Let's review some uses of functions with the GPIO example. Functions can be used in order to handle specific events related to the GPIO pins of the Raspberry Pi. For example, the gpiozero library provides the capability of calling a function either when a button is pressed or released:

from gpiozero import Button 

def button_pressed(): 
  print("button pressed")

def button_released(): 
  print("button released")

#button is interfaced to GPIO 2 
button = Button(2) 
button.when_pressed = button_pressed 
button.when_released = button_released

while True: 
  pass

In this example, we make use of the attributes when_pressed and when_released of the library's GPIO class. When the button is pressed, the function button_pressed is executed. Likewise, when the button is released, the function button_released is executed. We make use of the while loop to avoid exiting the program and keep listening for button events. The pass keyword is used to avoid an error and nothing happens when a pass keyword is executed.

This capability of being able to execute different functions for different events is useful in applications like home automation. For example, it could be used to turn on lights when it is dark and vice versa.