Table of Contents

Cover image

Title page

Copyright

Contributors

Preface

Chapter 1: The neuroscience of meditation: classification, phenomenology, correlates, and mechanisms

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Deconstructing mindfulness

3 Classifying meditation techniques

4 Phenomenology

5 Structural and functional correlates of meditation practices

6 Oscillatory correlates of meditation

7 Mechanisms underlying meditation and attention regulation

8 Mechanisms underlying meditation and emotion regulation

9 Future perspectives

Chapter 2: Evolution from four mental states to the highest state of consciousness: A neurophysiological basis of meditation as defined in yoga texts

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Description of consciousness in yogic texts

3 Investigations on electro-neurophysiology of meditation

4 Conclusion

Chapter 3: Meditation induces physical relaxation and enhances cognition: A perplexing paradox

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 The meditation and relaxation response

3 Neuro-physiological model of meditation

4 The cognitive restructuring during meditation

5 Thought wandering and detection of intruding thoughts

6 Meditation can improve cognition

7 Possible mechanism of cognitive enhancement during meditation

8 The future research

Chapter 4: Contingent negative variation and P3 modulations following mindful movement training

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

Chapter 5: State-trait influences of Vipassana meditation practice on P3 EEG dynamics

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Experimental procedures

3 Results

4 Discussion

5 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Funding

Declarations of interest

Chapter 6: Short-term mindful breath awareness training improves inhibitory control and response monitoring

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Method

3 Results

4 Discussion

Acknowledgments

Chapter 7: Fully immersed: State absorption and electrophysiological effects of the OVO Whole-Body Perceptual Deprivation chamber

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

Acknowledgments

Chapter 8: Concentrative (Sahaj Samadhi) meditation training and visual awareness: An fMRI study on color afterimages

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Neuroimaging study with color afterimages

3 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Chapter 9: Toward a brain theory of meditation

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Characterizing different forms of meditation and their relationships

3 Brain networks, brain states and meditation

4 Conscious access, global workspace and meditation

5 Outline of a brain theory of meditation (BTM)

Acknowledgments

Chapter 10: Tibetan Buddhist monastic debate: Psychological and neuroscientific analysis of a reasoning-based analytical meditation practice

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 General introduction of debate as a form of analytical meditation

3 A biobehavioral model of monastic debate

4 Quantifying the phenomenology of monastic debates

5 Comparing debate to other meditation practices

6 Potential applications of debate in societal domains

Acknowledgments

Chapter 11: Training attention for conscious non-REM sleep: The yogic practice of yoga-nidrā and its implications for neuroscience research

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Methodological considerations

3 The state of yoga-nidrā

4 The problem of qualified subjects and training new subjects

Chapter 12: Nondual awareness: Consciousness-as-such as non-representational reflexivity

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Phenomenology and philosophy

3 Neural correlates

4 Conclusion

Chapter 13: The contemplative exercise through the lenses of predictive processing: A promising approach

Abstract

1 The appeal of a guiding theoretical framework

2 The basics of predictive processing

3 The praxis of meditation

4 Meditation in the light of predictive processing

5 Summary and future work

Acknowledgments

Chapter 14: Mindfulness training as cognitive training in high-demand cohorts: An initial study in elite military servicemembers

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Method

3 Results

4 Discussion

Acknowledgments

Chapter 15: Contemplative neuroscience, self-awareness, and education

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Self-awareness: Possible underlying neural mechanisms, relation to well-being, and meditation-induced malleability

3 Teachers’ self-processing and mindfulness practice

4 Integration and summary

Acknowledgments

Chapter 16: Yoga: Balancing the excitation-inhibition equilibrium in psychiatric disorders

Abstract

1 The role of GABAergic neurotransmission in psychiatric disorders

2 Modulating the GABAergic system for therapeutic gains

3 Role of yoga in psychiatric disorders

4 A mechanistic understanding of the effects of yoga: The role of GABA and oxytocin

5 Clinical implications of this model

Acknowledgments

Funding

Conflict of interest

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