of, 235

types of, generally, 208–209

NSNotificationCenter, 42

NSUserDefaults class

Glance scenes and, 245

saving data and, 198, 202

O

Open action buttons, 207–208

Outlets, 53–54

P

Page-based navigation

between Interface Controllers, 26

introduction to, 22

using code in, 36

Passing data between Interface Controllers, 27–33

Payloads, 230–234

Phone calls. See also iPhone apps, 125–127

Picker controls

captions in, 96–97

control knobs in, 97–100

in Digital Crown, 131

displaying images with, 93–94

displaying information with, 73, 90

lists of text in, 91–93

returning data with, 43, 45–48

scrolling style in, 94–96

in Taptic Engine, 134–136

Playing media files, 100–106

popController method, 36

presentControllerWithName:context: method, 36, 38

Privacy behavior, 149–150

Push segues, 24

pushControllerWithName:context: method, 36

PushNotificationPayload.apns file, 210–213, 219

R

Refresh frequencies, 159

Remote notifications

action buttons for, 220

displaying, 210–211

introduction to, 205–208

Reply action buttons, 206–208

requestLocation method, 185–188

Returning data from Interface Controllers, 42–48

ReturningValues project, 42

S

Sash colors, 234–235

Saving data

with Image controls, 198–199

NSUserDefaults class in, 202

writing to files, 199–201

Scrolling, 130

SecondInterfaceController.swift file, 39–42, 43

Sending data

in iOS Apps, 169–170, 173–174

via Application Context, 167–171

via File Transer, 174–179

via User Info, 172–174

in WatchKit Extension, 167–169, 172–173, 175–177

Sending messages

in Apple Watch, 125–127, 165

in iPhones, 165

in Watch Connectivity Framework, 180–181

Short-look interfaces, 209–212, 215–216

Simulation

in Apple Watch. See Apple Watch Simulator

introduction to, 13–15

in iPhones. See iPhone Simulator

of payloads, 230–234

Slider controls, 65–68

Small (38mm) watch, 1–2

Smartwatches. See Apple Watch

Specifications of Apple Watch, 1–2

Static Interface Controller

action buttons in, 220

background images in, 217–218

customizing notifications in, 212–214

displaying notifications in, generally, 210–212

icons for Apple Watch app in, 216–217

naming notifications in, 214–215

Stock prices, 245–252

Storyboard Editor

accelerometers in, 131

action sheets in, 68

actions for buttons in, 51–52

alerts in, 68

background images in, 75

buttons in, 50–52

context menus in, 116

control layout in, 111

hierarchical navigation in, 23

Interface.storyboard file in, generally, 10

introduction to, 10–11

lifecycles in, 17–22

lists of text in, 91

navigation using code in, 35

notifications in, 210

passing data between Interface Controllers in, 29

phone calls in, 125–126

playing movies programatically, 101

recording audio in, 127

returning data in, 42–44

saving data in, 198

sending messages in, 125–126

Slider controls in, 65

Switch controls in, 62–63

Table controls in, generally, 80

Table Row Controller in, 83, 88

Taptic Engine in, 134

text inputs in, 106

Web services in, 194

Strings

displaying attributed, 54–55

saving to files, 199

Swift class

in Interface Controller, 17–22

in Table controls, 82–83

Switch controls, 62–65

T

Table controls

Image controls in, 87–89

introduction to, 73, 80–86

selecting items in, 89–90

Taptic Engine

Apple Watch hardware and, 134–136

introduction to, 2

Picker controls in, 134–136

Templates

in ClockKit Framework, 140

for complications, 140, 143–149

WatchKit Class, 28

Testing applications

in Application Context, 170–171

in File Transfer, 179

Glance scenes, 244

for interactive messaging, 182–183

in User Info, 174

Text

images next to, 86–89

input of, 106–108

lists of, in Picker, 91–93

ThirdInterfaceController.swift file, 39–42

Time Travel, 139, 154–158

Timelines of movies, 151–158

U

UI (User interfaces). See User interfaces (UI)

UINavigations project, 23, 27

Updating Glance scenes, 249–252

Upper group in Glance Interface Controller, 240–242

User Info

background transfers in, 163–164

canceling outstanding transfers in, 179–180

comparison to other communication modes, 184

introduction to, 162

sending data in iOS Apps, 173–174

sending data in WatchKit Extension, 172–173

testing applications in, 174

User interfaces (UI)

action sheets in, 68–72

adding Button controls to Interface Controller, 50–51

alerts in, 68–72

background images of, 60–62

Button controls in, generally, 50

creating actions for, 51–53

creating outlets for, 53–54

custom fonts in, 55–59

displaying attributed strings in, 54–55

introduction to, 49

Slider controls in, 65–68

Switch controls in, 62–65

tap gestures and, generally, 49–50

Utilitarian Small/Large complications

introduction to, 139–140

in Movie Showtime project, 152–153, 156, 158

support for, 143, 144–145

V

Vibrator function, 134

View Controller. See also Views

Application Context in, 169–170

interactive messaging in, 181–182

on iPhones, generally, 22

User information in, 166

Watch Connectivity Framework in, 166, 169–170

Views

defined, 49

ImageView for, 177–178

windows of, 177–178

W

Watch Connectivity Framework

background transfers in, 162–164

cancelling outstanding transfers in, 179–180

communication types in, 162–165, 184

comparison of modes in, 183–184

Interactive Messaging in, 180–183

introduction to, 5–6, 161–162

live communications in, 165

sending data/files via File Transfer, 174–179

sending data via Application Context, 167–171

sending data via User Info, 172–174

testing applications in, 170–171, 174, 179

using, generally, 165–166

WatchKit. See also specific functions

apps in, defined, 3, 6

architecture of, 3–4

Class template, 28

deploying Apple Watch apps and, 4–5

displaying information in, generally, 73

Extension. See WatchKit Extension

Interface Controller in. See Interface Controller

introduction to, 1, 2

iOS Apps in. See iOS Apps

iPhone apps in. See iPhone apps

lifecycle of apps in, 10–13

storyboards in. See Storyboard Editor

summary of, 15

WatchKit Extension

creating iPhone apps in, 8–9

ExtensionDelegate class in, 12–13

Interactive Messaging in, 180–181

introduction to, 3–4

UINavigations project in, 27–33

WatchOS operating system, 1, 3–4

Weather, 194–198

Web Services, 194–198

willActivate method

in display of Current page, 40

for Glance scenes, 240

in Interface Controller, 20–21

in Label controls, 31

WKInterfaceController class, 12

WKSession object, 179–180

World Wide Developers Conference (WWDC2015), 1

Writing data to files, 199–201

WWDC2015 (World Wide Developers Conference), 1

X

Xcode 7

AudioRecord project in, 127

Buttons in, 50

Communications in, 165, 171, 174

complication placeholder template in, 145

custom fonts in, 55

DisplayingGlances project in, 238, 245, 249

FileStorage project in, 198, 201–202

ForceTouch project in, 115

Images in, 74

introduction to, 2

launching, 7–9

Layouts in, 111

LifeCycle project in, 17, 21

Movie Showtime project in, 141

Movies in, 101

NavigationUsingCode project in, 35

Notifications in, 209, 211, 221

phone calls in, 125

ReturningValues project in, 42

simulators and, generally, 13–14

Sliders in, 65

Switches in, 62

Tables in, 80

Taptic Engine in, 134

TextInputs project in, 106

UINavigations project in, 23

UsingAlerts project in, 68

UsingCoreMotion project in, 131

UsingLocation project in, 185, 188, 193

UsingPicker project in, 91

WebServices project in, 194, 197