INDEX

A

About HOBBIES, see Help menu

Accuracy

calculation, 45, 50, 51, 217, 219, 260, 261, 265, 436, 440, 444, 449, 458, 489

integral, see Options

Admittance, 37, 39, 53, 250, 303, 329, 401, 404, 405, 414, 418, 496, 497, 504

Aircraft, 15, 466–469

Align, see Manipulation

Antenna

above a real ground, 428–436

biconical, 334–338, 527

bowtie, 338–341, 527

dipole, 36, 38, 39, 325, 327–329, 370, 371, 373, 378, 380, 382, 383, 386, 399, 401–404, 406–408, 512, 522, 526–528

helical, 10, 457, 458

horn, 12, 509, 510, 526, 529

microstrip patch, 252, 253

monopole, 37, 38, 341, 342, 392, 428, 429, 432, 433, 436, 527–529

Antenna array

coupling, 53, 447, 450

L-band, 451

linear array, 329, 411–419, 526, 528

microstrip patch array, 436–438, 452–456

slotted waveguide array, 254, 444, 445, 447, 448, 450, 511–513, 515

Antenna modes, see Operation mode

Anti-symmetry, see Symmetry

Arc, see Line

Assign

domains, see Domain

sizes, 221. See also Unstructured mesh

Auto-mesh divisions, 130, 134, 137, 140

B

Basic linear algebra communication subroutines (BLACS), 61, 62

Basic linear algebra subroutines (BLAS), 60–63

Basis function

edge basis function, 25–28

higher order, 21, 28, 43, 45–48, 50, 76–78, 449, 453

node basis function, 22, 23

patch basis function, 25–27, 33

polynomial, 20–22, 31, 33, 45, 77, 78, 115, 260, 262

Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG), 449, 453–455

segment basis function, 22

Benchmark

double ogive, 458–460

function, see Test function

NASA almond, 458, 459

truncated cone, 458, 460–462

Biconical, see Antenna

Bilinear surface, 14, 17–20, 24, 32, 34, 35

Block

column, 63, 65–68, 70, 71, 73, 79

row, 63, 65, 67, 70, 71, 73

Block-cyclic distribution, see Data distribution

Block matrix, 59

Block partitioned algorithm, 60

Block size, 59, 63, 64, 68, 72, 75

Boolean operations (union, intersection, subtraction, subtract and intersect), 125, 169, 173, 186, 188

Bowtie, see Antenna

Buffer

in-core buffer, 65, 266

in-core buffer per core, 267, 268

C

Cache, 59, 60

Circle, see Object

Clone graph, 285–287, 303, 306

Cluster, 83, 270, 272, 445

Coaxial line excitation, see Generator

Collapse, 102, 173, 183, 184, 212, 519

Combined junction, see Junction

Command line, 90, 91, 101, 157, 161, 171, 279, 280

Composite structure, 5, 350, 360, 444, 451

Computational electromagnetics (CEM), 14

Compute node, 61, 73, 76, 77, 79

Computer

personal computer (PC), 2, 83

Concentrated loadings, see Loadings

Conductivity, 231, 238, 240, 377, 378, 394, 428, 430, 431

Cone, 11, 100, 129, 136–138, 171, 172, 337, 460–462. See also Object

Configure menu, 275, 276

Conical, see Wire

Contextual menu, see Mouse menu

Control point, 13, 14, 179, 181

Convert to NURBS, 173, 182

Copy, see Manipulation

Comer reflector, 407. See also Scatterer

CPU

multicore, 77

quad-core, 272

single-core, 466

time, see Time

Current

distribution, 20, 22, 26, 53, 76, 232, 277, 278, 316–319, 337, 338, 345, 369, 399–406, 411, 413–415, 418, 419, 428, 431, 437, 457, 461, 463, 466, 471, 474, 475

electric current, 3, 6–8, 24, 25, 32, 38, 50, 58, 232, 233, 236, 275, 277, 278, 316–320, 350, 369, 370, 402, 406, 415, 419

expansion, 21, 24, 26, 35, 44, 48, 52, 53, 104, 260, 262, 263, 328, 338. See also Options

expansion order, 262, 263

magnetic current, 3, 6–8, 24, 29, 32, 36–38, 50, 58, 233, 236, 275, 277, 278, 316, 320, 350, 369, 370

Cylinder, 9, 11, 18, 39, 40, 129, 133–136, 165, 170, 172, 182, 214, 216–218, 323. See also Object

D

Data decomposition, 64, 66

Data distribution, 66

block-cyclic distribution, 63

Define

domains, see Domain

junctions, see Junction

Delete

model, 100, 197

meshed nodes/elements, 212

Delta-function generator, see Generator

Dielectric structures, 2, 3, 5, 232, 234, 320, 350, 354, 358, 360

Dipole, see Antenna

Distributed loadings, see Loadings

Divide, 171, 173–176, 184–186

Domain

assign domains, 232–234

define domains, 230, 231

editing domains, 236

list, 230, 280, 350, 352, 358, 361, 364, 366, 369, 370, 372, 374, 376, 382, 384, 386, 387, 394, 397, 428, 430, 433, 435

view domains, 234, 235, 282

Double ogive, see Benchmark

Doublet, 23, 24, 26, 28, 33

Draw

axis, 520

mesh, 208, 209, 519

E

Edge, 250–254, 265

Edge basis function, see basis function

Edit

domains, see Domain

mesh, see Mesh

NURBS, 159, 163, 173, 179–182

Electric current, see Current

Electric field, see Field

Electric field integral equation (EFIE), see Integral equation

Element

smooth elements, 212

type, 205, 209, 215, 221

quadrilateral, 205

segment, 205

Equivalent model, 3, 4

Equivalent principle, 3

Erase mesh, see Mesh

Exchange, see Preferences

Excitation, 35–39, 58, 76, 95, 103, 228, 244, 248, 249, 264, 270, 284, 285, 288, 306, 309, 318, 322, 323, 345, 350, 399, 403, 411, 424, 426, 447, 499, 500, 505, 512

generators, 244–247

matrix, see Voltage matrix

waves, 244, 247, 248

Exit, 105, 274, 277, 506

Experiment, 445, 447, 451

Export

binary post-process, 277

files, 103, 519

results, 293, 314, 492

F

Field

electric field, 2–5, 7, 30, 35–39, 53–55, 248, 285, 286, 299, 303, 305, 309, 333, 358–360

far field, 53, 54, 104, 254, 258, 399, 403, 407, 428, 431, 436, 448, 496, 497, 501, 504, 505, 509. See also Output settings

magnetic field, 2–5, 30, 35–37, 54, 305, 309, 358–360

near field, 24, 53, 103, 254, 256, 257, 259, 260, 275, 277, 278, 304–311, 313–316, 318, 330, 332, 333, 356, 358, 461, 463, 471, 475, 496, 497, 501–504. See also Output settings

Files menu, 91, 92, 102, 103, 105, 168, 274, 275, 293, 320

Fitness

function, 481, 491

value, 481, 491

Fonts, see Preferences

Format, see Preferences

Frequency

domain, 2, 6

range, 52, 103, 230, 240, 242, 325, 373, 380, 385, 428, 500

start frequency, 230, 262, 284, 323, 500, 505

stop frequency, 103, 210, 230, 262, 323, 500, 505

Frozen layer, 196, 212, 519, 522. See also Layers

G

Gain, 41, 42, 54, 55, 249, 286, 288, 291, 295, 298, 327, 328, 340, 380, 382, 401, 402, 404–406, 410, 411, 414, 415, 418, 419, 424, 431, 432, 436, 440, 444, 454, 455, 481, 497, 504, 505, 509, 510

Galerkin's method, 28

Gauss-Legendre, 31, 35

General, see Preferences

Generate mesh, see Mesh

Generator, see Excitation

all generators mode, 228, 325, 329, 334, 411, 437, 497, 500. See also Operation mode

coaxial cable, 247

coaxial line, 36–39, 195, 457

delta-function, 36, 37, 245–247, 322

frill, 36, 38, 39, 245, 246, 403

label, see Label

one generator at a time mode, 53, 228, 329, 411, 416, 418, 497. See also Operation mode

type 2, 245

type 3, 245

type 4, 245–247

Generatrix, 17, 18, 22, 31, 461

Geometric modeling, 8, 14, 107

Geometry from elements, 168

Geometry from mesh, 167

Geometry menu, 93, 94, 130, 157–162, 166–171, 173, 176–179, 183, 184, 186, 188, 214

Gigabytes (GB), 268, 445, 449

Goal value, 480, 498, 499, 505

Graph, 293, 295. See also Export results

Graphical, see Preferences

Green's function, 7, 29–31, 35, 38

Grid, see Preferences

Ground, 37, 38, 231, 232, 428–433, 436, 437, 452, 464, 528, 529

H

Hard disk, 64, 65, 67, 68, 73, 79, 80, 266, 268, 312, 468

Helical, see Antenna

Helix, 9, 10, 12, 151, 218–220

Help menu, 90, 96, 105, 275, 277, 506, 525

High performance computing (HPC), 270, 272

Higher Order Basis Based Integral Equation Solver (HOBBIES), 1, 81, 83, 107, 199, 227, 273, 321, 443, 479, 517, 525

Higher order basis function, see Basis function

HOBBIES menu, 95

HOBBIES project, 86, 101–103, 107, 214, 268, 480, 487, 503

HOBBIES results menu, 275, 276, 280

Hole

NURBS surface, 173, 183

volume, 173, 183

Horn, see Antenna

I

Imaging, 416, 436–442, 529

Impedance, 36, 45, 46, 53, 54, 239–243, 249, 303, 327, 329, 365, 385, 386, 389–392, 394, 481, 496, 504, 527

Impedance matrix, 30, 32–34, 58, 77–80, 264, 265

Import, 102, 103, 168, 183, 212, 519

In-core buffer, see Buffer

In-core matrix filling, see Matrix filling

In-core solver, see Solver

Installing, 84–88

Integral accuracy, see Options

Integral equation (IE)

EFIE, 8, 29, 43, 50, 263

PMCHW, 2, 4, 8, 29, 48–51

surface integral equation (SIE), 2

Internet protocol (IP), 77

Intersection, 173, 184–189. See also Boolean operations

Iteration

iterations of method, 491

maximum iteration, 488, 489, 491, 492, 513

show all iterations, 492

J

Join

lines, 177

surfaces, 171, 176

Join menu, 158, 171, 173

Junction, 121

combined junction, 21, 125, 322, 334, 342, 344, 345

label, see Label

list, 101, 112, 121–123, 334, 336, 338, 340, 341, 344, 346, 348, 372, 386, 387, 394, 397, 428, 430, 433, 435, 437, 440

nontrivial junction, 21, 340, 372

surface-to-surface junction, 322, 329

wire-to-surface junction, 20, 21, 39, 121, 124, 125, 264, 329, 333, 334, 338, 340, 342, 344, 345

wire-to-wire junction, 21, 322

K

Kirchhoff's current law, 20, 340

Knot, 13, 14, 162, 179–182

L

Label

concentrated loading label, 100, 244

distributed loading label, 100

generator label, 100, 247

junction label, 100, 122–125

node label, 100, 108–112, 117, 121

segment label, 220

surface label, 100, 118, 120, 121

volume label, 126–128

wire label, 100, 113, 116, 117

x-axis label, 289, 291, 292

y-axis label, 289, 291, 292

Label font, 519

Label icon, 111, 116, 121, 123

Label menu, 97, 219, 292, 301, 314, 318

Layers, 99, 156, 167, 168, 196, 206, 212, 232, 234, 519–524

Left-looking algorithm, 67–69, 73

Legend, 284, 285, 288, 289, 297, 298, 303, 306

font, 519

properties, 297, 309, 310

Library package

LAPACK, 59–63

LINPACK, 59

ScaLAPACK, 60–64, 66, 73, 76

Line

arc, 100, 161, 162, 173, 175, 178

NURBS line, 100, 103, 150, 158, 159, 163, 168, 169, 173, 177–180, 182

operations, 177

parametric line, 129, 149–153, 160, 162, 218

polyline, 160, 161, 171, 173, 174, 177–179, 194, 195

straight line, 100, 157, 158, 161, 184, 195, 196

Linux, see Operation system

Loadings

concentrated loadings, 238, 242–244, 377, 389, 394, 395, 528

label, see Label

list, 101, 244, 377, 390–392, 395, 397

distributed loadings, 238–242, 377, 378, 382, 383, 386, 389, 394, 395, 526–528

label, see Label

list, 101, 377, 378, 385, 388, 394, 395

LU factorization (decomposition), 58, 60, 65–67, 69, 71–73, 264, 449, 467

M

Magnetic current, see Current

Magnetic field, see Field

Manipulation

copy (translation, rotation, mirror, scale, offset, sweep, align), 99, 189–196

move (translation, rotation, mirror, scale, offset, align), 196

Mathematical

functions, 146, 150

operators, 146, 150

Matrix

avoided, 264. See also Options

equation, 53, 58, 59, 74–76, 79, 263, 264

filling

in-core, 64, 76–79

out-of-core, 66, 76, 79–80

inversion, see Options

solving, 58, 62, 74, 75, 457, 466, 467

Megabytes (MB), 267, 268

Memory hierarchy, 59, 60, 62

Menu, 90–92, 98, 105, 274

Mesh

criteria, 206, 207, 209

edit mesh, 211, 212

erase mesh, 211

formats, 102, 103

generate mesh, 130, 134, 137, 205, 210, 215, 219, 221, 222, 224, 225, 519

options from model, 214

quality, 213–215

reset mesh data, 204, 207

size, 130, 133, 134, 136, 137, 201–203, 207, 208, 210, 211, 216, 218–221, 223, 225, 519

structured mesh, 170, 200, 202–205, 209, 217–220

unstructured mesh, 200–204, 207–210, 217–222, 224–226, 518, 519

Mesh menu, 95

Mesher

Rfast, 221, 222, 518

Rjump, 206, 209, 222, 225, 519

Rsurf, 519

Meshing, see Preferences

Message passing interface (MPI), 61–63, 85, 266, 267, 270, 529

Metallic structures, 264, 322, 333, 350, 354, 360, 361

Method of Moments (MoM), 8, 14–16, 28, 46, 58, 66, 76, 79, 81, 112, 265, 266

Microstrip patch, see Antenna

Microstrip patch array, see Antenna array

Mirror, see Manipulation

Modifier, 480, 504, 505

Monopole, see Antenna

Mouse menu, 93, 96–98, 163, 165, 171, 175, 185, 197, 278, 292, 293, 301, 304, 307, 314, 318, 520

Move, see Manipulation

node, 211. See also Edit mesh

point, 171, 173, 177

Multicore, see CPU

N

NASA almond, see Benchmark

Near field, see Field

2D, 304

3D, 308

Network parameters, 52, 53, 103, 260, 277, 278, 303, 327, 329, 337, 340, 372, 373, 380, 385, 388, 391, 398, 401, 405, 414, 418, 496, 497

Node, 108

label, see Label

list, 101, 108–112

Node basis function, see Basis function

Non Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS), 8. See also Line and Surface

Non-zero-field region, 5

Nontrivial junction, see Junction

Number of unknowns, 45, 46, 48, 50, 77, 79, 239, 248, 265, 268–270, 385, 388, 398, 399, 410, 436, 445, 449, 453, 457, 466, 467

O

Object, 129, 170

list, 101, 112, 129, 130, 135, 142, 150, 152, 156

Objective criteria, 480, 483

Offset, see Manipulation

Operating system (OS)

Linux, 83

Microsoft windows, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89, 266, 270, 312, 529

Operation mode

antenna modes, 101, 228, 254, 258, 283, 284, 288, 295, 301, 304, 308

scatterer modes, 101, 228, 258, 283, 288, 295, 301, 329

Optimization algorithms

Particle swarm optimization (PSO), 480, 482, 485, 486, 488–490, 508–510, 514

Powell's method, 480, 482, 488, 489, 507, 508, 513

Simplex (Nelder-Mead) method, 480, 482–484, 486, 488–490, 507–510

Optimizer, 156, 480–514, 526

Options

current expansion, 260, 262, 263, 328, 338

integral accuracy, 43, 44, 104, 260–262

matrix inversion, 104, 260, 263, 264

precision, 260, 264, 265

Out-of-core matrix filling, see Matrix filling

Out-of-core solver, see Solver

Output settings, 103, 228, 248, 254, 286

current, 254–256

near-field, 254, 256, 257

far-field, 254, 258–260

Overlay, 285, 303, 306. See also Clone graphs

P

Parallel BLAS (PBLAS), 60–63

Parallel solvers, 265, 266, 270, 272, 529

Parametric

curve, 8–10

equation, 14, 18, 19, 28, 143, 147, 149, 150, 458

line, see Line

surface, see Surface

Particle swarm optimization (PSO), see Optimization algorithms

Patch basis function, see Basis function

Pattern, see Radiation pattern and Scattering pattern

Perfect electric conductor (PEC), 5, 6, 8, 17, 21, 29, 32, 119, 230, 239, 249, 250, 330, 350, 377, 392, 399, 401, 405, 407, 415, 416, 418, 420, 421, 423–425, 427, 466, 471, 527, 528. See also Symmetry

Perfect magnetic conductor (PMC), 249, 250, 399, 401, 403–405, 411–414, 420, 421, 423, 528. See also Symmetry

Permeability, 2, 5, 231, 354

Permittivity, 2, 5, 48, 50, 51, 231, 352, 354, 376, 382, 386, 437

Physical memory, 65, 267–269

Pivot

pivoting, 58, 67, 69–73

vector, 68

Plane wave, see Excitation

Poggio–Miller–Chang–Harrington–Wu (PMCHW), see Integral equation

Point, 100, 108, 156, 157

Polygon, see Object

Polyline, 160. See also Line

Polynomial, see Basis function

Post-processing

entering, 274

leaving, 320

Powell's method, see Optimization algorithms

Pre-HOBBIES, 268

Pre-processing, 278, 280

Precision, see Options

Preferences, 517

Exchange, 519

Fonts, 519

Format, 520

General, 517

Graphical, 518

Grid, 520

Meshing, 518

Print, 99, 277. See also Files menu

Prism, 100, 129, 139–143, 171, 366, 367, 370, 527. See also Object

Process

column, 63

grid, 62–64

row, 63

Q

Quad-core, see CPU

Quadrilateral, 16, 18, 19, 42–45, 50, 51, 77, 78, 103, 119, 121, 167, 203, 205, 211, 214–217, 221, 226, 236, 250. See also Element type

R

Radar cross section (RCS), 39, 55, 288, 458

Bistatic RCS, 48, 49, 55, 325, 330, 420, 424, 465–469, 471, 473

Bistatic RCS mode, 228, 323, 351, 356, 361, 366

Monostatic RCS, 40, 42, 44, 45, 50, 55, 248, 348, 349, 377, 424, 458–462

Monostatic RCS mode, 228, 345, 374,

Radiation pattern, 231, 232, 258, 275, 325, 327, 328, 378–380, 399, 401, 403, 404, 407, 410, 411, 413, 416, 417, 428–431, 433, 435, 436, 440, 442, 445–448, 450–453, 455, 481, 513–515

2D, 260, 283–295, 301, 302, 304, 307, 410, 431, 436, 440

3D, 259, 283, 295–301, 327, 328, 340, 341, 456–458

Radome, 382, 383, 451, 522, 526, 527

Random access memory (RAM), 65, 73, 77–79, 266–270, 444, 445

Range

frequency range, see Frequency

near-field range, 256, 257

radiation (scattering) pattern range, 258, 259

Rao–Wilton–Glisson (RWG), see Basis function

Rectangle, see Object

Registering, 88–90

Reset, 506, 507

mesh data, see Mesh

MPI, 266

range, 292, 293, 298, 299

Resistor, 242, 389, 394, 395, 528

Resolution, 292, 298, 364, 372, 376, 380, 385, 391, 398, 431

measurement, 451

video, 310–312

Revert, 506, 507

Rfast, see Mesher

Right-hand side, 74

Right-looking algorithm, 67, 68, 71–73

Right-truncated cone, 17, 18, 20, 323. See also Truncated cone

Rjump, see Mesher

Rotate

button, 100, 277, 330

menu, 97. See also Mouse menu

Rotation, see Manipulation

Rsurf, see Mesher

Run environment, 96, 266, 270

Run HOBBIES menu, 96

S

S parameter, see Network parameters

Satellite, 457, 458

Scalable linear algebra package (ScaLAPACK), see Library package

Scale, see Manipulation

Scatterer

coated surface, 361, 362, 364, 365, 366, 527

composite prism, 366, 367, 370, 527

conducting cube, 43, 46, 48, 49, 330, 333, 526

conducting plate, 374, 376, 377, 428, 429, 527

comer reflector, 419–421, 424, 425, 528, 529

dielectric cube, 43, 45, 48, 49, 350–352, 356, 360, 526, 527

linear wire, 39, 40, 323, 325, 527

Scatterer modes, see Operation mode

Scattering pattern, 258, 275, 323, 324, 346, 348, 351, 353, 354, 364, 376, 420, 422. See also Radiation pattern

2D, 260, 277, 278, 283, 301

3D, 277, 278, 295, 309, 313, 314

Segment, see Element type

Segment basis function, see Basis function

Segment label, see Label

Serial solvers, 265, 269, 270

Ship, 471–476

Show mesh errors, 212

Simplex (Nelder-Mead) method, see Optimization algorithms

Simplify NURBS, 173, 182

Simulated model, 275, 278–281, 297

Single-core, see CPU

Singleton, 23, 30

Slab, 65, 66, 68, 71, 73, 79, 80

Slab solver, 68

one-slab solver, 73

Slotted waveguide array, see Antenna array

Smooth elements, see Element

Solver

in-core, 60, 100, 266, 269

out-of-core, 64, 76, 266–270

Sommerfeld, 428, 431, 432, 435, 436

Sphere, 16, 42, 50–52, 100, 126–132, 172, 522, 523. See also Object

Structured mesh, see Mesh

Subtraction, see Boolean operations

Surface

bilinear surface, 14, 17–20, 24, 32, 34, 35, 118

Boolean operations, 186–188. See also Boolean operations

label, see Label

list, 118–121

mesh, 167, 206, 209. See also Mesh

NURBS surface, 9, 14–16, 144, 160, 163–167, 173, 176, 177, 181–183, 185, 196, 203, 204, 214, 216, 329, 350, 354

parametric surface, 9–12, 14, 129, 143–145, 147–149, 166

Surface-to-surface junction, see Junction

Surface integral equation (SIE), see Integral equation

Swap arc, 162, 173, 178

Sweep, see Manipulation

Symbol, 103, 129, 153, 480, 481, 487, 489–491, 493, 506, 507, 509–511, 513

list, 101, 112, 153–156, 493, 494, 513, 514

Symmetry, 248, 249, 403, 407, 419

Anti-Symmetry, 249, 399, 407, 415, 424

PEC, 249

PMC, 249

T

Tank, 461–465

Test (benchmark) function, 507–509

Testing function, 31–34, 76, 78

Time

CPU time, 35, 261, 264, 268, 445

Toolbar in post-processing

EM, 277, 278

Info and option, 277, 278

Standard, 277

View operation, 277

Toolbar in pre-processing

Geometry and view operation, 99

HOBBIES solution setting, 100

Numerate, 100

Run HOBBIES, 100

Standard, 99

Top menu, see Menu

Torus, see Object

Translation, see Manipulation

Transverse electromagnetic (TEM), 36–39, 245, 246, 403

Truncated cone, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 22, 31, 323, 458, 460–462

Tutorial, 96, 105, 525, 526

U

Uncollapse, 184

Union, see Boolean operations

Units, 103, 228, 229, 249, 277, 401, 404, 418

Unstructured mesh, see Mesh

Utilities menu, 93, 94, 99, 162, 183, 196, 211, 222, 224, 517, 520

V

View

domains, see Domain

errors, 270, 272

geometry, 190, 330

mesh, 205, 209, 217, 219, 222, 330

process information, 270

View menu, 93, 274

Virtual memory, 65

Voltage

matrix, 58

standing wave radio (VSWR), 447

Volume, 93, 100, 125–128, 169–171, 173, 174, 176, 183, 184, 188, 189, 191, 195, 196, 213, 214, 519

Boolean operations, 188, 189. See also Boolean operations

label, see Label

list, 101, 126

W

Wave, see Excitation

Weight, 180, 181, 204, 205, 480, 481, 499, 500, 503–505, 510

Weighting function, see Testing function

Windows, see Operating system

Wire, 112–117

conical, 18, 35–37, 322

label, see Label

list, 101, 112–116, 150, 156, 158–161, 236, 238, 255, 262, 263, 324, 325, 327, 334, 336, 338, 340, 341, 344, 345, 348, 370, 372, 384, 386, 387, 389, 390, 392–394, 397, 399, 401, 403, 404, 407, 410, 411, 413, 416, 417, 428, 430, 433, 435, 437, 440

Wire-to-surface junction, see Junction

Wire-to-wire junction, see Junction

X

XP, see Windows

Y

Y parameter, see Network parameters

Z

Z parameter, see Network parameters

Zero-field region, 5

Zoom, 97, 99, 277, 293, 445. See also View menu