Subject Index

A

Alzheimer’s disease, see Dementia

Amnesia, see also Method of vanishing cues

anterograde, 136, 137–138

organic, 138

psychogenic, 136–138, 149

Arousal, 116, 118–119

thematically induced, 116, 119–126, 128–130

visually induced, 116, 119–126, 128–130

Attention, 119–121, 124–126, 128–129

magnets, 123

Autobiographical memory, 79, 133, 193–195, 207–212

B

Beliefs,

as a predictor of memory work participation, 246–249

influence on memory, 236–238, 252–254

Blocking, 166–167

C

Categorization, 9–10

Cerebral representation, see Neuroscience

Cognitive interview, 165, 158, 186–187

enhanced, 295–300

and errors, 301–302

limitations, 302–303

original, 292–295, 298–299

training, 303–304

Computers,

learning to use, see Skill acquisition Confirmatory bias, 236–237

defined, 236

Constructivism, 158, 164

Context, 175–177, 179–188, 293–294

external, 139–142

internal, 139–142, 150

reinstatement, 215

D

Day of Week (DOW), 199, 201–204

Demand characteristics, 176

Dementia, 311–312, 315–321

Alzheimer’s disease, 311–312, 319, 321

“E-I-E-I-O” model of treatment, 312, 322

external memory aids, 313–318, 320–321

spaced-retrieval as a memory aid, 318–320

Depression, 15, 89–110

memory biases, 89–96

conceptual encoding account, 95, 106–107

strategic retrieval account, 95, 106–107

treatment, 91, 108–110

Discriminant function analysis, 242–249

Dissociative reactions, 135–136, 140, 147

Distinctiveness,

linear versus matrix array, 224–228

von Restorff effect, 136–138

Document search, 10

Dose response function, 115

E

Easterbrook hypothesis, 116, 126, 128–129

Ecological validity, 72

Emotion, 8–9, 115–117, 121

positive effect on memory, 115–117, 121

negative effect on memory, 115–116, 126, 128

Emotional stress, 145–147

Encoding, 145–147

Encoding specificity, 176–177

Episodic memory, 195–198, 204–208, 280

Event dating,

core details, 195–198

effects of long retention intervals, 203–204

exact dates, 195–198

individual differences, 200–204

peripheral details, 198–203

schematic information, 201–203

temporal schema, 198–203

Event memory, 176, 180, 183, 294

effects of long retention intervals, 203–204

individual differences, 201–205

Everyday memory, 69, 71–83

Evolution, 134, 136

Explicit memory, 51, 313–318

Explicit tasks, 92–96

Eye fixations, 134–142

Eyewitness memory, 70–71, 133, 146–148, 165, 176, 180–184, 186, 210–211, 279, 291

F

False memory, 3–4

Familiarity, 219, 228

Figure-ground separation, 259–260

Flashbulb memories, 76, 79–81, 134, 144–145

Focusing

psychological, 147–152

weapon, 119–120, 126, 128, 143

Forgetting, 158, 166–171

Frye rule, 291–292

Fuzzy trace, 158–159, 161–162, 165, 167, 171

accessibility, 166

age, 160

cueing, 160–161, 164

delay, 167

gist, 159–171

verbatim, 159–171

G, H

Genetics, 7–8

Hypermnesia, 139, 168, 169

Hypnosis, 291

I, J

Imagery, 258–259

Implicit memory, 51–52, 313–314, 318–320

Implicit tasks, 92–96

Individual differences, 73, 177

Inference, 158–160, 163–164

Interference, 158–165

and age, 163–164

Jury decision-making, 16–17

L

Learning versus relearning, 223–224

Legal issues,

see False memory

see Jury decision making

Police line-ups, 17

see Speech perception

Levels of processing, 55–57

M

Memory,

accuracy, 78–81

versus consistency, 80–81

autobiographical, see Autobiographical memory

beliefs about, 238–246, 249–254

beliefs about traumatic, 241–242, 250

central details, 116–120, 124–129, 142–144, 149, 152

client’s beliefs about, 233–234

for core details, 194, 204–205

and depression, see Depression

distortion, 157, 161, 165–171, 264, 270

episodic, see Episodic memory

explicit memory, see Explicit memory

eyewitness, see Eyewitness memory

for faces, 258, 260–262, 264

caricature recognition, 263

false memory, see False memory

flashbulb, see Flashbulb memory

forgetting, see Forgetting

for graphs, 271

impairment, 6,

see also Amnesia

see also Dementia

implicit memory, see Implicit memory

item and order information,

defined, 215

memory for temporal sequence, 222–227

memory for spatial arrangement, 222–227

tests of, 223–224, 225–226

long-term retention,

experience, 217–220

familiarity, 217–220

procedural reinstatement, 215–216, 228, 216

maintenance,

memory for course schedules, 215–217

memory for word lists, 220–227

for maps, 217, 267–269

misconceptions about, 234, 242, 249–250

and mood, see Mood

peripheral details, 116–119, 121, 128, 142–143, 149–150, 152

permanence, 241

post-event elaboration, 115–116, 128

prenatal, 234, 242

recall strategies, 178–180, 184

recovery, 243, 246–249

retention interval, 115–116, 118, 143–145, 161, 167–168

for source, see Source monitoring

storage failures, 158, 159, 160, 161, 166–167

suppression, 135

Metamemory, 12–13

Method of vanishing cues, 51–52

Mnemonics, 13–14

Models,

complexity ot, 53–54

context, importance of, 50–55 1

extra-theoretical factors, 52

uses in basic and applied research, 57

variance accounted for, 53

Mood,

congruency and memory, 89–92

and depression, 89–96, 106–110

induction, 97–103

Velten Procedure, 97, 97–103

mood dependent retrieval, 139–140

N

Naturalistic versus laboratory tasks, 72–83, 217–228

correlation versus causality, 74

Neural circuitry, see Neuroscience

Neuroscience, 7–10

O, P

Outshining hypothesis, 185

Pain, 135

Procedural knowledge, 217

Processing,

conceptually driven, 93–96

pre-attentivc, 134–135, 146, 151

structurally driven, 93–96

R

Recall, 158

Recognition, 158

Reintegration, 166, 168–169

Repeated questions, 168–169

Research,

attributes of,

applied, 5, 71–72

basic, 4–5, 71–72

interaction of basic and applied, 5–26, 46–55

basic/applied cycle, 27, 48

cultural differences, 28–32

efforts to improve, 60–65

impediments to, 18–20, 59

professional organizations, 29–30

publications, 30

recommendations for improving, 39–41

specialization in, 37–38

standard account of, 26–27

tetrahedral model of, 58

methodology,

basic versus applied, 34–35

inferential processes, 33

pilot research, 35–36

set selection, 74–78

replication of results, 36–37

sampling issues, 76–78

Retrieval, 138–139, 140–141, 145–147, 166

S

Search of Associative Memory (SAM), 53–54

Schema,

and autobiographical memory, 209–210

and event dating, see Event dating

temporal, see Event dating

Schematic memory

defined, 206

and event dating, see Event dating

individual differences, 208–209

persistence of, 205

Scientific principles, 33–34

Scripts, 210

Serial killer, 135, 140

Skill acquisition, 11–12

Social psychology, 16–18

Source monitoring, 168, 237–238

misattributions, 157–159, 161–163, 165, 168

Spatial memory, 266–273

alignment, 267–268

direction estimates, 270

distance estimates, 269–270

landmarks, 268–269

perspective, 269

reference frame, 269–272

reference object, 271–272

Speech perception, 10–11

Structured interviews, 178–179, 181–184

Suggestibility, 157–159, 161–162, 165–169

Surveys, 25–26, 211–212

T

Taste preferences, 14–15

Temporal trace,

defined, 206

evidence against, 206–207

Therapy, 252–253

Transfer Appropriate Processing, 56–57, 93–96

Truth, 32–33

Tunnel memory, 136, 147–150, 151–152

V

Visual memory, 257–266

perceptual factors, 259–264, 269

canonical view, 262

grouping of visual elements, 269–270

symmetry, 259, 261

conceptual factors, 264–266

familiarity, 262–263

typicality, 264–265

schema, 264–265

W, Y

Working memory, 281–284

Yerkes-Dodson, 114–115