Index
A
Achievement Habit, The (Roth), 108, 131
Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are? (De Waal), 66
artificial intelligence (AI), 15, 17, 18–20, 21, 31, 171
automation, 2–4, 15–20, 31, 153–54
B
Berns, Gregory, 108
Bourne, Lyle, Jr., 116–17, 143
breathing, 82, 86–87, 106, 145
Bridgewater Associates: critical thinking tools at, 104
ignorance embraced at, 46–47, 51
and mindfulness practice, 85–86
organizational system of, as NewSmart, 158, 183
and psychological distancing, 107
Radical Transparency policy, 70, 179
Brown, Brené, 53–54
C
Catmull, Ed, 7, 44–45, 71–72, 175–78
choice, power of: in behavior, 77, 105
and mindfulness practice, 82, 83, 88–89
and Reflective Listening, 119–20
collaboration: and emotional intelligence, 110, 111–12, 114
at Google, 172
and identifying with one’s beliefs, 41–42, 43
as “making meaning together,” 28, 157
and Reflective Listening, 115
and SMA Skills, 3, 4, 23, 28, 31, 114
Collins, Jim, 69
Colvin, Geoff, 31
Cook, Scott, 70
Connor-Davidson Resiliance Scale, 81
Creative Confidence (Kelley and Kelley), 56, 106
Creative Habit, The (Tharp), 101, 107
Creativity (Csikszentmihalyi), 53
creativity: and definitions of “smart,” 6, 32
ego and fear as inhibiting, 32, 45
and future business trends, 3, 4, 22, 154
Humility as fostering, 67
impediments to, natural and cultural, 4, 5, 23, 28
and Managing Self, 98, 105, 107
and mindfulness practice, 84, 88–89
mistakes/failures as opportunities for, 51–53, 55–56, 178
open-mindedness as key to, 49
at Pixar, 175–78
tools for, 101
Creativity Inc. (Catmull), 71–72, 175
Critical Thinking (Paul and Elder), 39
critical thinking: defined, 24
and definitions of “smart,” 32
and future business trends, 3, 22
Humility as fostering, 60, 63, 67
identifying with one’s beliefs, 39–46
impediments to, natural and cultural, 4–5, 23, 24–27
and mindfulness practice, 84
open-mindedness as key to, 49–50
team approach to, 4, 60, 110, 126
tools for, 100, 102–4. See also thinking.
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, 53
D
Dalio, Ray, 7, 46–47, 70, 85–86, 89–90, 107, 131
Davidson, Richard, 106
Deci, Edward L., 162
Dennett, Daniel, 29
Dialogue: The Art of Thinking Together (Isaacs), 117
E
Eastern philosophy, 8, 48, 63, 85
economic impact of technology, 2–4, 18–20, 154
Edmondson, Amy, 166
ego: “big me” culture, 60–61, 68
and emotional intelligence, 112–13
fear and, as learning inhibitors, 7, 11, 32, 37, 45, 47, 105
identifying with one’s beliefs, 39–46
and mediocrity principle, 65–66, 90
NewSmart Organization as mitigating, 11, 155, 156, 169, 179
and perfectionism, 54
and positive self-talk, 108–9
and Reflective Listening, 116–18. See also Humility; Quieting Ego
Ehrenreich, Barbara, 93
Elder, Linda, 26, 39–40, 42, 45, 50
emotional engagement (SMA Skill): and definitions of “smart,” 32, 38
and future business trends, 3, 22, 154
impediments to, natural and cultural, 4–5, 23
as team oriented, 60
emotional intelligence (EI), 110–14, 170
emotions: cognition as intertwined with, 4, 26–27, 105, 106
gratitude, practice of, 92–93
and mindfulness practice, 81, 82, 84–85, 89, 105
positive emotions in work environment, 160–61
sensitivity to, 110–14. See also fear
Ericsson, Anders, 143
evolutionary biology, 4, 24–25, 28–29, 105
Explaining Creativity (Sawyer), 101
Extreme Ownership, 72
F
failure: learning from, 6, 28–29, 51–56, 173, 178
permission to fail, 166, 172, 173, 174, 177–78
fear: ego and, as learning inhibitors, 7, 11, 32, 37, 45, 47, 105
innovation as stifled by, 159, 160
management of, 107–8
of mistakes and failure, 28–29, 52–53, 179
NewSmart Organization as mitigating, 11, 155, 156, 166–68, 169, 175–76, 179
Firestein, Stuart, 48
fight-flee-or-freeze response, 4, 28–29, 95, 105
Ford, Martin, 20
Fredrickson, Barbara, 5, 77–78, 123, 160
G
Gardner, Howard, 20
gender differences, 111–12, 170
Gilbert, Daniel, 80
Give and Take (Grant), 69
giving (generosity), as tied to success, 69
Gollwitzer, Peter, 109
and employment trends, 20
Humility as mindset at, 8, 71, 171–72
hyperlearning environment of, 171–75
organizational system of, 158, 169, 170, 183
gratitude, practice of, 92–93
Greek philosophy, 38, 47, 48, 63, 64
H
Handbook on Character Strengths and Virtues (Peterson and Seligman), 49
Hassabis, Dennis, 17
Healy, Alice, 143
Horniman, Alec, 130
Humans Are Underrated (Colvin), 31
Humble Consulting (Schein), 129
Humble Inquiry (Schein), 118–19
and emotional intelligence, 112, 113
and gratitude, 92
as hero of SMA story, 8–9, 187
intellectual tradition of, 63–64
misperceptions of, 60–62
organizations with mindset of, 8, 69–72, 171–72, 177
and Otherness, 127
and perfectionism, 53
psychology of, 64–68
Reflection Time questions, 66, 73
and Reflective Listening, 67, 116–17
hyperlearning, defined, 159
I
Iconoclast (Berns), 108
if-then implementation plans, 109–10
ignorance (not knowing), embrace of, 46–51, 70, 84, 119, 157
Ignorance: How It Drives Science (Firestein), 48
Immunity to Change (Kegan and Lahey), 148
income inequality, 2
Industrial Revolution: jobs lost to technology in, 3
learning not a priority in, 21
mental models from, 6, 31, 33, 35
and organizational systems, 157
transformative nature of, 1, 18, 19
Inevitable, The (Kelly), 19
innovation: and definitions of “smart,” 6, 32
fear as biggest inhibitor of, 159, 160
and future business trends, 3, 21, 22, 52, 154–55
at Google, 171–75
Humility as fostering, 67, 68, 69, 70–71
impediments to, natural and cultural, 4, 5, 23, 27–28
and Managing Self, 98
and mindfulness practice, 81, 83, 84, 88–89
mistakes/failures as opportunities for, 51–52, 55–56, 173
open-mindedness as key to, 49
team approach to, 4, 27, 31, 60, 110, 115, 126, 170
intelligence. See artificial intelligence; emotional intelligence; NewSmart
Intuit, 8, 52–53, 70–71, 101, 158, 179
Intuition Pumps and Other Tools for Thinking (Dennett), 29
Isen, Alice, 160
J
James, William, 80–81
Johnson, Steven, 51–52
K
Kabat-Zinn, Jon, 80, 81, 82, 84, 86, 87
Kahneman, Daniel, 24–26, 43, 48, 100, 102
Kaplan, Jerry, 12
Kegan, Robert, 148–49
Kelly, Kevin, 19
Killingsworth, Matthew, 80
knowledge workers, 2–3, 18, 22, 31–33, 119
Kross, Ethan, 109
L
Lahey, Lisa Laskow, 148–49
leadership: and future business trends, 154–55
and Humility, 69–72
and Reflective Listening, 121
role modeling of behaviors, 159, 167–68, 180–81
and Self-Determination Theory, 163–65
and small-team structures, 170
and stress-testing of business models, 98
training of managers, as insufficient, 23
learning: ego and fear as inhibiting, 7, 11, 32, 37, 45, 47, 105
at Google, 171–75
Humility as fostering, 8, 63–65, 177
hyperlearning, defined, 159
as iterative or continuous, 6, 20–21, 28, 32, 51, 154, 155, 177
listening as essential to, 117
mistakes/failures as opportunities for, 6, 28–29, 51–56, 173, 178
and organizational systems, 155, 157, 170
at Pixar, 175–78
Learn or Die (Hess), 46–47, 162
Lehman, Darrin, 63–64
listening. See Reflective Listening
M
management, workplace. See leadership
Managing Self, 95–114
Assessment Tool for, 136–38
benefits of, 95–96
and emotional intelligence, 110–14
emotions, management of, 105–10, 138
Reflection Time questions, 99, 110, 114
relation of, to other NewSmart Behaviors, 76, 78, 123–24
slowing down, practice of, 96–97
thinking, management of, 97–104, 136–37
Marshmallow Test, The (Mischel), 76, 109–10
Maslow, Abraham, 156
mediocrity principle, 65–66, 90
Mindset (Dweck), 54
Mindfulness (Penman), 82–83
Mindfulness for Beginners (Kabat-Zinn), 86–87
mindfulness: meditation in practice, 81–82, 85–90
and “meta-emotions,” 105
and positive self-talk, 109
principles and benefits of, 80–85
and Reflective Listening, 117, 145
Mischel, Walter, 76, 107, 109–10
modesty vs. humility, 68
Myers, P. Z., 65–66
N
Neff, Kristin, 61
NewSmart, 35–57
as hero of SMA story, 8–9, 187
identifying with quality, not content, of beliefs, 39–46
ignorance (not knowing), embrace of, 46–51
and Managing Self, 97
measurement criteria for, 6–7, 36–37
mistakes/failures as learning opportunities, 51–56
outdated mentality, dangers of, 35–36
principles of, listed, 38
vs. quantity-based definitions of “smart,” 6–7, 31–33
Reflection Time questions, 42, 44, 50, 57
NewSmart Behaviors, overview of, 5, 9–10, 33, 75–78. See also Managing Self; Otherness; Quieting Ego; Reflective Listening
NewSmart Behaviors Assessment Tool, 133–49
for Managing Self, 136–38
for Otherness, 140–41
for Quieting Ego, 135–36
for Reflective Listening, 139–40
using results of, 142–49
NewSmart Organization, 153–86
Assessment Tool for, 183–86
emotional competencies as key to, 159–60, 169–70
future business trends, listed, 153–55
Google’s hyperlearning environment, 171–75
Pixar’s hyper-learning environment, 175–78
positive emotions, power of, 160–61
processes, importance of, 179–81
psychological foundations of, listed, 11, 156
Psychological Safety in, 166–68
Reflection Time questions, 161, 164, 165, 167
and Self-Determination Theory, 162–65
technology as humanizing force in, 10, 156–58
Ng, Andrew, 19
No Humans Need Apply (Kaplan), 12
O
Oettingen, Gabrielle, 109
Old Smart: ego’s investment in, 38, 40, 43, 123
mistakes/failures not tolerated in, 6, 52, 53, 55, 56
organizations modeled on, 157
Originals: How Non-Conformists Move the World (Grant), 166
Otherness (emotionally connecting to others), 123–31
Assessment Tool for, 140–41
Dutton’s keys to, 124–25
Humility as fostering, 67, 127
and language choices, 130–31
Reflection Time questions, 124, 130
relation of, to other NewSmart Behaviors, 76, 78, 123–24
workplace relations, 125–29
P
Pagel, Mark, 49
Paul, Richard, 26, 39–40, 42, 45, 50
Penman, Mark, 49
perfectionism, 53–55
Pixar: Humility as mindset at, 8, 71–72
hyperlearning environment of, 175–78
and identifying with one’s beliefs, 44–45
organizational system of, 158, 169, 170, 183
positive self-talk, 108–9
positivity, 11, 156, 160–61, 169, 179
Positivity (Frederickson), 77–78
Powell, Lili, 86
PreMortem tool (Klein), 101–2
Principles of Psychology (James), 80–81
psychological distancing, 107
Psychological Safety, 11, 156, 166–68, 169, 172–74, 175, 177, 179
Q
Quieting Ego, 79–93
Assessment Tool for, 135–36
daily reminders for, 90–92
gratitude, practice of, 92–93
inner talk, negative aspects of, 79–80
mindfulness meditation in practice, 81–82, 85–90
mindfulness principles and benefits, 80–85
Reflection Time questions, 83, 86, 90, 93
and Reflective Listening, 116–18
relation of, to other NewSmart Behaviors, 76, 78, 123–24
Quinn, Jim, 70
R
rationality, 26–27
Reflection Time, guidelines for, 34
Reflective Listening, 115–22
asking vs. telling, 118–20
Assessment Tool for, 139–40
Assessment Tool results, building on, 144–45, 148–49
checklist for, 120–21
Humility as fostering, 67, 116–17
importance of, 115–16
and NewSmart Organization, 157
and Quieting Ego, 116–18
Reflection Time questions, 118, 119, 122
relation of, to other NewSmart Behaviors, 76, 78, 123–24
reframing of negative situations, 107–8
Rise of the Robots (Ford), 20
robot apocalypse, fears of, 15, 17
root cause analysis, 100
Rovelli, Carlo, 49
Ryan, Richard, 162
S
Sawyer, R. Keith, 101
scientific method, 38, 46, 48–51, 173–74, 176
Self-Determination Theory, 11, 156, 162–65, 169, 174, 176–77, 179
self-regulation. See Managing Self
slowing down, practice of, 96–97
Smart Machine Age (SMA), 15–34
economic impact of, 2–4, 18–20, 154
humanness as blessing and curse in, 23–29
Humility as key to success in, 7–9, 60, 72
(see also Humility); vs. Industrial Revolution, 1, 3, 18, 19, 21
inward vs. outward focus in, 29–31
jobs left to humans in, 3, 21–23, 31, 154–55
machines’ increasing autonomy and intelligence, 2–3, 15–18, 171, 188
mental models for, 33–34
personal career implications of, 1–2, 4, 11–12
Reflection Time questions, 34
“smart” as defined in, 6–7, 31–33, 36–37
(see also NewSmart); as team oriented, 4, 60, 110, 112, 126, 158, 170
SMA Skills: collaboration as key to, 28, 31, 114
and future business trends, 3–4, 21–23, 31, 153–55
Humility as fostering, 7, 65, 66–67, 72
impediments to, natural and cultural, 4–5, 23–29
NewSmart Behaviors as fundamental to, 5, 9, 33, 75–78, 120
NewSmart ideals as fostering, 31–32, 56–57
and openness to new information, 29–31
and organizational excellence, 159, 179–81
and Reflective Listening, 115, 119
and scientific thinking, 48
and slowing down, 96
and stress-testing of beliefs, 130
Smith, Brad, 70
stress-testing of beliefs, 21, 37, 66, 67, 98, 102, 130–31
System 1 vs. System 2 thinking, 24–26, 96, 98, 117
T
Tangey, June Price, 65
Tanzi, Rudy, 108
technology: advances in, as transformative, 2–3, 15–18, 171, 188
economic impact of, 2–4, 18–20, 154
as humanizing the work environment, 10, 156–58
jobs left to humans due to, 3, 21–23, 31, 154–55
Tegmark, Max, 49
Thinking, Fast and Slow (Kahneman), 24, 43, 48
thinking: critical thinking, defined, 24
in dichotomies, 131
emotions as intertwined with, 4, 26–27, 105, 106
and evolutionary biology, 4, 24–25, 28–29, 105
Humility as fostering, 60, 63, 67
identifying with one’s beliefs, 39–46
and mindfulness practice, 80–90
not knowing, being good at, 46–51, 70, 84, 119, 157
openness to new information, 29–31, 41, 46, 49–51, 116–18
processing speed, 118
scientific method, 38, 46, 48–51, 173–74, 176
speed of cognitive processing, 118
System 1 vs. System 2, 24–26, 96, 98, 117
team approach to, 4, 60, 110, 126. See also learning
Train Your Mind for Peak Performance (Bourne and Healy), 143
Transparent Self, The (Jourard), 125
Tweed, Roger, 63–64
U
US military, 8, 72, 100–101, 158, 161, 183
W
Waal, Frans de, 66
Wagner, Tony, 20
Wallace, Amy, 45
Where Good Ideas Come From (Johnson), 51
Willingham, Daniel, 24
workers: autonomy of, 162–64, 172
contingent workers, rise of, 2, 20
and income inequality, 2
jobs lost to technology, 3–4, 18–20
jobs that will survive SMA, 3, 21–23, 31, 154–55
knowledge workers, 2–3, 18, 22, 31–33, 119
Work Rules! Insights from Inside Google … (Bock), 71, 173
World Economic Forum, 22