Index
Please note that index links point to page beginnings from the print edition. Locations are approximate in e-readers, and you may need to page down one or more times after clicking a link to get to the indexed material.
References to figures are in italics.
AC. See alternating current (AC)
active filters, 130–131
air variable capacitors, 37
air-core inductors, 39–40
alligator clips, 143
alternating current (AC), 15, 16
AM transmitters, 17
block diagram, 20
amperes, as units, 144
amplitude-modulated (AM) voice transmitters. See AM transmitters
AND gates, 63–64
armatures, 47
audio-frequency (AF), 103
audio-frequency (AF) oscillators, 8
avalanche effect, 159
avalanche voltage, 52
axial leads, 195
bandpass filters, 120
batteries, 62–63
bleeder resistors, 75–76
bleeds, 75
block diagrams
AM radio transmitter diagram, 20
current and signal paths, 18–20
flowcharts, 20–24
functional drawings, 16–18
interconnecting lines with arrows, 15
power supply diagram, 19
process paths, 24–27
body capacitance, 37
breadboard, 138–141
layout for compass-based galvanometer, 172
layout for electricity experiments, 141
layout for measuring voltage in two-diode voltage reducer, 161
layout for mismatched lamps in series, 164, 165, 167, 168
buffer circuits, 89–90
cables, 50–52
calibration graph, 175
capacitance, 133
body, 37
external, 37
carbon-composition resistors, 30
See also resistors
cascading circuits, 107
cat’s whiskers, 102
cells, 62–63
See also electrochemical cells
center conductors, 50
channels, 55
characteristic curves, 156
chips. See integrated circuits (ICs)
circles, 6–7
circuit diagrams, 67–76
clip leads, 143
closed-loop configuration, 56
code practice oscillator, 114, 116, 117, 118
color codes, resistors, 195–197
color in schematic diagrams, 12
compass-based galvanometer, 170–175
component tolerance, 86–87
components
interconnections, 7–9
list, 139–140
where to buy, 138
conductors, 48–52
conventional current, 68
crossing wires, 49–50
crystal radio receivers, 102–105
current, as a variable, 144
cutoff frequencies, 120, 131–133
DC. See direct current (DC)
DC power supplies, 74–76
demodulators, 102
detectors, 102
diode vacuum tubes, 59
diode-based voltage reducers, 157–162
diodes, 52–53
directly heated cathodes, 60, 61
double-pole/double-throw (DPDT) switches, 44, 45
double-pole/single-throw (DPST) switches, 44, 45
drive, 106
dual diode tubes, 60
dual pentode tubes, 60
dual tetrode tubes, 60
dual tubes, 60
earth ground, 50
effective voltage, 76
electrical value designations, 88–89
electrochemical batteries, 62–63
electrochemical cells, 62–63, 69
electromagnets, 47
electron tubes, 58–62
enhancement-mode MOSFET, 55
exclusive OR gates, 64
exclusive-OR operations, 64
external capacitance, 37
farads, 35
See also capacitors
feedback, negative, 56
field-effect transistors, 54–55
See also resistors
filter capacitors, 75
five-pole/two-throw (5P2T) switches, 44–45
fixed-value capacitors, 35–36
fixed-value resistors, 30
See also resistors
flash rate, 17–18
flashlight circuits, 68–72
flowcharts, 20–24
direction of processes in, 24
process paths, 24–27
forward breaker voltage, 158
forward breakover voltage, 52
frequency, 17
vs. gain, 57
functional drawings, 16–18
gain, vs. frequency, 57
galena, 102
galvanism, 170
galvanometer, compass-based, 170–175
ganged capacitors, 37–38
ganged switches, 45–46
gates, 53
geographic poles, 170
geomagnetic poles, 170
grid bias, 92
grounded-cathode circuits, 94
grounded-grid circuits, 94
Gunn diodes, 53
See also switches
hard wiring, 9
henrys (H), 39
See also inductance
heptode tubes, 61–62
hertz (Hz), 17
hexode tubes, 61–62
high state, 63
highpass filters, 120
highpass response, 57, 131, 132
hybrid drawings, 89–91
Hz, 17
ideal diodes, 52
impedance, 94
incandescent lamps, mismatched in series, 163–169
inclusive-OR operations, 63
indirectly heated cathodes, 59, 60, 61
inductance, 38–43
inductors, 38–43
industry standard part designations, 88–89
integrated circuits (ICs), 56, 102
inverting broadband amplifiers, 128–129
inverting differentiators, 129, 130
inverting inputs, 56
inverting integrators, 130, 131
iron-core inductors, 41–42
jumper wires, 143
junction field-effect transistors (JFET), 54
Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert, 144–145
Kirchhoff’s current law, 143–147
Kirchhoff’s first law. See Kirchhoff’s current law
Kirchhoff’s second law. See Kirchhoff’s voltage law
Kirchhoff’s voltage law, 147–150
L networks, 112
laminated-iron core inductors, 41–42
language, visual, schematics as, 9–13
large schematics, getting comfortable with, 122–127
layout diagrams. See pictorial diagrams
leads, 30
axial, 195
light load, 78
load resistance, 155–158, 160–162
logic circuits, 94–99
logic gates, 63–64
and their characteristics, 65
loss, 42
low state, 63
lowpass filters, 120
metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET), 54–55
microfarads, 35
See also capacitors
microhenrys (μH), 39
See also inductance
millihenrys (mH), 39
See also inductance
mixing, 61
See also switches
multi-contact switches, 45
multimeters, 85–86
NAND gates, 64
nanohenrys (nH), 39
See also inductance
N-channel depletion-mode MOSFET, 54–55
N-channel enhancement-mode MOSFET, 55
N-channel junction field-effect transistors, 54
vs. triode tubes, 93
non-inverting broadband amplifiers, 128
non-inverting inputs, 56
nonpolarized capacitors, 35–36
See also capacitors
normally closed relays, 47
normally open relays, 47
NOT-AND gates, 64
N-type semiconductors, 158
ohms, 29
as units, 144
See also resistors
Ohm’s law, 151
one-pole/ten-throw (1P10T) switches, 45, 46
op amps, 56–57
circuits, 128–135
open-loop configuration, 57
operational amplifiers. See op amps
oscillator circuits, 90
padder capacitors, 36
page breaks, 109–111
parts suppliers, 199
P-channel depletion-mode MOSFET, 54–55
P-channel enhancement-mode MOSFET, 55
P-channel junction field-effect transistors, 54
peak inverse volts (PIV), 157
peak voltage, 76
pentagrid converters, 61
phase inversion, 115
phase opposition, 56
picofarads, 35
See also capacitors
vs. schematic diagrams, 13
pi-L networks, 113
pinchoff, 55
pitch, 115
plates. See anodes
P-N junctions, 158
PNP bipolar transistor symbol, 7–8
polarity, 63
polarized capacitors, 35–36
See also capacitors
poles, 44
positive-ground system, 115, 116
varying negative feedback, 129
wipers/sliders, 111
powdered-iron core inductors, 42–43
power supplies
voltage-doubler, 80
preamplifiers, 103–104
principle of current conservation. See Kirchhoff’s current law
principle of voltage conservation. See Kirchhoff’s voltage law
process paths, 24–27
program flowcharts, 20–24
prototypes, 68
P-type semiconductors, 158
punch cards, 24–26
See also direct current (DC)
push-pull amplifiers, 105–106
radio-frequency (RF) amplifiers, 8
rectifiers, 17–18
full-wave bridge rectifiers, 78
relays, 47
resistance, 133
resistance, as a variable, 144
resistance-capacitance (RC) combination, 57
resistive voltage dividers, 150–157
color codes, 195–197
resonance, 94
resonant frequency, 103
resonant notch, 57, 131, 134–135
resonant peak, 57, 131, 133–134
response curves, 57
reverse logarithmic scale, 156, 160
RF field-strength meters, 72–74
rheostats, 31–32
See also potentiometers
ripple, 75
root-mean-square (RMS), 76
rotors, 37
schematic diagrams
color in, 12
finding faulty component in, 2
vs. pictorial diagrams, 13
symbology, 5–7
as a visual language, 9–13
schematic/block hybrid drawings, 89–91
screen grids, 60
semiconductor diodes, 52
silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCR), 53
single-pole/double-throw (SPDT) switches, 44
levers, 47
single-pole/single-throw (SPST) switches, 44, 46
relays, 47
sinusoid, 130
software, flowcharts, 20–24
solid-iron core inductors, 41–42
spurious emissions, 93
stators, 37
step-down transformers, 44
step-up transformers, 44
See also switches
strobe light circuit, 18, 126, 127
suppliers, parts, 199
suppressor grids, 60
switches, 44–47
symbols, 177–194
1P10T switches, 46
5P2T switches, 45
air-core transformers, 43
arrows in, 32
coaxial cables, 51
conductors that cross paths, 49, 50
diode vacuum tubes, 59
DPDT switches, 45
DPST switches, 45
electrical conductors, 69
electrochemical batteries, 62
electron tube elements, 58
field-strength meter components, 73
fixed capacitors, 35
fixed-value resistors, 30
flashlight components, 72
in flowcharts, 22–23
ganged rotary switches, 46
Gunn diodes, 53
incandescent bulbs, 69
integrated circuits (ICs), 56
letter abbreviations for, 79
Morse code keys, 47
N-channel depletion-mode MOSFET, 54
N-channel enhancement-mode MOSFET, 55
N-channel JFET, 54
NPN bipolar transistors, 54
op amps, 56
P-channel depletion-mode MOSFET, 54
P-channel enhancement-mode MOSFET, 55
P-channel JFET, 54
PNP bipolar transistors, 7, 54
polarized capacitors, 36
powdered-iron core inductors, 42, 43
rheostats, 32
rotary potentiometers, 33
rotating, 30
in schematics, 5–7
semiconductor diodes, 52
silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCR), 53
solid- or laminated-iron core inductors, 41, 42, 43
solid- or laminated-iron core transformers, 43
SPDT relays, 48
SPDT switches, 44
SPST switches, 44
three-terminal roller inductors, 41
three-terminal variable resistors, 32
triode vacuum tubes, 59
two-conductor cable, 52
two-terminal variable resistors, 31
varactor diodes, 53
variable air-core inductors, 40
Zener diodes, 53
tank circuits, 94
test points (TPs), 86
tetrode vacuum tubes, 60
theoretical current, 68
throws, 44
timers, 17–18
transceivers, 46–47
transformers, 43–44
transistors, 53–55
trimmer capacitors, 36
triode vacuum tubes, 59–60
vs. N-channel junction field-effect transistors, 93
troubleshooting
to the component level, 121
with schematics, 82–89
tubes, 58–62
twin-T oscillator, 115, 116, 118
unshielded cables, 50
vacuum-tube RF amplifiers, 91–94
varactor diodes, 53
variable capacitors, 36–38
variable resistors, 31–34
Vcc connection symbol, 56, 130
Vee connection symbol, 56, 130
voltage, 17
as a variable, 144
voltage reducers, diode-based, 157–162
voltage regulators, 19
voltage-doubler power supplies, 80
volt-ampere (VA), 163
volt-ohm-milliammeters (VOMs), 85–86
volts, as units, 144
See also arrows
See also arrows
wedge Z, 127
See also arrows
wire wrapping, 142–143
wirewound resistors, 30, 31, 33, 34
See also resistors
wiring diagrams, 18
See also functional drawings
workbench, 138