Appendix: MATLAB® characters, operators and commands
Character, operator | Description | Page(s) |
+ | Addition | 6, 19 |
– | Subtraction | 6 |
* | Scalar and matrix multiplication | 6, 20 |
.* | Element-wise multiplication | 28 |
/ | Right division | 6, 26 |
Left division | 6, 26 | |
./ | Element-wise right division | 28 |
. | Element-wise left division | 28 |
^ | Exponentiation | 6 |
.^ | Element-wise exponentiation | 28 |
= | Assignment | 6 |
% | Percent; use for comments and for output format specification | 6, 11 |
() | Parentheses; use for input arguments and in matrix addressing | 6, 15, 18 |
[] | Brackets; use for vector, matrix, array elements input | 15, 17 |
(space) | Space; separates elements into arrays, and adds into output specifications | 15, 18 |
, | Comma; separates elements into arrays, and commands on the same line | 6, 15 |
: | Semicolon | 6 |
… | Ellipsis | 6 |
< | Less than | 34 |
> | Greater than | 34 |
<= | Less than or equal to | 34 |
>= | Greater than or equal to | 34 |
= = | Equal | 34 |
~= | Not equal | 34 |
& | Logical AND | 35 |
| | Logical OR | 35 |
~ | Logical NOT | 35 |
Command | Description | Page |
clear | Remove variables from the Workspace | 10 |
clc | Clear the Command Window | 6 |
close | Closes one or more Figure Windows | 53 |
help | Displays explanations for commands | 7 |
help graph2d | Displays list of 2D graphs | 76 |
help graph3d | Displays list of 3D graphs | 76 |
help specgraph | Displays list of specialized graph commands | 76 |
doc | Displays HTML documentation in the Help window | 9 |
function | Creates a new function | 100 |
global | Declares a global variable | 102 |
lookfor | Search for the word in all help entries | 9 |
ver | Displays versions of the MATLAB® products | 171 |
who | Displays variables stored in the Workspace | 10 |
whos | Displays Workspace variables and additional information about the variables | 10 |
Predefined variables and elementary math functions
Variable, Function | Description | Page |
abs | Absolute value | 7 |
ans | Last calculated or defined value | 8 |
exp | Exponential | 7 |
factorial | Factorial function | 7 |
floor | Round off toward minus infinity | 7 |
i | √–1 | 10 |
inf | Infinity | 10 |
j | The same as i | 10 |
log | Natural logarithm | 7 |
log10 | Decimal logarithm | 7 |
NaN | Not a number | 10 |
pi | Number π | 7 |
round | Round off toward nearest integer | 7 |
sqrt | Square root | 7 |
sin | Sine | 7 |
cos | Cosine | 7 |
tan | Tangent | 7 |
cot | Cotangent | 7 |
asin | Inverse sine | 7 |
acos | Inverse cosine | 7 |
atan | Inverse tangent | 7 |
acot | Inverse cotangent | 7 |
Relational and logical commands
Character, command | Description | Page |
and | Logical AND | 35 |
or | Logical OR | 35 |
not | Logical NOT | 35 |
find | Finds indices of certain elements of array | 35 |
Command | Description | Page(s) |
else | Is used with if | 37 |
elseif | conditionally execute if statement condition | 37 |
end | Terminates scope of for, while, if statements, or serves as last index | 17, 37 |
for | Repeat execution of command/s | 37 |
if | Conditionally execute | 37 |
while | Repeat execution of command/s | 38 |
Array, matrix, and vector commands
Command | Description | Page(s) |
colon (:) | Is used for creating a vector | 15 |
det | Calculates a determinant | 27 |
diag | Creates a diagonal matrix from a vector | 26 |
eye | Creates a unit matrix | 22, 26 |
inv | Calculates the inverse matrix | 22 |
length | Number of elements in vector | 26 |
reshape | Changes size of a matrix | 26 |
linspace | Generates a linearly spaced vector | 16 |
max | Returns maximal value | 27 |
min | Returns minimal value | 27 |
mean | Calculates mean value | 27 |
ones | Creates an array with ones | 25 |
rand | Generates an array with uniformly distributed random numbers | 25 |
randi | Generates an array with integer random numbers from uniform discrete distribution | 25, 27 |
randn | Generates an array with normally distributed numbers | 25 |
size | Size of array/matrix | 26 |
sort | Arranges elements in ascending or descending order | 27 |
std | Calculates standard deviation | 27 |
strvcat | Concatenates strings vertically | 26 |
sum | Calculates sum of elements | 27 |
Transpose (') | Transposes elements of an array | 19 |
zeros | Creates an array with zeros | 25 |
Input, output, display format, and convert commands
Command | Description | Page |
disp | Displays output | 11 |
fprintf | Displays or saves formatted output | 11 |
input | Prompts to user input | 99 |
format | Sets current output format | 8 |
num2str | Converts numbers to a string | 27 |
Two- and three-dimensional plotting and plot formatting
Command | Description | Page |
axis | Controls axis scaling and appearance | 57 |
bar | Generates vertical bars on the plot | 78 |
bar3 | Generates 3D vertical bars on the plot | 78 |
box, box on/off | Adds a box to the current axes, keeps/ removes a box on the axes | 68 |
clabel | Labels iso-level lines | 78 |
colormap | Sets colors | 68 |
contour | Creates a 2D-contour plot | 78 |
contour3 | Creates a 3D-contour plot | 78 |
cylinder | Generates a cylinder | 77 |
errorbar | Creates a plot with error-bounded points | 73 |
figure | Creates the Figure window | 77 |
fplot | Creates a 2D plot of a function | 77 |
gtext | Adds text with the help of the mouse | 59 |
grid | Adds grid lines | 57 |
hist | Plots a histogram | 73 |
hold on, hold of | Keeps current graph open, ends hold on | 53 |
legend | Adds a legend to the plot | 59 |
loglog | Generates a 2D plot with log axes | 77 |
mesh | Creates a 3D plot with meshed surface | 66 |
meshgrid | Creates X,Y matrices for further plotting | 65 |
pie | Creates a 2D pie plot | 79 |
pie3 | Creates a 3D pie plot | 79 |
plot | Creates a 2D plot | 53 |
plot3 | Creates a 3D plot with points and/or lines | 63 |
polar | Creates a 2D plot in polar coordinates | 77 |
polyfit | Fits the data by a polynomial | 114 |
polyval | Evaluates the polynomial value | 114 |
rotate3d | Interactively rotates a 3D plot | 72 |
semilogx | Creates a 2D plot with log-scaled x-axis | 75 |
semilogy | Creates a 2D plot with log-scaled y-axis | 75 |
sphere | Generates a sphere plot | 77 |
stem | Creates a 2D stem plot | 79 |
subplot | Places multiple plots on the same page | 55 |
surf | Creates a 3D surface plot | 66 |
surfc | Generates surface and counter plots together | 78 |
text | Adds text to the plot | 59 |
title | Adds a caption to the plot | 59 |
view | Specifies a viewpoint for 3D graph | 70 |
xlabel | Adds a label to x-axis | 59 |
ylabel | Adds a label to y-axis | 59 |
zlabel | Adds a label to z-axis | 63 |
Math functions, integration and differentiation
Command | Description | Page |
diff | Calculates a difference, approximates a derivative | 110 |
fzero | Solves a one-variable equation | 107 |
interpl | One-dimensional interpolation | 105 |
quad | Numerical integration with Simpson’s rule | 108 |
trapz | Numerical integration with the trapezoidal rule | 109 |
Ordinary and partial equation solvers
Command | Description | Page |
ode15s | Solves stiff ODEs | 135 |
ode15i | Solves implicit ODEs | 135 |
ode23 | Solves non-stiff ODEs | 135 |
ode23s | Solves stiff ODEs | 135 |
ode23t | Solves stiff ODEs | 135 |
ode23tb | Solves stiff ODEs | 135 |
ode45 | Solves non-stiff ODEs | 135 |
odell3 | Solves non-stiff ODEs | 135 |
odeset | Sets ODE options | 170 |
pdepe | Solves 1D parabolic and elliptic PDEs | 153 |
Bank access and sequence analysis
Command | Description | Page |
aa2nt | Converts a sequence of amino acids to a nucleotide sequence | 183 |
aacount | Counts amino acids in a sequence | 184 |
aminolookup | Finds amino acid or codon codes | 188 |
basecount | Counts nucleotides in sequence | 188 |
baselookup | Returns nucleotide codes | 188 |
blastncbi | Requests NCBI BLAST report and its ID | 181 |
codoncount | Calculates codons in nucleotide sequence | 189 |
dimercount | Calculates dimers in nucleotide sequence | 189 |
emblread | Reads data stored in EMBL-formatted file | 181 |
genbankread | Reads data stored in GenBank-formatted file | 178 |
genpeptread | Reads data stored in GenPept-formatted file | 180 |
getblast | Gets BLAST report generated in NCBI website | 182 |
getgenbank | Gets data from GenBank database | 178 |
getgenpept | Gets sequence info from GenPept database | 179 |
getgeodata | Gets data in GEO format | 180 |
getembl | Gets sequence info from EMBL database | 179 |
getpdb | Gets protein 3D data from PDB database | 180 |
molviewer | Generates 3D molecule image | 181 |
molweight | Calculates molecular weight of amino acids | 189 |
multialign | Aligns multiple sequences | 194 |
multialignviewer | Displays and interactively adjusts multiple sequence alignment | 197 |
nt2aa | Converts nucleotide to amino acid sequence | 206 |
ntdensity | Plots nucleotide densities along sequence | 186 |
nwalign | Aligns two sequences globally | 192 |
pdbread | Reads data stored in PDB-formatted file | 181 |
randseq | Generates letter-coded random sequence | 183 |
seqdotplot | Generates dot plot for two sequences | 194 |
seqshoworfs | Shows open reading frames | 184 |
showalignment | Displays results of alignment | 196 |
swalign | Aligns two sequences locally | 209 |
web | Opens website or file in Web Browser window | 175 |
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