NOTES

INTRODUCTION

1. Den Renzi, “The 8 Nastiest Reality TV Villains,” Huffington Post, April 4, 2012, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dan-renzi/reality-tv-villains_b_1450314.html (accessed December 13, 2015).

THE NEED FOR FIERCE

1. Katty Kay and Claire Shipman, “The Confidence Gap,” The Atlantic, May 2014 issue, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/05/the-confidence-gap/359815 (accessed March 31, 2016).

2. Julie Coffman and Bill Neuenfeldt, “Everyday Moments of Truth: Frontline Managers Are Key to Women’s Career Aspirations,” Bain & Company INSIGHTS report, June 17, 2014, http://www.bain.com/publications/articles/everyday-moments-of-truth.aspx (accessed March 31, 2016).

3. Williamson, Return to Love: Reflections on the Principles of a Course in Miracles (New York: Harper Collins, 1992), 190.

4. Oxford Dictionaries: Language Matters, “Fierce,” http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/fierce (accessed February 6, 2016).

5. Urban Dictionary, “Fierce,” http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Fierce (accessed February 6, 2016).

LEARN FROM THE QUEENS OF FIERCE

1. RuPaul, “Introduction,” in Workin’ It! (New York: HarperCollins e-books, 2009), Kindle ed.

THE FIRST KEY

1. Ella Walker, “Launching new drag acts is my legacy and I’m so proud,” Belfast Telegraph, February 6, 2016, http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/life/features/launching-new-drag-acts-is-my-legacy-and-im-so-proud-34421058.html (accessed March 29, 2016).

2. Michael Schulman, “In Drag, It Turns Out, There Are Second Acts,” New York Times, February 21, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/23/fashion/RuPaul-Drag-Race-television.html (accessed December 12, 2015).

3. RuPaul, interview by Arsenio Hall, The Arsenio Hall Show, Season 6, Episode 68, syndicated by CBS, December 16, 1993.

4. April Carrión, in-person interview with the author, July 5, 2014.

5. Courtney Constable, “5 Things I Learned from Drag Queens,” Courtney Conquers: All Dragged Up, October 28, 2015, https://courtneyconquersblog.wordpress.com/2015/10/28/10-things-i-learned-from-drag-queens (accessed December 12, 2015).

6. Eric Spitznagel, “Drag Queens, High Heels, and Delicious Squirrels: An Interview with Dolly Parton,” Ericspitznagel.com, June 29, 2014, http://www.ericspitznagel.com/suddeutsche-zeitung-magazin/dolly-parton/ (accessed November 6, 2015).

7. Laura Cox, “The town tramp inspired my trashy look because I was a plain Jane, says Dolly Parton,” Daily Mail, December 10, 2012, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2246206/Dolly-Parton-The-town-tramp-inspired-trashy-look.html#ixzz3qm4zc1E8 (accessed November 6, 2015).

8. “Dolly Parton: I got style inspiration from a hooker,” Now Magazine, March 25, 2007, http://www.nowmagazine.co.uk/celebrity-news/celebrity-gossip-dolly-parton-i-got-style-inspiration-from-a-prostitute-239299 (accessed November 6, 2015).

9. Dolly Parton, Twitter post, July 12, 2010, 10:26 a.m., http://twitter.com/DollyParton.

10. Z100 radio station website, “Lady Gaga In-Studio,” interview with host Elvis Duran, August 20, 2013, http://www.z100.com/articles/z100-news-451815/lady-gaga-instudio-11586429 (accessed November 6, 2015).

11. Devin Dwyer, “President Obama Calls Lady Gaga ‘A Little Intimidating,’ ” ABC News, October 3, 2011, http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/10/president-obama-calls-lady-gaga-a-little-intimidating/ (accessed November 7, 2015).

12. Gina Pace, “Beyonce’s Alter Ego,” Associated Press, October 5, 2005, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/beyonces-alter-ego/ (accessed November 7, 2015).

13. Lyrics for “Diva” from the album I Am . . . Sasha Fierce, http://www.beyonce.com/album/i-am-sasha-fierce/ (accessed November 7, 2015).

14. “Beyoncé Tells Fans to Call Her by Alter-Ego ‘Sasha Fierce,’ ” FoxNews.com, October 23, 2008, http://www.foxnews.com/story/2008/10/23/beyonce-tells-fans-to-call-her-by-alter-ego-sasha-fierce.html (accessed November 7, 2015).

15. “Beyoncé Knowles: Queen B,” The Independent, September 21, 2001, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/beyonceacute-knowles-queen-b-414158.html (accessed November 7, 2015).

16. Coco Montrese, in-person interview with the author, September 17, 2013.

17. Interview with Larry Flick for OutQ Radio on SiriusXM Entertainment, August 10, 2014. https://soundcloud.com/siriusxmentertainment/adore-delano-is-daniel-noriegas-super-hero (accessed November 9, 2015).

18. “Sissy That Walk,” RuPaul’s Drag Race, Season 6, Episode 12, air date May 5, 2014, 12:39.

19. Danny Noriega (aka Adore Delano), telephone interview with the author, July 5, 2014.

20. Connie Wang, “Meet Baddie Winkle, Who Fell in Love with Raver Clothes at Age 87,” Refinery29.com, September 2, 2015, http://www.refinery29.com/baddie-winkle#.pyzha8:C7tz (accessed November 9, 2015).

21. Tess Koman, “Baddie Winkle: All the College Kids Just Want Me to Be Their Grandma,” Cosmopolitan, http://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/celebs/a39902/baddie-winkle-internets-most-fascinating (accessed December 12, 2015).

22. Wang, “Meet Baddie Winkle.”

23. Ibid.

24. Ibid.

25. Marc Cuenco, “86-Year-Old Baddie Winkle Stars in DimePiece Ad Campaign Promoting Timeless Female Empowerment,” Bustle.com, April 7, 2015, http://www.bustle.com/articles/74824-86-year-old-baddie-winkle-stars-in-dimepiece-ad-campaign-promoting-timeless-female-empowerment (accessed November 9, 2015).

26. Miley Cyrus, Instagram post, April 6, 2015, 5:18pm, https://instagram.com/p/1J0AthwzG4/.

27. Wang, “Meet Baddie Winkle.”

28. C. G. Jung, The Essential Jung, ed. A. Storr (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983), 94.

29. D. Beau (2014), “Week 10: Guest Speaker—Dickie Beau,” DRAM10002 Theatre and Performance: Concepts.

30. Carol S. Dweck, “Can Personality Be Changed? The Role of Beliefs in Personality and Change,” Current Direction in Psychological Science 17, no. 6 (December 2008): 391–394.

31. Jaye L. Derrick, Shira Gabriel, and Brooke Tippin, “Parasocial Relationships and Self-Discrepancies: Faux Relationships Have Benefits for Low Self-Esteem Individuals,” Personal Relationships 15, issue 2 (2008): 261–280.

THE SECOND KEY

1. Trenton Evening Times, Section: Family Weekly (newspaper supplement), “Ask Them Yourself: Question for Bette Midler,” unnumbered page: second page of section, January 13, 1980, Trenton, NJ.

2. Jase Peeples, “RuPaul’s Drag Race Alums Share Lessons Drag Can Teach the World,” Advocate, May 20, 2014, http://www.advocate.com/artsentertainment/people/2014/05/20/rupauls-drag-race-alums-share-lessons-drag-can-teach-world (accessed December 13, 2015).

3. Kelly Kline, in-person interview with the author, August 19, 2013.

4. Facebook, Kelly Kline, July 21, 2014, https://www.facebook.com/KellyKline512/posts/10152216205710036.

5. RuPaul’s Drag Race, “The Fabulous Bitch Ball,” Season 4, Episode 11, directed by Nick Murray, LOGO, April 9, 2012.

6. Kyle Munzenrieder, “Latrice Royale: Drag Royalty,” Miami New Times, November 22, 2012 (accessed November 22, 2015).

7. RuPaul’s Drag Race, “Reunion,” Season 4, Episode 14, directed by Nick Murray, LOGO, April 30, 2012.

8. Latrice Royale, telephone interview with the author, August 21, 2013.

9. Anelica Mark-Harris, in-person interview with the authors, August 20, 2015.

10. Ibid.

11. Ibid.

12. Ibid.

13. Ibid.

14. Bessie Mark-Dillard, in-person interview with the authors, August 20, 2015.

15. Arletha Phillips, in-person interview with the authors, August 20, 2015.

16. Christina Harris, in-person interview with the authors, August 20, 2015.

17. Ibid.

18. Ibid.

19. Anelica Mark-Harris, in-person interview with the authors, August 20, 2015.

20. Hajo Adam and Adam D. Galinsky, “Enclothed Cognition,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (2012), doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2012.02.008.

21. PT Staff, “Tall People Get Paid More,” Psychology Today, published on October 20, 2003, last reviewed on March 5, 2008, https://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/200310/tall-people-get-paid-more (accessed October 2, 2015). See also Timothy A. Judge, “The Effect of Physical Height on Workplace Success and Income: Preliminary Test of a Theoretical Model,” Journal of Applied Psychology 89, no. 3 (2004): 428–441.

22. Christina Tsaousi, “Consuming Underwear: Fashioning Female Identity” (PhD diss., University of Leicester, 2011).

23. Hayley Phelan, “Margaret Thatcher Set the Bar for Power Dressing,” Fashionista, April 8, 2013, http://fashionista.com/2013/04/margaret-thatcher-set-the-bar-for-power-dressing (accessed October 10, 2015).

24. Laura Abassi, “ ‘Their Image of Me’: A Phenomenological Study of Professional Dress Choices of Female Professors,” Proceedings of the New York State Communication Association, vol. 2012, art. 4 (2013).

25. Janelle Manton, “Power Dressing at Work,” Top Secret Women’s Business, April 8, 2012, http://topsecretwomensbusiness.com/power-dressing-at-work (accessed November 28, 2015).

26. Irene Scott, telephone interview with the author, November 20, 2015.

27. Ibid.

28. Ibid.

29. Miss Fame, in-person interview with the author, August 10, 2015.

THE THIRD KEY

1. Courtney Act, in-person interview with the author, September 3, 2014.

2. Jennifer Demartino and Richard A. Gradone, “Amazing” lyrics, Sprechen Sie Hi Fashion? R Gradone Music/Silver tooth, 2011.

3. D. J. Pierce, in-person interview with the author, September 9, 2013.

4. Ibid.

5. Jujubee, in-person interview with the author, August 18, 2013.

6. Ibid.

7. Ibid.

8. Brendan Jordan, in-person interview with the author, May 20, 2015.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

11. Ibid.

12. Ibid.

13. Ibid.

14. Ibid.

15. John F. Dovidio and Steve L. Ellyson, “Decoding Visual Dominance: Attributions of Power Based on Relative Percentages of Looking While Speaking and Looking While Listening,” Social Psychology Quarterly 45 (1982): 106–113.

16. Laura Z. Tiedens and Alison R. Fragale, “Power Moves: Complementarity in Dominant and Submissive Nonverbal Behavior,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84 (2003): 558–568.

17. Dana R. Carney, Amy J. C. Cuddy, and Andy J. Yap, “Power Posing: Brief Nonverbal Displays Affect Neuroendocrine Levels and Risk Tolerance,” Psychological Science Online First, September 21, 2010.

18. Serena Chen, Annette Y. Lee-Chai, and John A. Bargh, “Relationship Orientation as a Moderator of the Effects of Social Power,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80 (2001): 173–187.

19. Shelly Taylor, “Friend and Befriend Theory,” in Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology, ed. Paul A. M. Van Lange, Arie W. Kruglanski, and E. Tory Higgins (London: Sage Publications, 2012), 13–28.

20. Miss Fame, in-person interview with the author, August 10, 2015.

21. Rich Jurzwiak, “Enter Cookie: An Empire Supercut,” Gawker.com, January 29, 2015, http://morningafter.gawker.com/enter-cookie-an-empire-supercut-1682641678 (accessed December 5, 2015).

THE FOURTH KEY

1. Paris Is Burning, film; Jennie Livingston, Off White Productions, 1990.

2. Tara Mohr, “Learning to Love Criticism,” New York Times, September 27, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/28/opinion/sunday/learning-to-love-criticism.html (accessed December 8, 2015).

3. Patrick Farabaugh, “Welcome to the Dollhouse,” Our Lives Magazine, January 2015, http://ourlivesmadison.com/article/welcome-to-the-dollhouse (accessed December 3, 2015).

4. Zach Brooke, “Q&A: Trixie Mattel,” Milwaukee Magazine, September 8, 2015, http://www.milwaukeemag.com/2015/09/08/qa-trixie-mattel (accessed December 3, 2015).

5. Brian Firkus (aka Trixie Mattel), in-person interview with the author, April 5, 2015.

6. Ibid.

7. Ibid.

8. Broadly Staff, “Can’t Drag Us Down: Meet London’s Female Queens,” Broadly, September 15, 2015, https://broadly.vice.com/en_us/video/cant-drag-us-down-meet-londons-female-queens (accessed December 2, 2015).

9. Ibid.

10. Holly Falconer and Nell Frizell, “Glitter Beards, Cleavage and Gender Fucking: A Day with London’s Female Drag Queens,” Vice, November 14, 2014, http://www.vice.com/en_uk/read/londons-faux-queens (accessed December 2, 2015).

11. Broadly Staff, “Can’t Drag Us Down.”

12. Rosalind Wiseman, Queen Bees and Wannabes: Helping Your Daughter Survive Cliques, Gossip, Boyfriends, and the New Realities of Girl World (2002), 2nd ed. (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2009), 164.

13. Daniel Goleman, Social Intelligence: The New Science of Human Relationships (New York: Bantam Books, 2006), 114.

14. Ibid., 231.

15. Susan Nolan-Hoeksema, Blair E. Wisco, and Sonya Lyubormiskey, “Rethinking Rumination,” Perspectives on Psychological Science 3, no. 5 (2008), 400.

16. Ibid.

17. Dudley Clendinen and Adam Nagourney, Out for Good: The Struggle to Build a Gay Rights Movement in America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999), 529.

THE FIFTH KEY

1. Neal Strauss, “The Broken Heart and Violent Fantasies of Lady Gaga,” Rolling Stone, July 8, 2010, http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/the-broken-heart-and-violent-fantasies-of-lady-gaga-20100708 (accessed December 9, 2015).

2. Cynthia Lee Fontaine, in-person interview with the author, December 7, 2015.

3. Derrick Barry, in-person interview with the author, September 16, 2013.

4. Ibid.

5. Ibid.

6. Jiska S. Peper, P. Cedric, M. P. Koolschijn, and Evelyn A. Crone, “Development of Risk Taking: Contributions of Adolescent Testosterone and Orbital-frontal Cortex,” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25, no. 12 (December 2013): 2141–2150.

7. Sari M. van Anders, Jeffrey Steiger, and Katherine L. Goldey, “Effects of Gendered Behavior on Testosterone in Women and Men,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2015), doi: 10.1073/pnas.1509591112.

8. Carrie Murphy, “CEO Pamela Barnes of Global Women’s Health Nonprofit GenderHealth Talks Career Changes and Taking Risks,” interview with Pamela Barnes, The Grindstone, June 28, 2013, http://www.thegrindstone.com/2013/06/28/education/female-ceo-engender-health-pamela-barnes/#ixzz2bmvaW0zH (accessed December 8, 2015).

9. Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan, “The ‘What’ and ‘Why’ of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior,” Psychological Inquiry 11, no. 4 (2000): 227–268.

10. Joris Lammers, David Dubois, Derek D. Rucker, and Adam D. Galinsky, “Power Gets the Job: Priming Power Increases Interview Outcomes,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10:1016/j.jesp.2013.2.008.

11. Frances A. Champagne, “Beyond Nature vs. Nurture: Philosophical Insights from Molecular Biology,” Association for Psychological Science Observer 22, no. 4 (April 2009), http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/observer/2009/april-09/beyond-nature-vs-nurture-philosophical-insights-from-molecular-biology.html (accessed April 6, 2016).

CONCLUSION

1. J. R. Tongol, “RuPaul, Sharon Needles, Raja, Lady Bunny and Other Drag Queens Offer Up Life Lessons,” Huffington Post, February 4, 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/04/drag-queen-wisdom_n_2593829.html (accessed December 10, 2015).

2. Brian McCook (aka Katya Zamolodchikova), in-person interview with the author, April 23, 2015.

3. Laganja Estranja, in-person interview with the author, September 10, 2015.

EPILOGUE

1. TEDxVancouver, Twitter post, November 14, 2015, 7:34 p.m., http://twitter.com/tedxvancouver.