Index

Abstract class, 231–233

insect, 235

Abstract data type (ADT), 157

Abstract windowing toolkit (AWT), 405, 729

applet frame class, 450

button control, 459

checkbox class, 466

checkboxgroup class, 470–473

choice class, 480

component class, 372, 449

components, 406

container class, 449

controls, 458–459

events, 406

frame class, 450

label class, 464–466

list class, 473

panel class, 450

scrollbar class, 483

structure, 446–447

textfield class, 488–492

window class, 450

window hierarchy, 449

ActionEvent class, 407

Actionlistener interface, 414

Adapter classes, 428–429

AdjustmentEvent class, 408

Adjustmentlistener interface, 414

ALGOL, 2

Algorithm support, 581–586

Anonymouse inner class, 441–444

Append method, 279

API, 44

programming, 782

Applet class

audio, 378–380

audioclip interface, 380

graphics class, 383

hierarchy of, 362

life cycle, 366–367

methods, 363

vs. application programs, 361–362

Applet tag and applet parameters, 368–369

Appletcontext interface, 377–378

appletviewer applet1.java, 365

Arguments to methods, 203

Arithmetic operators, 50

ArithmeticException, 293

Armstrong number, 95

Arraylist, 538–539

class, 539

ASCII/unicode values, 86

Automatic memory management, 201

Backslash character constant, 14

Base class, 207

Binary operators, 49

Binding process

dynamic binding, 219

static binding, 219

Bipush statement, 796

Bitwise AND (&), 61

Bitwise operators, 61

Bitwise OR (|), 62–63

Bitwise XOR (^), 63

Boolean class, 635

Boolean variable, 56, 78, 389

Borderlayout, regions, 520

Break statement, 108–109

Built-in packages, 240–241

Bytecode, 35, 38

implementation, 40–41

instruction, 790

Bytecode array, values, 43

Byte stream, 351

I/O classes, 351

Calendar class, 595–598

Call stack, 284

Capacity, 542

method, 278

CardLayouts, 524

Cartesian coordinates, 394

Chained assignment, 59

Character class, 631–632

Character stream I/O classes, 346

CharArrayReader class, 347

CharAt method, 267

Client, 647–648

Clone method, 610–611

Collection class, 538

Comparator interface, 563–566

Classes and objects

array, 174–177

constructors, 181–182

copying, 171–172

passing and returning, 167–171

private data assessment, 164–167

programming examples, 160–164

static class members, 177–178

static member functions, 178

class.class_name, 157

Collection interface, 535

hierarchy, 534

iterating elements, 545

listIterator interface, 545

Command line arguments, 33–34

command1.java, 34

compareTo method, 267

compareToIgnoreCase method, 268

Compilation process, 39

ComponentEvent class, 409

ComponentListener interface, 414

Compound operator, 58

Concat method, 268

Container, 409

ContainerAdapter class, 414

ContainerListener Interface, 414

Continue statement, 110–111

disadvantage, 111

Control flow statements, 77

Constructors, 181

inheritance, 224–229

with parameters, 182–183

Coordinate system in Java, 364

Copy constructor, 195–196

CPU cycles, 405

Daemon threads, 331–332

Datagram, 675–680

Data members, 158

DataInputStream class, 31

Date class, 592–595

Dialogs box, 506–510

Dictionary class, 573

Domain Name Service (DNS), 641

Double buffering, 709–712

built-in, 729

Data types

default values, 159

range, 16–17

Decision-making statements, 77

Decision structure, 1

implementation, 2

Default constructor, 183

Decrement (++) operator, 59–61

Delegation event model, 405–406

delete method, 278

deleteCharAt method, 278

diagrammatical implementation, 269

Dialogs, 746–753

constants, 749

file selection, 754–758

do-while statement, 105–106

Drawing lines and rectangles, 383–384

Drawing ovals and circles, 384–385

Drawstring method, 399

Dynamic method dispatch, 219–221

else-if ladder, 83–84

employeeName method, 42

EmptyStackException, 294

endsWith method, 268

ensureCapacity method, 278

Enumeration interface, 566

Environment variables, 20

property, 608

Equals method, 268

EqualsIgnoreCase method, 268

Event listeners, 407

Event sources, 407

Exception-generated block, 286

Exception handling

basis, 285–286

checked vs. unchecked, 287–288

classes, 286–287

defined, 284

exception handler, 285

hierarchy, 287

mechanism, 286

runtime, 287

Explicit type conversion, 70–71

Expressions, types, 50

Fibonacci series, 144

File class method, 337–341

Filedialog class, 511–515

FileFilter interface, 344

FileInputStream class methods, 355

FileOutputStream class methods, 355

FileReader class, 347

FileWriter class, 347

Float and double class, 627–631

Flowlayout, 518–519

FocusAdaptor object, 409

FocusEvent class, 409

FocusListener interface, 415

Font class methods, 398

Font class properties, 398

Fontmetrics class, 400

Fontmetrics object, 400

Fonts

dialog, 397

dialoginput, 397

monospaced, 397

sansserif", 397

serif", 397

For loop, 96–97

different syntaxes, 97–98

examples, 98

nesting, 100–101

Frame design, 41

Garbage collected heap, 37, 792

Garbage collection, 201

getBytes method, 271

getChars method, 268–269

implementation, 270

getClass method, 616

Getcodebase() methods, 375–376

Getdocumentbase(), 375

getName method, 616

getParameter method, 371

Getstatic, 791, 804

GridBagLayout, 518, 524

GridLayout laysout, 522

Handling internet addresses, 642

Handling keyboard events, 424–428

Handling mouse events, 417

HashMap, 555

Hashset classes, 550–551

constructor, 557

HashTable class, 573

Hello World' program, 685

Hierarchical inheritance, 209–210

revisited, 221–223

Historical collection, 566

HSB color system, 386

HTML, 361, 729

if-dependent statements, 79

if-else statement, 78

nesting, 81–83

if_icmpge instruction, 804

if statement, 77

iinc instruction, 805

Illegal AccessException, 297–298

Iload instruction, 803

Image, 702–704

ImageConsumer interface, 723

Image data, 716–722

consuming, 723

Imageicon class, 730

Imageobserver interface, 705

ImgeProducer interfaces, 723

Increment (++), 59–61

InetAddress class, 642

Inheritance

derived class, 207

hierarchical inheritance, 209–210

hybrid, 210

implementation, 207

multilevel, 208–209

multiple, 209

programming examples, 211–218

single level, 208

types, 207–208

workflow, 6

Inner classes in event handling, 439–441

Inner classes in methods and scopes, 436–438

InputEvent class, 410

Insert method, 279

Insets, 531–532

Instance of operator, 67–68

IOException, 297

Interface definition language (IDL), 816

Interfaces

declaration, 252–253

extending classes, 260–262

implementation, 253

programming examples, 254–260

Internet Domain sockets, 645

ItemEvent class, 410

ItemListener interface, 415

Iterator interface, methods, 545

J2SE development kit, 20

Japplet class, 730

Java 3D API, 815

Java

array, 116–118

benefits, 10

character set, 12

comments, 15–16

data type, 16

declaration. 116

defined, 9, 140–142

evolution, 9–10

features, 10–12

first program, 18–19

function declaration, 140–142

function with parameters, 146–149

output screen, 19

overloading, 151–154

platform, 44–45

programming examples, 23–24

recursion, 149

setting-up java, 19–20

sockets, 645–646

structure, 17–18

syntax, 142–145

Java animation API, 815

Java API framework, 783

Java API package, 816–818

Java applet API, 813

Java application program, runtime memory area, 792

Java base API, 813

java.applet.Applet, 361

java.awt.FontMetrics, 400

Java base platform

java API, 782

java virtual machine, 782

Java bytescodes, 35, 785

Javac, 45

Java collaboration API, 815

Java commerce API, 816

Java compiler, 36, 45

Java development kit (JDK), 19–20, 45

Java enterprise API, 815

Java 1.1 event model, 406

class, 406

Java interpreter, 19, 22, 791

Java 1.0 inheritance event model, 405

Java, internet and www, 44–45

java.io package, 336

Java's checked exceptions, 289

javac applet1.java, 363

Java's GUI components, 383

java.lang, 231

Java management API, 816

components, 816

Java media API, 814–815

java 2D API, 815

java media framework (JMF) API, 815

Java media capture, 815

Java media conference, 815

Java media player, 815

Java native interface (JNI)

example, 685

JNI-style header file, 687–688

limitations, 688

role, 684–685

Java.net package, 642

Java program on notepad, 22

Java remote method invocation (RMI), 695–696

Java security API, 814

Java server APIs, 186

Java speech, 815

Java stack frame, 790

Java standard extension API, 783, 813–814

Java telephony API, 815 Java tokens, 12

constants/literal, 13–14

identifier, 13

keywords, 12–13

Java virtual machine (JVM), 9, 35, 37, 44, 783–785, 790, 792

fundamental pieces, 784

implementation, 36

location, 35

set of register, 790

stack, 37, 41

Jbutton class, 731–733

Jcheckbox class, 734–736

Jcombobox class, 738–741

JDK's appletviewer, 366

Jlabel class, 730–731

Jprogressbar class, 763–767

JPS2.BC, 85–89

JPS3.BC, 794–795

JPS8.java, 39, 45

Jradiobutton class, 736–738

Jscrollpane class, 743–745

Jslider class, 767–771

Jsplitpane class, 745–746

Jtabbedpane class, 741–743

Jtable class, 759–760

Jtextfield class, 733–734

Jtoolbar class, 759–760

Jtoolbar instance, 762

Jtree class, 771–774

Just-in-time compiler, 789

KeyEvent class, 410–411

KeyListener interface, 415

Labelled break, 111

Layout and layout manager, 518

Left shift operator (<<), 64–65

length() method, 267

LIFO stack, 42

Linkedlist class, 542

Linking process

dynamic binding, 219.

static binding, 219

Listeners interfaces, 414

List implementations, 539

List interface, 536–537

Local applets, 361

Logical AND, 56–57

Logical Not (!), 58

Logical operator, 56

Logical OR, 57

lookupswitch instruction, 809–810

Loop/iteration structure, 1

implementation, 2

Magenta, 520

MalformedURLException, 682

Maps, 554

classes, 557

Map.Entry Interface, 556

Map interface, 554

methods, 555

Mathematical functions, 71–72

Matrix multiplication, procedure for, 132

Mediatracker class, 713–714

Membership operator, 158

MemoryImageSource, 724

object, 722

Menu and menubars

examples, 774–779

popup, 503–506

shortcut key, 501

Method area, 37

Method overriding, 218

mkdir method, 341

Mnemonic instructions representation, 36

Modular programming, 1

Modifier

private, public, 249

protected, 249

mousePressed method, 391, 422

mouseclicked method, 419

MouseEvent Class, 411–412

MouseListener interface, 415–416

MouseMotionListener interface, 416

mouseReleased, 422

Multithreading, 309

MyMouseAdapter, 429

Nested and inner classes, 431–432

Newarray instruction, 800, 802

NullPointerException, 791, 802

Number class, 625

Object-based languages, 7

Object class, 610

ObjectInputStream class, 692

Object-oriented programming (OOP), 4, 9

advantages, 6

chracteristics, 6

class and object, 4–5

data hiding, 5

dynamic binding, 6

encapsulation, 5

inheritance, 5–6

polymorphism, 5

ObjectOutput interface, 689–690

Object slicing process, 229–231

Observable class, 601

Observer interface, 601

overriding imageUpdate, 706

1-D array, 118–125

examples, 119–122

Operating system (OS), 783

OutputStream classes, hierarchy, 352

Overloading function, 151–154

Packages, 44

Packages and interfaces

access protection table, 252

types, 240–246

Paint method, 372, 396

Palindrome, 94

PASCAL, 1

Passing parameter, 369–370

PixData, 724

Polygon, defined, 385

Popup menus, 503–506

POW, 96

Precedence of operator, 69–70

PrintStream, 80

Procedural programming language, 2

Procedure-oriented programming characteristics, 2

Process class, 621–624

Program counter, 37

Properties class, 576–577

Programming methodology

bottom-up, 2–3

top-down approaches, 2–4

Polymorphism, bifurcation, 5

public final String getName(), 313

public static Thread currentThread(), 313

Public void paint, 790

Quadratic equation, 85

Random class, 599–601

Reader class, 346

Recursion programming, 149–151

Relation and ternary operator, 53–56

Remainder operator, 50

Repaint method, 373–375

Replace method, 269

Return statement, 145–146

Reverse method, 278

RGB color system, 386

Right shift operator (>>), 65–66

Right Shift with Zero Fill (>>>), 66–67

RMI service, 696

RTF, 729

Running applet for applet1.java, 364

Runtime class, 619–720

Runtime memory area, 792

Scanner class, methods, 32

Scope and lifetime, 73–74

Scrollbar class, 483

parts, 483

properties, 484

Sequence structure, implementation, 1

Serializable interface, 689

Serialization, 689

Server, 646–647

Set interface, 537

SetLength method, 279

setXORMode, 388

Shorthand assignment operator, 58

ShowStatus method, 367

Sipush statement, 796

Sizeof () operator, 69

Sleep method, 316

Socket fundamentals, 645

Sortedset interface, 538

SortedMap interface, 556

methods, 556

Stack, 790

after pop operation, 191

after push operation, 190

class, 571–572

StackOverflowError, 791

Static binding, 219

Static class members, 177–178

Static data members, 179–181

Static member functions, 178

Static nested class, 438–439

Static variables, 177

Stream, 336

byte, 351

character, 345–346

programming Examples, 348–351

reading and writing files, 353–354

reading from console, 352–353

types, 344–345

writing to console, 353

String

constructors for string class, 266–267

methods of string class, 267–271

programming examples, 272–276

string class, 265–266

String buffer class, 276–277

constructor of, 277

methods, 277–280

programming examples, 280–281

StringBuffer(int capacity), 277

StringBuffer(String str), 277

Stringtokenizer class, 590–592

Structured programming, 1

Super keyword, 223–224

Swing, components, 729

Switch-case statement, 86–89

System class, 606–607

System properties, 609

System.out.println, 80

System-dependent fonts, 397

tableswitch instruction, 807–808

Textarea class, 492–494

TextEvent class, 413

TextListener interface, 416

this reference, 196–201

Thread chat server and client, 672–675

Threads, 309–310

communication, 324–325

implementing thread using runnable, 318–319

methods, 313–314

priority, 320–321

suspended and resuming threads, 327–328

synchronization, 322–323

synchronized statement, 324

Three-dimensional (3-D) array, 134–137

Three-line coding, 30

Throw keyword, 294

toString method, 271, 549

toUpperCase method, 271

Transpose matrix, 129

TreeMap Class, 559

Treeset classes, 551–554

trim method, 271

try and catch, 290–291

try block, 286

try-catch block

nesting, 300–301

Two-dimensional (2-D) array, 125–126

column-major implementation, 126

diagonal element, 130–132

row-major implementation, 126

Update method, 373

URL, 680

constructors, 682

User-defined packages, 241–246

Unary operators, 49–50

ValueOf method, 271

Variable, 15

length arrays, 1 34

Vector class, 566–567

constructors, 567

methods, 568

Virtual machine

array, 800–801

class instance, 796–798

instruction set, 793

invoking methods, 793–794

switch statements, 805–806

throwing and handling exceptions, 810–813

VirtualMachineError, 792

Virtual parts, 36

while loop, 89–93

while statement, 89

windowClosing method, 453

WindowEvent class, 413

WindowListener interface, 416–417

without try-catch, 289–290

Wrapper class, 624

Writer class, 347

XOR color

XOR mode, 387, 391