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by Alan Bermingham
Location Lighting for Television
Cover
Half Title
Dedication
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Acknowledgements
1. Introduction
1.1 Overview
1.2 The need for lighting on location
2. Lighting basics
2.1 Psychology of perception
2.2 Light units
2.3 Inverse square law – Nature’s law
2.4 Cosine law – or you don’t get something for nothing!
2.5 Reflection of light – direct/diffuse
2.6 Reflection of light – glare reflection
3. Television camera basics
3.1 The television signal
3.2 Tonal reproduction and gamma
3.3 Tonal reproduction, dynamic range and knee
3.4 Camera sensors – CCD basics
3.5 Features of CCD processing
4. Television optics
4.1 Focal length
4.2 Angle of view (horizontal)
4.3 Lens aperture (f-number or f-stop)
4.4 Depth of field
5. Colour television
5.1 Principles
5.2 Camera overview
6. Colour temperature/ND filters
6.1 Colour temperature – defining white
6.2 Colour temperature correction
6.3 MIRED
6.4 Change of camera white point
6.5 Colour temperature measurement
6.6 Correlated colour temperature and colour compensating filters
6.7 Neutral density filters
7. Camera sensitivity – how much light do we need?
7.1 Defining sensitivity
7.2 Factors affecting sensitivity
7.3 ASA rating and video cameras
8. Light sources
8.1 Choice of light source
8.2 Tungsten and tungsten halogen sources
8.3 Discharge sources – general
8.4 Discharge sources – operating practices and safety
8.5 Discharge sources – xenon
8.6 Discharge sources – CDM
8.7 Discharge sources – fluorescent sources
9. Luminaires
9.1 Luminaires – general
9.2 The Fresnel spotlight or soft-edged spotlight
9.3 Luminaire performance
9.4 Control of beam shape
9.5 Control of light intensity on location
9.6 Softlights – general principles
9.7 Softlights – bounce
9.8 Use of diffusion
9.9 Softlights in practice
9.10 Softlights – specials
9.11 Open-faced luminaires
9.12 Hard-edged projectors
9.13 Broad sources/cyclorama units and ground rows
9.14 PAR lights
9.15 Scrollers and dowsers
9.16 Special lights – Dedolight
9.17 Fluorescent luminaires (coldlights)
9.18 On-camera and battery lighting
9.19 Specials
9.20 Moving lights – intelligent lights
10. Dimmers on location
10.1 Dimmers
10.2 Dimmer law
10.3 Control of dimmers – DMX/512 (Digital Multiplex/512)
11. Lighting grip equipment
11.1 Basics
11.2 Stand accessories
11.3 Super-clamps and telescopic poles
11.4 Clamps
11.5 Scaffolding, trussing and scissor lifts
12. Electrical essentials
12.1 Electrical mains supplies – basics
12.2 Installations
12.3 Electrical safety
12.4 Use of generator
13. Safety
14. Basic lighting on location
14.1 Basic lighting kit
14.2 Effect of light – not just illumination!
14.3 Basic portraiture – ‘creating a good likeness’
14.4 Keylight – practicalities
14.5 Fill-light, fill or filler
14.6 Control of light – use of inverse square law
14.7 The backlight
14.8 Background light
14.9 Kicker
14.10 Lighting the offset presenter
14.11 Interview lighting – single camera
14.12 Two-handed interview – multi-camera
15. Lighting in the real world
15.1 Basic observations
15.2 Creating the illusion of reality
15.3 Coping with reality
15.4 Coping with excessive contrast
15.5 Lighting continuity
16. Vision control and measurements
16.1 Vision control – the essence of good picture quality
16.2 Use of colour monitor
16.3 Light measurement – incident light meters
16.4 Light measurement – spotmeter
16.5 Zebra/Picoscope/Vical – aids to exposure and continuity
17. Exterior lighting
17.1 Observing the day
17.2 Daylight exteriors
18. Expanding the basics
18.1 Lighting for subject movement – basics
18.2 Lighting for subject movement – setting a crossover
18.3 Lighting for subject movement – alternatives
18.4 Creating mood – the implicit requirements
18.5 On-camera filters
18.6 Lighting effects
18.7 Lighting demonstrations
18.8 Pack shots
18.9 Conference lighting
18.10 Silhouette lighting
18.11 Chroma key on location
18.12 Lighting musicians
18.13 Lighting in public places (supermarkets/offices/hospitals)
18.14 Stadia lighting – night
18.15 Stadia lighting – special events
18.16 Street lighting
18.17 Lighting in churches
18.18 Night-lighting – principles
18.19 Night-lighting – practice
18.20 Lighting for cars
18.21 Cars at night
19. Planning essentials
19.1 Planning
19.2 Strategy, lighting kits and timescales
20. Lighting and sound pick-up
21. Lighting standards
Bibliography
Glossary
Basic conversion table
Index
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