References

Aastveit, K. (1966). Use of induced barley mutants in a cross breeding programme. In Mutations in plant breeding (pp. 71-14). Vienna: IAEA.

Abo-Hegazi, A.M.T. (1980). Seed protein and other characters in M4 generation of chickpea. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 40 (1), 122-126.

Acquaah, G. (2007). Principles of plant genetics and breeding (pp. 199-213), Oxford, UK: Wiley- Blackwell.

Agarkova, S.N. & Yakovlev, A.G. (1977). Effects of gamma rays and EMS on mutation frequency in Phaseolus vulgaris. Referationyl Zhurnal 3, 55-56.

Agarwal, A.P., Patil, S.A. & Salimath, P.M. (2001). Correlation of some quantitative characters with seed yield in soybean. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University, 26 (3), 291-293.

Ahloowalia, B.S. & Maluszynski, M. (2001). Induced mutations – A new paradigm in plant breeding. Euphytica 118, 167–173.

Ahloowalia, B.S., Maluszynski, M. & Nichterlein, K. (2004). Global impact of mutation-derived varieties. Euphytica 135, 187–204.

Ahmad, S. (1993). Meiotic studies in two cultivars of Cicer arietinum L. after gamma irradiation. Cytologia 58, 61-65.

Ahmed, J.S. (1999). Mutation frequency and chlorophyll mutations in parents and hybrid of cowpea following gamma irradiation. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 59 (3), 357-361.

Ahmed, S., & Godward, M.B.E. (1993). Gamma radiation induced mutations in Cicer arietinum L. Acta Botanica Indica 21, 1-8.

Akbar, M., Inoue, M. & Hasegawa, H. (1976). Comparative radiosensitivity in indica and japonica rice. The Nucleus, 13, 25-29.

Akgün, I. & Tosun, M. (2004). Agricultural and cytological characterstics of M1 perennial rye (Secale montanum Guss.) as effected by the application of different doses of gamma rays. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 7 (5), 827-833.

Ali, A.J. & Siddiq, E.A. (1999). Induction of mutations affecting floral traots in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 59 (1), 23-28.

Alikamanoglu, S., Yaycili, O. & Sen, A. (2011). Effect of gamma radiation on growth factors, biochemical parameters and accumulation of trace elements in soybean plants (Glycine max L. Merrill). Biological Trace Element Research, 141, 283–293.

Alka, Ansari, M.Y.K. & Shahab, D. (2007). Effect of ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) on seed germination, plant height and pollen fertility of Solanum melongena L. Indian Journal of Applied & Pure Biology, 22 (1), 97-100.

Allard, R.W. (1960). Principles of Plant Breeding (pp. 92-93). New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Al-Qurainy, F. & Khan, S. (2009). Mutagenic effects of sodium azide and its application in crop improvement. World Applied Science Journal 6 (12), 15689-1601.

Al-Qurainy, F. (2009). Effects of sodium azide on growth and yield traits of Eruca sativa (L.). World Applied Sciences Journal 7 (2), 220-226.

Al-Rubeai, M.A.F. & Godward, M.B.E. (1981). Genetic control of radiosensitivity in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Environmental and Experimntal Botany, 21, 211-216.

Alsohaimy, S.A., Sitohy, M.Z. & El-Masry, R.A. (2007). Isolation and partial characterization of chickpea, lupine and lentil seed proteins. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3 (1), 123-129.

Amarnath, S. & Prasad, A.B. (1998). Induced variability in homozygous and heterozygous genotypes of tobacco. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 58 (1), 67-77.

Amarnath, S., & Prasad, A.B. (2000). Induced mutations in homozygous and heterozygous genotypes of tobacco. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 60 (2), 171-176.

Ananthaswamy, H.N., X Vakil, A. & Srinivasan, A. (1971). Biochemical and physiological changes in gamma irradiated wheat during germination. Radiation Botany, 11, 1-12.

Ando, A. (1970). Mutation induction in rice by radiation combined with chemical protectants and mutagens. In Rice breeding with induced mutations II (pp. 1-5). Vienna: IAEA.

Anitha, K., Renganayaki, P.R. , Balamurugan, P., et al. (2008). Characterization of blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) using total seed protein separation by SDS-PAGE. International Journal Plant Science, 3 (2), 480-487.

Ansari, M.Y.K. & Ali, Z. (2009). Cytomorphological variabilities induced by aniline in Vicia faba L. Journal of Cytology and Genetics, 11, 57-64.

Anwar, S Y. & Reddy, G. . (1981). Mutational studies in ceratuin euploids of Oryza sativa L. In G.K. Manha & U. Sinah (Eds.), Perspectives in cytology and genetics (Vol. 3), Proceedings of 3rd All India Congress of Cytology and Genetics (pp. 29-35). Delhi, India: Hindasi Publishers.

Appa Rao, S., & Reddy, M. (1975). Induced crumpled petal mutants of black gram and cowpea. Indian Journal of Heridity, 7, 45-48.

Appa Rao, S., Rao, P. & Jana, M.K. (1975). New plant type in black gram. Current Science, 44, 679-680.

Arnason, T.J., Miocha, J.L. & Mohammed El-Sadak, L. (1963). The effect of some combinations of mutagens on mutation freqwuency in barley. Genetics Today, 1, 93-94.

Arnon, D.I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplast polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24, 1-15.

Arora, R. & Kaul, M.L.H. (1989). Mutagen induced chlorophyll deficiency in Pisum sativum. Cytobios, 57, 189-199.

Arulbalachandran , D., Mullainathan, L. & Velu, S. (2009). Genetic variation in quantitative traits of blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) induced by gamma rays treatment in M3 generation. Journal of Phytology, 1 (5), 308-312.

Arulbalachandran, D. & Mullainathan, L. (2009a). Chlorophyll and morphological mutants of blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) derived by gamma rays and EMS. Journal of Phytology, 1 (4), 236-241.

Arulbalachandran, D. & Mullainathan, L. (2009b). Changes on quantitative traits of blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) induced by EMS in M2 generation. Journal of Phytology, 1 (4), 230-235.

Arulbalachandran, D. & Mullainathan, L. (2009c). Changes on protein and methionine content of blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) induced by gamma rays and EMS. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 4 (2), 68-72.

Arulbalachandran, D., Mullainathan, L., Velu, S. et al. (2010). Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of quantitative traits in black gram by effects of mutation in field trail. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9 (19), 2731-2735.

Athwal, D.S., Bhalla, S.K., Sandhu, S.S., et al. (1970). A fertile dwarf and three other mutants in Cicer. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 30 (1), 261-266.

Atta, B.M., Ahsan ul Haq M., Shah T.M., et al. (2003). Induced flower colour mutations in chickpea. Internatinal Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter, 10, 6-7.

Auckland, A.K. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (1980). Chickpea. In W.R. Fehr & H.H. Hadley (Eds.), Hybridization of Crop Plants (pp. 249-259). Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy and Crop Sciences Society of America.

Auerbach, C. & Robson, J.M. (1942). Experiments on the action of mustard gas in Drosophila. Production of sterility and mutation. Report to Minister of Supply, 3979.

Auerbach, C. (1965). Past achievements and future task of research in chemical mutagenesis. In S.I. Greets (Ed.), Genetics Today, Vol 2 (pp. 275-284). Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Auti, S.G. & Apparao, B.J. (2009). Induced mutagenesis in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). In Q.Y. Shu (Ed.), Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era (pp. 97-100). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation. Availbale on. http://cropgenebank.sgrp.cgiar.org (Data Accessed: 30th Sep, 2011)/.

Awan, M.A., Konzak, C.F., Rutger, J.N. et al. (1980). Mutagenic effects of sodium azide in rice. Crop Science, 20, 663-668.

Azad, S. A. (2011). Mutagen induced meiotic chromosomal abnormalities in variety Asha of mungbean. Indian Journal of Scientific Research, 2 (4), 29-31.

Bahl, P.N. (1988). Chickpea. In B. Baldev, S. Ramamjan & H.K. Jain (Eds.), Pulse Crops (pp. 95-131). New Delhi, India: Oxford and IBH Publishers.

Bandyopadhyay, B. & Bose, C.S. (1983). Mitotic irregularities induced by, pre- and post- irradiated treatmernts with ethylmethane sulphonate, hydroxileamine and ethyl-imine in Phaseolus aureus and P. mungo L. Cytologia, 48: 13-19.

Bandyopadhyay, B. & Bose, S. (1980). Chemically induced variants in blackgram Phaseolus mungo L. Current Science, 49, 106-107.

Barro, F., Fernandez-Escobar, J., De La Vega, M. et al. (2001). Doubled haploid lines of Brassica carinata with modified erucic acid content through mutagenesis by EMS treatment of isolated microspores, Plant Breeding, 120, 262-264.

Barshile, J.D. & Apparao, B.J. (2009). Genetic Improvement of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Using Induced Mutations. In Q.Y. Shu (Ed.), Induced plant mutations in the genomics era (pp. 91-94). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Barshile, J.D., Auti, S.G. & Apparoa, B. J. (2009). Genetic enhancement of chickpea through induced mutagenesis. Journal of Food Legumes, 22 (1), 26-29.

Barshile, J.D., Auti, S.G., Dalve, S.C. & Apparao, B.J. (2006). Mutagenic sensitivity studies in chickpea employing SA, EMS and gamma rays. Indian Journal of Pulses Research, 19(1), 43-46.

Bawankar, S.V. & Patil, S.R. (2001). EMS induced mutations in Lathyrus. Advances in Plant Science, 14(II), 531-534.

Belele, C.L., Vieira, G.S. & Goulart, L.R. (2001). Effects of gamma radiation on morphological traits and seed storage proteins of bean. Mutation Breeding Newsletter, 45, 23-24.

Bellucci M., Roscini C. & Mariani A. (2003). Cytomixis in pollen mother cells of Medicago sativa L. Journal of Heredity, 94 (6): 512-516.

Bevins, M., Yang, C.M. & Markwell, J. (1992). Characterization of chlorophyll deficient mutant of sweet clover (Melilotus alba). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 30, 27-331.

Bhan, A.K. &. Kaul, M.L.H (1976). Frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll deficient mutations in rice after treatment with radiation and alkylating agents. Mutation Research, 36, 311-8.

Bharadwaj, C., Chauhan, S.K., Rajguru, G., et al. (2010). Diversity analysis of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars using STMS markers. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 80 (11), 947-951.

Bhargava, Y.R. & Khalatkar, A.S. (1986). Applicability of mutagenesis in the improvement of barley plant type. In A.B. Prasad (Ed.), Mutagenesis – Basic and Applied (pp. 185-189) Lucknow, India: Print House.

Bhat, M., Khan, S.& Kozgar, M.I. (2011). Studies on induced mutations in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) I. Responses of the mutagenic treatments in M1 biological parameters. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 2 (3), 422-424.

Bhat, M., Khan, S., & Kozgar, M.I. (2012). Studies on frequency of chlorophyll and morphological mutants in chickpea. Journal of Functional and Environmental Botany, 2 (1), 27-32.

Bhat, T.A., Khan, A.H. & Parvenn, S. (2007a). Spectrumm and frequency of cholorophyll mutations induced by MMS, gamma rays and their combinations in two varieties of Vicia faba L. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6 (3), 558-561.

Bhat, T.A., Sharma, M. & Anis, M. (2007b). Comparative analysis of meiotic aberrations induced by diethylsulphate and sodium azide in broad bean (Vicia faba L.). Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6 (7), 1051-1057.

Bione, N.C.P., Pagliarini, M.S. & de Toledo, J.F.F. (2000). Meiotic behavior of several Brazilian soybean varietieis. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 23 (3), 623-631.

Blakely, E.A. (1992). Cell inactivation by heavy charged particles. Radiation and. Environment. Biophysics, 31, 181-196.

Bliss, F.A., Barker, L.N., Franckowiak, J.O., et al. (1973). Genetic and environmental variation on seed yield, yield components and seed protein quantity and quality of cowpea. Crop Science, 13, 656-660.

Blixt, S. & Mossberg, R. (1967). Studies of induced mutations in peas. XX. A preliminary test of the mutagenicity of different chemicals. Agric. Hort. Genet. 25, 105-111.

Blixt, S. (1970). Studies of induced mutations in peas. XXVI. Genetically conditioned differences in radiation sensitivity. Agric. Hort. Genet. 28, 55-116.

Blixt, S. (1972). Mutation genetics in Pisum. Agric. Hort. Genet, 31, 1-293.

Blixt, S. (1979). Natural and induced variability for seed protein in temperate legumes. In Seed Protein improvement in cereals and grain legumes Vol II (pp. 3-12). Vienna: IAEA.

Bobak, M. & Henrich R. (1978). Cytomixis as a manisfestation of pathological changes after the application of trifuraline. The Nucleus, 21, 22-26.

Borah, S.P. & Goswami, B.C. (1995). Induced high protein mutants with renewed kernel protein distribution and altered amino acid composition in rice. In Proceedings of the Symposium on. Genetic Research and Education: Current Trends and the Next Fifty Years. Vol. III (pp. 1239-1247). New Delhi.

Boreiko, V.S., Morgan, V.V. & Chuchmil, I. P. (1986). Using the methods of chemical mutagenesis to produce winter wheat varieties useful for commercial production. Abstract. 281. Wheat, Barley and Triticale Abstracts, 5 (3), 95.

Borojevic, K. & Borojevic, S. (1972). Mutation breeding in wheat. In Induced mutations and plant improvement. Proceedings of Pan Meeting, Buenos Aires 1970 (pp. 237-249). Vienna: IAEA/FAO.

Borzouei, A., Kafi, M., Khazaei, H., et al. (2010). Effects of gamma radiation on germination and physiological aspects of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42 (4), 2281-2290.

Bouis, H. (1996). Enrichment of food staples through plant breeding: a new strategy for fighting micronutrient malnutrition. Nutrition Reviews, 54, 131–137.

Boureima, S., Diouf, M., Silme, R.S., et al. (2009). Radiosensitivity of African Sesame Cultivars to Gamma rays. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 14 (2), 181-190.

Branch, W.D. (2002). Variability among advanced gamma-irradiation induced large seeded mutant breeding lines in the “Georgia Brown” peanut cultivar. Plant Breeding, 121, 275-277.

Brock , R.D. (1965). Induced mutations affecting quantitative characters. In The Use of Induced Mutations in Plant Breeding, Radiation Botany (Suppl.), 5, 451-464.

Brock, R.D. (1970). Mutations in quantitatively inherited traits induced by neutron irradiation. Radiation Botany, 7, 193-203.

Brunner, H. (1995). Radiation induced mutations for plant selection. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 46 (6/7), 589-594.

Bykovets, A.G. & Vasykiv, N.M. (1971). The use of chemical mutagens in breeding peas and other pulse crops. Provktika Khim Mutageneza (Moscow) Nauka, 106-111.

Caetano-Pereira, C.M. & Pagliarini, M.S. (1997). Cytomixis in maize microsporocytes. Cytologia, 62, 351-355.

Cagirgan, M.I. (2006). Selection and morphological characterization of induced determinate mutants in sesame. Field Crop Research, 96, 19-24.

Canci, H., Cagirgan, M.I. & Toker, C. (2004). Genotypic variation for root and shoot growth at seedling stage in chickpea mutants. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter, 11, 11-12.

Caryl, A.P., Jones, G.H. & Franklin, F.C.H. (2003). Dissecting plant meiosis using Arabidopsis thaliana mutants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 54 (380). In Plant Reproductive Biology Special Issue, pp. 25-38.

Castillo, A.M., Cistué, L., Vallés, M.P., Sanz, J.M., Romagosa, I., Molina-Cano, J.L. (2001). Efficient production of androgenic doubled-haploid mutants in barley by the application of sodium azide to anther and microspore cultures. Plant Cell Reports, 20,105–111.

CGKB (2010). Crop Gene Bank Knowledge Base. CGIAR Genetic Resources Systems.

Chaghtai, S.A. & Hasan, Z. U. (1980). The effect of MES as a radio mimetic agent on Helianthus annus L., Acta Botanica Indica, 8, 41-44.

Chakrabarthi, S.N. (1975). Effects of combined X-rays and dES treatments on mutation frequencies in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Radiation Botany, 15, 417-421.

Chaturvedi, S.N. & Singh, V.P. (1990). Mutation breeding in chickpea. In J. Nizam, I.A. Khan & S.A. Farook (Eds.), Genetic Improvement of Pulse Crops Vol. I. (pp. 45-67). Hyderabad, India: Premier Publishing House.

Chaudhary, M., Sarawgi, A.K. & Motiramani, K.N. (2004). Genetic variability of quality, yield and yield attributing traits in aromatic rice (Oryza sativa). Advances in Plant Sciences, 17 (II), 485-490.

Chauhan, S.P. & N.K. Patra (1993). Mutagenic effects of combined and single doses of gamma rays and EMS in opium poppy. Plant Breeding, 110, 342-345.

Chauhan, Y.S. & Singh, R.P. (1975). Morphological studies in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius Linn.) with special reference to the effect of 2,4-D and gamma rays I. Vegetative shoot apex. Radiation Botany, 15, 69-77.

Cheema, A.A. & Atta, B.M. (2003). Radiosensitivity studies in basmati rice. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 35 (2), 197-207.

Cherry, J.H., Hagemann, R.H. & Hanson, J.B. (1962). Effect of X-irradiation on nucleic acids in Zea mays. II. On the level of ribonuclease activity in growing seedlings. Radiation Research, 17, 740-754.

Chhun, T., Taketa, S., Tsurumi, S., et al. (2003). Interaction between two auxin-resistant mutants and their effects on lateral root formation in rice (Oryza sativa L). Journal of Experimental Botany, 393, 2701-2708.

Chopra V.L. (2005). Mutagenesis: Investigating the process and processing the outcome for crop improvement. Current Science, 89 (2), 353-359.

Chopra, V.L. & Pai, R.A. (1979). Mutation research in wheat in India. Proceedings on the role of induced mutations in crop improvement (pp. 83-92): Hyderabad.

Chowdhury, J.B., & Nirmla (1976). Effects of gamma rays on seedling height and chromosome aberrations in Triticale. Acta Botanica Indica, 4, 126-130.

Chowdhury, K.A., Sarswat, K.S., Hasan, S.N. et al. (1970). 4000-3500 years old barley, rye and pulses from Atranji Khera. Science and Culture, 37, 531-533.

Chowdhury, S. (1978). Frequency and spectrum of mutations induced in bread wheat by physical and chemical mutagenesis. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 38 (1): 143-147.

Chrispeels, M.J. & Varner, J.E. (1967). Gibberellic acid induced synthesis and release of L-amylase and ribonuclease by isolated barley aleurone layers. Plant Physiology, 42, 396-406.

Colbert, T., Till, B.J., Tompa, R., et al. (2001): High-throughput screening for induced point mutations. Plant Physiology, 126, 480-484.

Consolaro, M.E.L., Pagliarini, M.S. & Chaves, L.J. (1996). Meiotic behavior, pollen fertility and seed production in Brazilian populations of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (Umbelliferae). Cytologia, 61, 375-381.

Cordeiro, G., Eliott, F.G. & Henry, R.J. (2006). An optimized ecotilling protocol for polyploids or pooled samples using a capillary electrophoresis system. Analytical Biochemistry, 355, 145-147

Cross, M.J., Waters, D.L., Lee, L.S., et al. (2008). Endonucleolytic mutation analysis by internal labeling (EMAIL). Electrophoresis, 29 (6), 1291-301.

Crueger, A. (1993). Mutagenesis. In H.J. Rehm & G. Reed (Eds.), Biotechnology, Genetic Fundamentals and Genetic Engineering. Germany: VCH Pub.

Dahiya, B.S. (1973). Improvement of mungbean through induced mutations. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 33 (3), 460-468.

Das, B.K. & Bhagwat, S.G. (2009). Isolation of early flowering mutant in cultivar C-306 known for its good chapati-making quality. In Q.Y. Shu (Ed.), Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era (pp. 363-365). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation.

Das, P.K. & S. Kundagrami (2000). Frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations in grasspea induced by gamma rays. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 60 (2), 239-241.

Datta, A.K. & A.K. Biswas (1985). A EMS induced bushy mutant of Nigella sativa L. with desynapyic behavior of chromosomes. Cytologia, 50, 535-543.

Datta, A.K. & K. Sengupta (2002). Induced viable macromutants in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 62 (3): 273-274.

Datta, S.K. & V. Laximi (1992). Induced morphological mutants in fenugreek. Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 71, 65-68.

Datta, S.K. (2012). Success story of induced mutagenesis for development of new ornamental In M. I. Kozgar & S. Khan (Eds.), Induced Mutagenesis in Crop Plants: Bioremediation, Biodiversity and Bioavailability, 6 (Special Issue 1), (pp.15-26). Japan: Global Science Books.

Davis, T.M. (1991). Linkage relationships of genes for leaf morphology, flower color, and root nodulation in chickpea. Euphytica, 54, 117-123.

Davis, T.M., Mathew, L.J. & Fagerberg, W.R. (1990). Comparison of tetraploid and single gene induced gigas variants in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). I. Origin and genetic characterization. American Journal of Botany, 77 (3), 295-299.

De Candolle, A. (1883). Origine des Plantes Cultivées (pp. 208-260). Paris.

de Ronde, J.A., Spreeth, M., Mayaba, N., et al. (2009). Evaluation and characterization of mutant cowpea plants for enhanced abiotic stress tolerance. In In Q.Y. Shu (Ed.), Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era (pp. 141-144). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation.

de Vries, H. (1901). Die mutation theorie 1 Von. Viet and Co. (pp.1-648). Leipzig.

Deepa, T.O. & Devi, D.S.R. (2000). Frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations after gamma treatment in winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L. D.C.). South Indian Horticulture, 48 (1-6), 118-122.

DES (2010). Agriculture Statistics at a Glance. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Economics, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. Available online on http://agricoop.nic.in/Agristatistics.htm (Data Accessed on: 30th Sep, 2011).

Devi, T.R., Prodhan, H.S., Brajendra, N., et al. (2002). Effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays in inducing chlorophyll mutations in M2 generation of three rice bean genotypes (Vigna umbellata (L.) Thunb. Ohwi and Ohashi). Environment & Ecology, 20 (4), 890-893.

Dewitte, A., Eeckhaut, T., Huylenbroeck, J.V. et al. (2010). Meiotic aberrations during 2n pollen formation in Begonia. Heredity, 104, 215–223.

Dhakshanamoorthy, D., Selvaraj, R. & Chidambaram, A. (2010). Physical and chemical mutagenesis in Jatropha curcas L. to induce variability in seed germination, growth and yield traits. Romanian Journal of Biology– Plant Biology, 55 (2), 113–125.

Dhamayanthi, K.P.M. & Reddy, V.R.K. (2000). Cytogenetic effects of gamma rays and ethylmethane sulphonate in chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Cytologia, 65, 129-133.

Dhanavel, D., Pavadai, P., Mullainathan, L., et al. (2008). Effectiveness and efficiency of chemical mutagens in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). African Journal of Biotechnology, 7 (22), 4116-4117.

Dikeman, E., Pomeranz, Y., & Lai, F.S. (1982). Minerals and protein contents in hard red winter wheat. Cereal Chemistry, 59,139.

Dixit, P. & Dubey, D. K. (1986a). Mutagenic efficiency of gamma rays, NMU and their combinations in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) var. T-36. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 46 (3), 501-505.

Dixit, P. & Dubey, D.K. (1986b). Chlorophyll and seedling morphology mutations induced by separate and simultaneous applications of gamma rays and NMU in lentil. Lens Newsletter, 13 (1), 5-8.

Donini, P. & Sonnino, A. (1998). Induced mutation in plant breeding: Current and future outlook. In S.M. Jain, D.S. Dar & B.S. Ahloowalia (Eds.), Somaclonal Variation and Induced Mutation in Crop Plants (pp. 255-292). The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Dube, K. G., Bajaj, A.S. & Gawande, A.M. (2011). Effect of gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate on germination, seedling height and survival in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. variety Sharada. Asiatic Journal of Biotechnology Resources, 2 (6), 747-754.

Duke, J.A. (1981). Handbook of Legumes of World Economic Importance (pp. 52-57). New York: Plenum Press.

Edwin, R. & Reddy, V.R.K. (1993a). Effect of gamma rays and EMS on certain biological parameters in triticale. Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 72, 97-101.

Edwin, R. & Reddy, V.R.K. (1993b). Cytological effect of gamma ryas and EMS in Triticale, Journal NATCON, 5 (1), 9-23.

Ehrenberg, L. (1960). Induced mutations in plants: Mechanism and principles. Genetics in Agriculture, 12, 364-389.

El-Fiki, A.A., El-Khalal, S.M. & Aliwa, N.E. (2003). In vitro induction of mutation in banana (Musa sp.) by using gamma irradiation. Egypt Journal of Biotechnology, 13, 37–49.

Encheva, J. (2009). Creating sunflower mutant lines (Helianthus annuus L.) using induced mutagenesis. Bulgarian. Journal of Agricultural Science, 15, 109-118.

Fahmy, O.G. & Fahmy, M.J. (1957). Comparison of chemically and X-ray induced mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature, 177, 996-997.

Fatma, S. & Khan, S. (2009). Diethylsulphate induced meiotic abnormalities in Vicia faba L. Journal of Phytological Research, 22 (2), 195-198.

Faulkner, R. (1978). The exploitation of genetic variation by selection and breeding. In E.D. Ford, D.C. Malcolm & J. Atterson (Eds.), The ecology of even-aged forest plantations- Proceedings of the Meeting of Division I International Union of Forestry Research Organisations Edinburgh, (pp. 99-118). USA: Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Natural Environment Research Council.

Favert, E.A. (1963). Genetic effects of single and combined treatment of ionizing radiations and EMS in barley seeds. Proc. First Int. Barley Genetics Symp., Wegeningen: 68-81.

Feenstra, W. J. & Jacobsen, E. (1980). Isolation of nitrate reductase deficient mutants of Pisum sativum by menas of selection of chlorate resistance. Theoritical and Applied Genetics, 58 (1), 39-42.

Feng, H.Y., Yang, G. & Yu, Z.L. ( 2009). Mutagenic mechanisms of ion implantation in plants. In Q.Y. Shu (Ed.), Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era (pp. 220-222). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Filippetti, A. & De Pace, C. (1986). Improvement of seed yield in Vicia faba L. by using experimental mutagenesis. II. Comparison of gamma radiation and ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) in production of morphological mutants. Euphytica, 35, 49-59.

Filippetti, A., Marzano, C.F., Monti, L.M., et al. (1977). Studies on breeding commercial varieties of peas for industrial use by experimental mutagenesis. I. Frequency and types of mutations induced with X-rays and diethyl sulphate. Genetics in Agriculture, 31, 40-48.

Frey, K.J. (1969). Release of mutagen induced genetic variability in oats by outcrossing. Japan Journal of Breeding, 44, 396-403.

Fujimoto, M. & Yamagata, H. (1982). Studies on the utility of artificial mutations in plant breeding. XIII. Mutagencity of several alkylating agents in rice. Japan Journl of Breeding, 32 (1), 17-25.

Gaikwad, N.B. & Kothekar, V.S. (2004). Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of ethylmethane sulphonate and sodium azide in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 64 (1), 73-74.

Ganapathy, S., Nirmalakumari, A., Senthil, N. et al. (2008). Isolation of Macromutations and Mutagenic Effectiveness and Efficiency in Little Millet Varieties. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4 (4), 483-486.

Gaul, H. & Aastveit, K. (1966). Induced variability of culm length in different genotypes of hexaploid wheat following X-irradiation and EMS treatment. Contemporaray Agriculture, 11-12, 263-276.

Gaul, H. (1958). Present aspect of induced mutations in plant breeding. Euphytica, 7, 275-289.

Gaul, H. (1965). The concept of macro and micromutations in barley. Radiation Botany (Suppl.), 5, 407-428.

Gaul, H. (1970). Mutagen effects observed in first generation. In Manual on Mutation Breeding, Technical Report Series No. 119. (pp. 85-980). Vienna: FAO/IAEA.

Gaulden, M.E. (1987). Hypothesis: Some mutagens directly alter specific chromosomal proteins (DNA topoisomerase II and peripheral proteins) to produce chromosome stickiness which causes chromosome aberration. Mutagenesis, 2, 357-395.

Gaur, P.M. & Gour, V.K. (2001). A gene inhibiting flower colour in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 61 (1), 41-44.

Gaur, P.M. & Gour, V.K. (2003). Broad-few-leaflets and outwardly curved wings: two new mutants of chickpea. Plant Breeding, 122, 192-194.

Gaur, P.M., Gaur V K. & Srinivasan, S. (2008). An induced brachytic mutant of chickpea and its possible use in ideotype breeding. Euphytica, 159, 35-41.

Gautam, A.S. & Mittal, R.K. (1998). Induced mutations in blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Crop Research, 16, 344-348.

Gautam, A.S., Sood, K.C. & Mittal, R.K. (1998). Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate in rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Legume Research, 21 (3/4), 217-220.

Gautam, A.S., Sood, K.C. & Richaria, A.K. (1992). Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays, ethylmethane sulphonate and their synergistic effects in black gram (Vigna mungo L.). Cytologia, 57, 85-89.

Gechev, T., Ferwerda, M.A., Mehterov, N., et al. (2009). Mutational analysis to dissect oxidative and abiotic stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. In Q.Y. Shu (Ed.), Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era (pp. 134-137). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Geervani, P. (1991). Utilization of chickpea in India and scope for novel and alternative uses. In Uses of Tropical Grain Legumes: Proceedings of Consultants’ Meeting, 27-30 March, 1989. (pp. 47-54). Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India: ICRISAT Center.

Gepts, P., Osborn, T.Y.C., Rashk, K. et al. (1986). Phaseolin protein variability in wild forms and landraces of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Economic Botany, 40, 451-468.

Ghate, R.D. (1993). Inheritance of seed size in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Journal of Soils and Crops, 3, 56-59.

Ghose, R.L.M., Ghatge, M.B. & Subrahmanyan, V. (1960). Rice in India. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.

Gil, J. & Cubero, J.L. (1993). Inheritance of seed coat thickness in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and its evolutionary implications. Plant Breeding, 111, 257-260.

Giri, S.P., Tambe, S.B. & Apparao, B.J. (2010). Induction of a novel, high yielding mutant of pigeonpea. Asian Journal of Experimental Biollogical Science (SPL.), 152-155.

Girija, M. & Dhanavel, D. (2009). Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays, ethylmethane sulphonate and their combined treatments in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). Global Journal of Molecular Sciences, 4 (2), 68-75.

Girija, M., Dhanavel, D. & Gnanamurthy, S. (2013). Gamma rays and EMS induced flower color and seed mutants in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Advances in Applied Science and Research, 4 (2), 134-139.

González-Sánchez, M., Rosato, M., Chiavarino, M. et al. (2011). Chromosome instabilities and programmed cell death in tapetal cells of maize with B chromosomes and effects on pollen viability. Genetics, 166, 999–1009.

Goodhead, D.T. (1995). Molecular and cell models of biological effects of heavy ion radiation. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 34, 67-72

Gottschalk, W. & Muller, H.P. (1982). Seed protein of Pisum mutants and recombinants. Qualitas Plantarum, 31, 296-306.

Gottschalk, W. & Wolff, G. (1983a). Induced Mutations in Plant Breeding. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.

Gottschalk, W. & Wolff, G. (1983b). The behavior of protein rich pisum mutant in crossing experiments. In W. Gottschalk (Ed.). Seed Proteins: Biochemistry, Genetics, Nutritive Value (pp. 403-425). The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Gottschalk, W. (1970). Chromosome and nucleus during microsporogenesis of Pisum sativum. Nucleus,13, 1-9.

Gottschalk, W. (1978a). The dependence of the penetrance of mutant genes on environment and genotypic background. Genetica, 49, 21-29.

Gottschalk, W. (1978b). Prospects and limits of mutation breeding. Indian Agriculture 22, 65-69.

Gottschalk, W. (1986). Experimental mutagenesis in plant breeding. In A.B. Prasad (Ed.), Mutagenesis: Basic and Applied (pp. 81-96). Lucknow, India: Print House.

Gottschalk, W. (1990). Experimental mutagenesis in Pisum. In J. Nizam, I.A. Khan and S.A. Farook (Eds.), Genetic Improvement of Pulse Crops (pp. 337). Hyderabad, India: Premier Publication House.

Goud, J.V. & Nayar, K.M.D. (1968). Effect of irradiation on seedlings of methi. Mysore Journal of Agricultural Science, 11, 53-55.

Goud, J.V. (1967). Induced mutations in bread wheat. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 27, 40-45.

Goyal, S. & Khan, S. (2010a). Induced mutageneis in urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper): A review. International Journal of Botany, 6 (3), 194-206.

Goyal, S. & Khan, S. (2010b). Differential response of single and combined treatment in moist seeds of urdbean. Indian Journal of Botanical Research, 6 (1 & 2), 183-188.

Goyal S. & Khan, S. (2010c). Cytology of induced morphological mutants in Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper. Egyptian Journal of Biology, 12, 81-85.

Goyal, S. & Khan, S. (2009). A comparative study of chromosomal aberrations in Vigna mungo induced by ethylmethane sulphonate and hydrazine hydrate. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, 42 (3), 117-182.

Goyal, S., Khan, S., Alka S., et al. (2009). A comparison of mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of EMS, SA and gamma rays in mungbean. Indian Journal of Applied & Pure Biology, 24 (1), 125-128.

Goyal, S., Kozgar, M.I., Khan, S., et al., (2011). Genetic advancement of chickpea, mungbean and fababean through conventional and modern approaches. In Samiullah Khan and M Imran (Eds.) Breeding of Pulse Crops (pp. 80-88). Ludhiana, India: Kalyani Publishers.

Graham, R.D. (1981). Absorption of copper by plant roots. In J.F. Loneragan, A.D. Robson & R.D. Graham (Eds.), Copper in Soils and Plants (pp. 141). New York: Academic Press.

Greene, E.A., Codomo, C.A., Taylor, N.E., et al. (2003). Spectrum of chemically induced mutations from a large scale reverse – genetic screen in Arabidopsis. Genetics, 164, 731-740.

Gregoria, G.B. (2002). Progress in breeding for trace minerals in staple crops. The Journal of Nutrition, 132, 500S-502S.

Gregory, W.C. (1965). Mutation frequency, magnitude of changes and the probability of improvement in adaptation. Radiation Botany, 5, 429-441.

Grover, I.S. & Tejpaul, S.K. (1982). Cytogenetical effects of gamma rays and maleic hydrazide in mungbean. Acta Botanica Indica, 10, 210-216.

Grover, I.S. & Virk, G.S. (1984). Induced chlorophyll mutation in mungbean Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. Acta Botanica Indica, 12: 138-147.

Grover, I.S. & Virk, G.S. (1986). A comparative study of gamma rays and some chemical mutagens on the induction of chromosomal aberrations in mungbean. (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Acta Botanica Indica, 14, 170-180.

Gu, R. & Shen, H. (1989). Effects of space flight on the growth and some cytological characteristics of wheat seedlings. Acta Photophysiologica Sinica, 15 (4), 403-407.

Guler, M., Adak, M.S. & Ulukan, H. (2001). Determining relationships among yield and some yield components using path coefficient analysis in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). European Journal of Agronomy, 14 (2), 161-166.

Gulfishan, M., Khan, A H., Haneef, I. & Bhat, T.A (2011). Genotoxic effect of diethyl sulphate in two varieties of Capsicum annuum L. Nucleus, 54 (2), 107-111.

Gulfishan, M., Khan, A. H. & Bhat, T.A. (2010). Studies on cytotoxicity induced by DES and SA in Vicia faban var. Major. Turkish Journal of Botany, 34, 31-37.

Gunasekaran, M., Selvaraj, U. & Raveendran, T.S. (1998). Induced polygenic mutations in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). South Indian Horticulture, 46 (1-2), 13-17.

Gunes, A., Ina A.,Mehmet, S., et al. (2007) Mineral nutrition of wheat, chickpea and lentil as affected by mixed cropping and soil moisture. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 78, 83–96.

Gunkel, J.E. & Sparrow, A.H. (1961). Ionizing radiations: biochemical, physiological and morphological aspects of their effect on plants. In W. Ruhland (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, 16 (pp. 555-611). Berlin: Springer.

Gupta, P.K. & Swaminathan, M.S. (1967). Induced variability and selection advance for branching in autotetraploids of Brassica campestris var. Toria. Radiation Botany, 7, 521-527.

Gupta, P.K. & Yashvir (1975). Induced mutations in foxtail millet (Setaria italica Beauv.). I. Chlorophyll mutations induced by gamma rays, EMS and dES. Theoritical and Applied Genetics, 45, 242-249.

Gupta, P.K. (2004). Plant analysis. In Soil, Plant, Water and Fertilizer Analysis (pp. 258-292). Jodhpur, India: Agrobios.

Gupta, P.K., Kumar, S., Tyagi, B.S., et al. (1999). Chromosome interchanges in lentil (Lens culinaris Med.). Cytologia, 64, 387-394.

Gupta, S. (2008). Induced genetic variability for quantitative traits in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill.). PhD. Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India.

Gupta, S.K. & Roy, S.K. (1985). Comparison of meotic abnormalities induced by gamma rays between a diploid and a tertarploid species of Physalis. Cytologia, 50, 167-175.

Gustafsson, A. (1940). A mutation system of the chlorophyll apparatus. Lunds Univ. Arsskr. N.F. Avd. 2, 36, 1-40.

Gustafsson, A. (1960). Chemical mutagenesis in higher plants. Chemische Mutagenese. Abhl. Atsch. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1, 14-40.

Gustafsson, A. (1963). Productive mutations induced in barley by ionizing radiations and chemical mutagens. Hereditas, 50, 211-263.

Hadi, F. & Fuller, M.P. (2013). Chemically induced mutants of Brassica oleracea var. botrytis maintained stable resistance to drought and salt stress after regeneration and micropropagation. American Journal of Plant Science, 4, 498-507.

Hameed, A., Shah, T.M., Atta, B.M., et al. (2008). Gamma irradiation effects on seed germination and growth, protein content, peroxidase and protease activity, lipid peroxidation in desi and kabuli chickpea, Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40 (3), 1033-1041.

Hameed, A., Shah, T.M., Atta, B.M., et al. (2009). Comparative seed storage protein profiling of kabuli chickpea genotypes. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41 (2), 703-710.

Handro, W. (1981). Mutagenesis and in vitro selection. In T.A. Thorpe (Ed.), Plant Tissue Culture, 9, (pp. 155-179). New York: Academic Press Inc.

Haq, M.A. & Shakoor, A. (1980). Use of induced mutations for improving resistance against Ascochyta blight in chickpea and yellow mosaic virus in mungbean. In Induced Mutations for Improvement of Grain Legume Production (pp. 63-67). Vienna: IAEA.

Harer, P.N., Ambarkar, A.S. & Biradar, A.B. (1999). Radiation induced quantitative variation in chickpea. Journal of Maharashtra Agricutural University, 24(3), 292.

Haroun S.A., Al-Shehri, A.M. & Al-Wadia, H.M. (2004). Cytomixis in the microsporogenesis of Vicia faba L. (Fabaceae). Cytologia, 69, 7-11.

Haroun, S.A. (1995). Cytomixis in pollen mother cells of polygonum tormentosum Schrank. Cytologia, 60, 257-260.

Hartwig, E.E. (1979). Breeding productive soybeans with a higher percentage of proteins. In Seed Protein Improvement in Cereals and Grain Legumes Vol. 2 (pp. 59-66). Vienna: IAEA.

Hassan, S., Khan, A.B., Zamir, R., et al. (2001). Gamma rays induced high yielding kabuli type chickpea mutant variety “HASSAN-2K”. Pakistan Journal of Botany 33 (Special issue), 703-707.

Hawtin, G.C. & Singh, K.B. (1980). Kabuli-Desi introgression: Problems and prospects. In J.M. Green, Y.L. Nene & J.B. Smithson (Eds.), Proceedings International Workshop on Chickpea Improvement, 28 Feb-2 Mar 1979 (pp. 51-60). Hyderabad, India: ICRISAT.

Hedge, R.V. (2006). Studies on induced mutagenesis and in vitro regeneration in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Ph.D Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India.

Hemavathy, A.T. & Ravindran, G.R. (2005). Mutagenic effects of gamma rays on frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations in urdbean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Madras Agricultural Journal, 92 (4-6), 325-327.

Heng-Chang, W., Li, J. & He, Z. (2007). Irregular meiotic behavior in Isoetes sinensis (Isoetaceae), a rare and endangered fern in China. Caryologia, 60 (4), 358-363.

Henry, A. (2002). Performance of induced white seed coat mutants in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, 72 (4), 243-244.

Heslop-Harrison, J. (1966). Cytpplasmic connections between andio-sperm meiocytes. Annals of Botany, 30, 221-231.

Hiremath, C., Nadaf, H.L., Ganapathi, et al. (2010). Induced mutants in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Science, 23 (2), 327-329.

Hohmann, U., Jacobs, G. & Jung, C. (2005). An EMS mutagenesis protocol for sugarbeet and isolation of non-blotting mutants. Plant Breeding, 124 (4), 317-321.

Hong, D.D., Hien, H.M. & Son, P.N (2007). Effect of irradiation on the protein profile, protein content, and quality of agar from Gracilaria asiatica Zhang et Xia (Rhodophyta). Journal of Applied Phycology, 19, 809–815.

Hopkins, W.J. (1995). Introduction to Plant Physiolog (pp. 438). New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Hou X., Lu, Y., Zhang, Z., et al. (2009). The breeding of Arthrospira platensis mutants with good quality and high yield induced by space flight. In Q.Y. Shu (Ed.), Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era (pp. 293-295). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Husain, S., Kozgar, M.I., Jafrey, I.J., et al. (2013). Meiotic changes in Vicia faba L. subsequent to treatments of hydrazine hydrate and maleic hydrazide. Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 2 (1), 33-38.

Hussein, H.A.S., Salim, A.R. & El-Shawaf, I.I.S. (1974). EMS and gamma rays induced mutations in Pisum sativum. I. Effect on the frequency and spectrum of M2 chlorophyll mutations. Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 3, 106-116.

IAEA (1970). Manual of Mutation Breeding. Vienna: IAEA.

Ibrikci, H., Knewtson, S. J. B. & Grusak, M. A. (2003). Chickpea leaves as a vegetable green for humans: evaluation of mineral composition. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 83, 945–950.

ICAR-ICARDA (2010). Pre-breeding and genetic enhancement in breaking yield barriers in Kabuli chickpea and lentil through DACICARDA -ICAR collaboration. New Dehli, Aleppo. http://nfsm.gov.in/Pulses/icarda_prebreeding_2011.pdf

Ignacimuthu, S. & Babu, C.R (1988). Radiosensitivity of the wild and cultivated urd and mungbeans. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 48 (3), 331-342.

Ignacimuthu, S. & Babu, C.R (1989a). Induced variation in protein quantity and quality in the wild and cultivated urd and mungbean. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 49 (2), 173-181.

Ignacimuthu, S. & Babu, C.R (1989b). Induced chromosomal abnormality and pollen sterility in wild and cultivated urd and mungbean. Cytologia, 54, 159-167.

Ignacimuthu, S. & Babu, C.R. (1993). Induced quantitative variation in wild and cultivated urd and mungbean. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Biology, 22, 133-137.

Ignacimuthu, S. & Sakthivel, N. (1989). Induced chromosomal abnormality and pollen sterility in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek cv PS 16. Cytologia, 54, 109-114.

Ilbas, A.I., Eroglu, Y. & Eroglu, H.E. (2005). Effect of the application of different concentrations of SA for different times on the morphological and cytogenetic charatcteristics of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedling. Acta Botanica Sinica, 47, 1101-1106.

Imam, M.M. (1979). Variability in protein content of locally cultivated Phaseolus and Vigna species. In Seed Protein Improvement in Cereals and Grain Legumes (pp. 119-126). Vienna: IAEA.

Iruela. M., Rubio, J., Cubero, J.I., et al. (2002). Phylogenetic analysis in the genus Cicer and cultivated chickpea using RAPD and ISSR markers. Theoritical and Applied Genetics, 104, 643-651.

Ishii, A., Sato, T., Wachi, M., et al. (2004). Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on bacterial cytoskeleton FtsZ polymers in vivo and in vitro. Microbiology, 150, 1965-1972.

Ishiy, T., Schiocchet, M.S., Alfonso-Morel, D., et al. (2006). Rice mutant cultivar SCS 114 Andosan. Plant Mutation Reports, 1 (2), 25-27.

Jagtap, J.G. & Das, K. (1976). Mutagenic efficiency and effectiveness of some alkylating agents. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 36, 259-264.

Jain, S.M. (2002). Feeding the world with induced mutations and biotechnology. In Proceedings of International Nuclear Conference 2002 - Global Trends and Perspectives. Seminar 1: Agriculture and Bioscience (pp. 1-14). Bangi, Malaysia, MINT.

Jamil, M. & Khan, U.Q. (2002). Study of genetic variation in yield components of wheat cultivar Bukhtawar-92 as induced by gamma radiation. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 1 (5), 579-580.

Jana, M.K. & Roy, K. (1971). Use of induced mutations in developing early varieties. Proceedings of Indian Science Congress, 58, 721.

Jana, M.K. & Roy, K. (1973). Induced quantitative mutations in rice. Radiation Botany, 13, 245-257.

Jana, M.K. (1963). X-ray induced tall mutants of blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.). Current Science, 32 (10), 469-470.

Jankowicz-Cieslak, J., Huynh, O. A., Bado S., et al. (2011). Reverse-genetics by TILLING expands through the plant kingdom. Emiratus Journal of Food and Agriculture, 23 (4), 290-300.

Jaworski, E.G. (1971). Nitrate reductase assay in intact plant tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun., 43, 1274-1279.

Jayabalan, N. & Rao, G.R. (1987). Gamma radiation induced cytological abnormalities in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Pusa Ruby. Cytologia, 52: 1-4.

Jha, A.M. (1988). Studies on the induced seedling mutants in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Acta Botanica Indica, 16, 128-130.

John, S.A. (1999). Mutation frequency and chlorophyll mutations in parents and hybrids of cowpea following gamma irradiation. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 59 (3), 357-361.

Johnson, H.W., Robinson, H.F. & Comstock, R. E. (1955). Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in soybeans. Agronomy Journal, 47, 314-318.

Joshi H. R., Srirangarajan, A. N. & Thomas, P. (1990). Effect of gamma irradiation and temperature on sugar and vitamin C changes in five Indian potato cultivars during storage. Food Chemistry, 35, 209–216.

Joshi, P. & Verma, R.C. (2004). Radiation induced pod and seed mutants in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 64(2), 155-156.

Joshua, D.C. & Bhatia, C. R. (1983). Increased cotyledonary cell size in induced large seed mutants in three grain legumes. Environmental and Experimntal Botany, 23, 175-181.

Kabata-Pendias, A. (2011). Trace elements in soil and plants (4th edition). Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group.

Kalia, C.S., Kharkwal, M.C. & Singh, M.P. (2000). Recovery of desirable mutations in wheat. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 60 (4), 465-470.

Kalloo, G. (1972). Chromosomal alterations in mitotic and meotic system as influenced by gamma rays in Pisum. Cytologia, 37, 643-651.

Kammau, E.M., Kinyun, M., Kiplagat, O., et al. (2011). Gamma radio sensitivity determination for lablab (Lablab purpureus) bean. Plant Mutation Reports, 2 (3), 46-54.

Karjalainen, R. & Kortet, S. (1987). Environmental and genetic variation in protein content of peas under northern growing conditions and breeding implications. Journal of Agricultural Science, 59, 1-9.

Karthika, R. & Subbalakshmi, B. (2006). Effect of gamma rays and EMS on two varieties of soybean. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 5 (4), 721-724.

Katiyar, R.B. (1978). Radiocytogenetical studieson capsicum. I. Meiotic anomalies. Cytologia, 43, 415-420.

Kaul C.L. (1971). Investigation into causes of sterility III. Gametocide induced male sterile Vicia faba L. Cytologia, 36, 219-228.

Kaul, M.L.H. & Bhan, A.K. (1977). Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of EMS, dES and gamma rays in rice. Theoritical and Applied Genetics, 50, 241-246.

Kaul, M.L.H. & Garg, R. (1979). Population performance and genetic parameters of some promising pea lines. Pisum Newsletter, 11, 15-16.

Kaul, M.L.H. & Garg, R. (1982). Radiation genetic studies in garden pea.II. Genetic variability inter-relationships and path analysis in protein rich genotypes. Biologisches Zentralblatt, 101, 271-282.

Kaul, M.L.H. & Kumar, V. (1983). Mutation genetic studies in rice. IV. Variability components and genetic parameters. Biologisches Zentralblatt, 102, 559-566.

Kaul, M.L.H. & Matta, N.K. (1976). Radiation genetic studies in the garden pea. III. Morphological variability, intercorrelations and genetic parameters. Genetika Beograd., 8, 37-47.

Kaul, M.L.H. & Nirmala, C. (1999). Biotechnology: Miracle or Mirage. IV. In vivo and in vitro mutagenesis. In B.A. Siddiqui & S. Khan (Eds.) Breeding in Crop Plants: Mutations and in vitro Mutation Breeding (pp. 80-88). Ludhiana, India: Kalyani Publishers.

Kaul, M.L.H. (1980a). Seed protein variability in rice. Zeitschrift Fur Pflanzenzucht, 84, 302-312.

Kaul, M.L.H. (1980b). Radiation genetic studies in garden pea. IX. Non-allelism of early flowering mutants and heterosis. Z. Pflanzenzucht, 84, 192-200.

Kaul, M.L.H. (1989). Mutation research in dilemma. In S.S. Bir & M.I.S. Saggo (Eds.), Perspectives in Plant Sciences in India (pp. 93-1080). New Delhi: Today and Tomorrow Printers and Publishers.

Kaveri (2008). Genetic improvement for oil quality through induced mutagenesis in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). PhD Thesis. University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India.

Kavithamani, D., Kalamani, A., Vanniarajan, C., et al. (2008). Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays and EMS in soybean (Gylcine max (L.) Merrill). Madras Agricultural Journal, 95 (7-12), 448-451.

Khadke, S.G. & Kothekar, V.S. (2011). Genetic improvement of moth bean (Vigna acconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal through mutation breeding. In S. Khan & M.I. Kozgar (Eds.), Breeding of Pulse Crops (pp. 34-54). Ludhina, India: Kalyani Publishers.

Khalatkar, A.S. & Bhatia, C.R. (1975). Synergistic effect of combined treatments of gamma radiation and ethylmethane sulphonate in barley. Radiation Botany, 15, 223-229.

Khamankar, Y.G. (1984). Differential sensitivity of tomato genes to chemical and physical mutagens. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 44 (1), 80-83.

Khan, I.A. (1982). Variation in quantitative characters of mungbean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) after seed irradiation. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, 23, 105-118.

Khan, I.A. (1984). Mutations induced by gamma irradiation, ethylmethane sulphonate and hydrazine hydrate in mungbean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.). Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, 25 (1), 103-110.

Khan, I.A. (1986). Gamma ray induced variability for days to flowering and chlorophyll mutations in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Tropical Agriculturist, 142, 35-40.

Khan, I.A. (1988). Induced polygenic mutations in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Wheat Information Service, 67, 4-8 (En 16).

Khan, M., Iqbal, A. & Rizwi, M.A. (1989). A pentafoliate leaf mutant of blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Mutation Breeding Newsletter, 34, 20.

Khan, M., Qureshi, A.S., Hussain, S.A., et al. (2005c). Genetic variability induced by gamma irradiation and its modulation with gibberellic acid in M2 generation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 37 (2), 285-292.

Khan, M.H. & Tyagi, S.D. (2009a). Cytological effects of different mutagens in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Frontier in Agriculture in China, 3 (4), 397-401.

Khan, M.H. & Tyagi, S.D. (2009b). Studied on induction of chlorophyll mutations in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Frontier in Agriculture in China, 3 (3), 253-258.

Khan, M.H. & Tyagi, S.D. (2010). Induced morphological mutants in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Frontier in Agriculture in China, 4 (2), 175–180.

Khan, M.H. & Tyagi, S.D. (2010). Studies on effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays, EMS and their combination in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 2 (3), 55-58.

Khan, M.N. (1999). Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of EMS, gamma rays and their combination in black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Advances in Plant Sciences, 12 (I), 203-205.

Khan, S. & Goyal, S. (2009). Mutation Genetic Studies in Mungbean IV. Selection of Early Maturing Mutants. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, 42 (2), 109-113.

Khan, S. & Siddiqui, B.A. (1992). Mutageni effectiveness and efficiency of chemical mutagens in Vigan radiate (L.) Wilczek. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, 25, 291-297.

Khan, S. & Siddiqui, B.A. (1993). Chlorophyll mutations in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.II. Mutagenic efectiveness and effcinecy of chemeical mutagens. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 25 (2), 161-166.

Khan, S. & Siddiqui, B.A. (1995). Mutation genetic studies in mungbean. I. Variability components and genetic parameters. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, 28, 113-124.

Khan, S. & Siddiqui, B.A. (1997). Genetic variability and correlation studies in yield and yield components in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 71, 69-71.

Khan, S. & Wani, M.R. (2004). Studies on the effect of EMS and MMS on biological damage and quantitative characters of mungbean. Vegetos, 17, 15-20.

Khan, S. & Wani, M.R. (2005a). Comparison on the effect of chemical mutagens on mungbean. Advances in Plant Science, 18 (II), 533-535.

Khan, S. & Wani, M.R. (2005b). Genetic variability and correlations studies in chickpea mutants. Journal of Cytology and Genetics, 6, 155-160.

Khan, S. & Wani, M.R. (2006). Genetic variability studies for seed yield and its components in mungbean (Vigna radaiata (L.) Wilczek). Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, 39 (1-2), 83-88.

Khan, S. & Wani, M.R. (2006). Induced muations for yield contributing traits in green gram. Internatinal Journal of Agricultural Biology, 8 (4), 528-530.

Khan, S. (1990). Studies on chemical mutagenesis in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Ph.D. Thesis, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.

Khan, S. (1997). Concepts in mutagenesis B. A. Siddiqui & S. Khan (Eds.), Plant Breeding Advances and in vitro Culture (pp. 98-107). New Delhi: CBS Publishers.

Khan, S. (2002). Studies on the differential chemosensitivity in microsperma and macrosperma lentils. M.Sc. Dissertation, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.

Khan, S., Parveen, K. & Goyal, S. (2011). Induced mutations in chickpea-morphological mutants. Frontier in Agriculture China, 5 (1), 35-39.

Khan, S., Rehman, M.U., Siddiqui, B.A., et al. (1998). Mutagen induced biological damage and chlorophyll mutations in Vigna radiata L.Wilczek. Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 77, 143-145.

Khan, S., Siddiqui, B.A. & Nadeem, M. (1994). Varaitaion in quantitative characters of mungbean after seed treatment with dES. Advances in Plant Science, 7 (1), 41-45.

Khan, S., Siddiqui, B.A., Rehman, M.U., et al. (1998). Response of green gram Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek to maleic hydrazide. Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 77, 95-98.

Khan, S., Wani, M.R. & Parveen, K. (2004a). Induced genetic variability for quantitative traits in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 36 (4), 845-850.

Khan, S., Wani, M.R., Bhat, M.D. & Parveen, K. (2004b). Induction of morphological mutants in chickpea. Internatinal Chickpea & Pigeonpea Newsletter, 11, 6-7.

Khan, S., Wani, M. R., Bhat, M. D., et al. (2004): Induction of morphological mutants in chickpea. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter, 11, 6-7.

Khan, S., Wani, M.R. & Parveen, K. (2005a). An induced bushy mutant in mungbean. Mutation Breeding Newsletter & Review, 1, 10.

Khan, S., Wani, M.R. & Parveen K. (2005b). Chlorophyll mutations induced in mungbean by chemical mutagens. Advances in Plant Science, 18 (1), 343-347.

Khan, S., Wani, M.R. & Parveen K. (2006a). Quantitative variability in mungbean induced by chemical mutagens. Legume Research 29 (2), 143-145.

Khan, S., Wani, M.R. & Parveen K. (2006b). Sodium azide induced high yielding early mutant in lentil. Agricultural Science Digest, 26 (1), 65-66.

Khan, Z., Gupta, H., Ansari, M.Y.K., et al. (2009). Methyl methanesulphonate induced chromosomal variations in a medicinal plant Cichorium intybus L. during microsporogenesis. Biology and Medicine, 1 (2), 66-69.

Kharakwal, M.C. (1981a). Mutational improvement of plant type in chickpea. ICAR Pulse Crop Newsletter, 1, 3-4.

Kharkwal, M.C. & Shu, Q.Y. (2009). The role of induced mutation in world food security. In Q.Y. Shu (Ed.), Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomic Era (pp. 33-38). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nation.

Kharkwal, M.C. (1981b). Induced micromutations in chickpea. Pulse Crops Newsletter, 1, 17-18.

Kharkwal, M.C. (1998a). Induced mutations in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). I. Comparative mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of physical and chemical mutagens. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 58 (2), 159-167.

Kharkwal, M.C. (1998b). Induced mutations in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). II. Frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 58 (4): 465-474.

Kharkwal, M.C. (1999). Induced mutations in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). III. Frequency and spectrum of viable mutations. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 59(4), 451-464.

Kharkwal, M.C. (2001). Induced mutations in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). V. Evaluation of micromutations. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 61(2), 115-124.

Kharkwal, M.C. (2003). Induced mutations in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). VI. Significance of induced altered correlations. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 63 (3), 219-224.

Khattak, A.B. & Klopfenstein, C.F. (1989). Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Nutritional Quality of Grains and Legumes. II. Changes in Amino Acid Profiles and Available Lysine. Cereal Chemistry, 66 (3), 171-172.

Khazanehdari, K.A. & Jones, G.H. (1997). The causes and consequences of meiotic irregularity in the leek (Allium ampeloprasum spp. porrum); implications for fertility, quality and uniformity. Euphytica, 93, 313–319.

Khosh-Khui, M. & Niknejad, M. (1971). Heritability and number of genes controlling flower size in chickpeas. Journal of Heredity, 62, 209-210.

Kim, J.H., Chung, B.Y., Kim, J. S., et al. (2005). Effects of in planta gamma irradiation on growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidative capacity of red pepper. Journal Plant Biology, 48, 47-56.

Kirk, J.T.O. & Juniper, B.E. (1963). The effect of streptomycin on the mitochondria and plastids of barley. Experimental Cell Research, 30 (3), 621-623.

Klasterska I., Natarajan A. & Ramel C. (1976). An interpretation of the origin of subchromatid aberrations and chromosome stickiness as a category of chromatid aberration. Hereditas, 83: 153-162.

Kleinhofs, A., Sander, C., Nilan, R.A., et al. (1974). Azide mutagenecity-mechanism and nature of mutants produced. In Polyploidy and Induced Mutations in Plant Breeding (pp.195-199). Vienna: IAEA.

Knight, E.J. (1993). Fasciation in chickpea: genetics and evaluation. Euphytica, 69, 163-166.

Koduru, P.R.K. & Rao, M.K. (1981). Cytogenetics of synaptic mutants in higher plants. Theoretical & Applied Genetics, 59, 197-214.

Kodym, A. & Afza, R. (2003). Physical and chemical mutagenesis. Methods in Molecular Biology, 236, 189-203.

Koli, N.R. & Ramkrishna, K. (2002). Frequency and spectrum of induced mutations and mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 62 (4), 365-366.

Konzak, C.F. (1973). Using mutagen and mutations in wheat breeding and genetic research: In Procedings of the 4th International Wheat Genetics Symposium (pp. 275-281), Missouri, USA.

Konzak, C.F., Nilan, R.A., Wagner, J., et al. (1965). Efficient chemical mutagenesis. Radiation Botany, 5 (Suppl.), 49-70.

Konzak, C.F., Wickham, I.M. & Dekock, M.J. (1972). Some advances in methods of mutagen treatment. In Induced Mutations and Plant Improvement (pp. 95-119). Vienna: IAEA.

Konzak, C.F., Woo, S.C. & Dickey, J. (1969). An induced semidwarf plant height mutation in spring wheat. Wheat Information Service, 28, 10-12.

Kovalchuk I., Kovalchuk, O. & Hohn, B. (2001). Bio-monitoring the genotoxicity of nvironmental factors with transgenic plants. Trends in Plant Science, 7, 306–310.

Kozgar, M.I., Khan, .& Goyal, G. (2011). EMS induced mutational variability in Vigna radiata and Vigna mungo. Research Journal of Botany, 6 (1), 31-37.

Kozgar, M.I., Khan, S. & Jabeeen, N. (2009). Mitotic studies in chickpea raised in lead nitrate supplemented Murashige and Skoogs basal media. D.I.E. Journal of Science and Engineering Research, 15, (1&2), 9-12.

Kozgar, M.I., Khan, S. & Wani, M.R. (2012). Variability and correlations studies for total iron and manganese contents of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) high yielding mutants. American Journal of Food Technology, 7 (7), 437-444

Kozgar, M.I., Wani, M.R., Khan, S., et al. (2013). Mineral bioavailability through mutation breeding in pulse crops: A review. In P. Ahmad, M.R. Wani, M.M. Azooz & L.S.P. Tran (Eds.), Improvement of Crops in the Era of (pp. 191-204). New York, NY: Springer.Kozgar, M.I., & Khan, S. (2009). Genetic improvement of chickpea through induced mutation. Journal of Phytology, 1 (6), 422-424

Kuduru, P.R.K. & Rao, M.K. (1981). Cytogenetics of synaptic mutants in higher plants. Theoretical & Applied Genetics, 59, 197-214.

Kulthe, M.P. & Kothekar, V.S. (2011). Effects of sodium azide on yield parameters of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Journal of Phytology, 3 (1), 39-42.

Kumar, A., Parmhansh, P. & Prasad, R. (2009a). Induced chlorophyll and morphological mutations in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Legume Research, 32 (1), 41-45.

Kumar, A., Singh, D. P.& Singh, B.B. (1995). Genetic variability for yield and its components in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Indian Journal of Pulses Research, 8 (1), 65-66.

Kumar, B., Mahto, J.L. & Haider, Z.A. (1996). Induced mutation studies in finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 56 (4), 526-532.

Kumar, D.S., Nepolean, T. & Gopalan, A. (2003). Effectiveness and efficiency of the mutagens gamma rays and ethyl methane sulfonate on umabean (Phaseolus lunatus L.). Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 37 (2), 115 -119.

Kumar, G. & Gupta, P. (2007). Mutagenic efficiency of lower doses of gamma rays in black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Cytologia, 72 (4), 435-440.

Kumar, G. & Rai, P.K. (2007). EMS Induced Karyomorphological Variations in Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbreds. Turkish Journal of Biology, 31, 187-195.

Kumar, G. & Singh, V. (2003). Comparative analysis of meiotic abnormalities induced by gamma rays and EMS in barley. Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 82, 19-22.

Kumar, J., Bahl, P.N., Mehra, R.B., et al. (1981). Variability in chickpea. International Chickpea Newsletter, 5, 3-4.

Kumar, L. & Arora, P.P. (1991). Basis of selection in chickpea. Internatinal Chickpea & Pigeonpea Newsletter, 24, 14-15.

Kumar, P. & Sinha, S.S.N. (1989). Effect of gamma radiation on plant attributes in two cultivars of Cajanus cajan and two species of Moghania. Legume Research, 12 (3), 115-122.

Kumar, P.R. (1972). Radiation induced variability in improvement of brown sarson. Radiation Botany, 12, 309-313.

Kumar, R. & Mani, S.C. (1997). Chemical mutagenesis in Manhar variety of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 57 (2), 120-126.

Kumar, S. & Dubey, D. K. (1998). Mutagenic efficiency and effectiveness of separate and combined treatments with gamma rays, EMS and DES in Khesari (Lathyrus sativus L.). Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 77, 1-4.

Kumar, S. & Dubey, D. K. (2001). Variability, heritability and correlation studies in grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.). Lathyrus Lathyrism Newsletter, 2, 79: 81.

Kumar, S. & Dubey, D.K. (1998a). Mutagenic efficiency and effectiveness of separate and combined treatments with gamma rays, EMS and dES in khesari (Lathyrus sativus L.). Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 77, 1-4.

Kumar, S. & Dubey, D.K. (1998b). Effect of gamma rays, EMS and dES on meiosis in Latyrus sativus. Journal of Cytology and Genetics, 33, 139-147.

Kumar, S. & Gupta, P.K. (1978). An induced sterile mutant in blackgram showing failure of chromosome pairing. National Academy Science Letters, 1, 51-53.

Kumar, S., Bejiga, G., Ahmed, S., et al. (2011). Genetic improvement of grass pea for low neurotoxin (b-ODAP) content. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49, 589–600.

Kumar, V., Sharma, A.K., Singh, V.P., et al. (2009b). Characterization of pre-breeding genetic stocks of urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) induced through mutagenesis. In Q.Y. Shu (Ed.), Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era (pp. 391-394). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation.

Kundu, S.K. & Singh, D.P. (1981). EMS induced variability in black gram. Crop Improvement, 8, 71-72.

Kurobane, I. H., Yamaguchi, H., Sander, C., et al. (1979). The effects of gamma irradiation on the production and secretion of enzymes and enzymatic activities in barley. Environmental and Experimental Botany 19, 75-84.

La Fleur, J.D. & Jalal, S.M. (1972). Chromosomal aberrations and fertility interrelationships in prairie Bromus inermis Leyrss population. Cytologia, 37, 747-757.

Ladizinsky, G. & Alder, A. (1976). The origin of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Euphytica, 25, 211-217.

Laemmli, U.K. (1970). Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, 227, 680-685.

Lal, G.M., Toms, B. & Lal, S.S. (2009). Mutagenic sensitivity in early generation in black gram. Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1 (1), 9-11.

Lal, J.P. & Tomer, A. K. (2009). Genetic enhancement of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) for dought tolerance through induced mutations. In Q.Y. Shu (Ed.), Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era (pp. 151-154). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Larik, A.S. (1975). Radiation induced chromosome breakages in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Genetica Polonica, 16, 295-300.

Lawrence, C.W. (1965). Radiation induced polygenic mutations. Radiation Botany (Suppl.), 5, 491-496.

Laxmi, V., Singh, R.B., Singh, B.D., et al. (1975). Meiotic anomalies induced by gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate treatments in pearl millet. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 13, 465-467.

Lee, L.S., Cross, M.J. & Henry R. J. (2009). EMAIL – A highly sensitive tool for specific mutation detection in plant improvement programmes. In Q.Y. Shu (Ed.), Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era (pp. 243-244). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Leea, H., Rustgia, R., Kumara, N., et al. (2011) Single nucleotide mutation in the barley acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) gene confers resistance to imidazolinone herbicides. PNAS, 108 (21), 8909-8913.

Lev-Yadun, S., Gopher, A. & Abbo, S. (2000). The Cradle of Agriculture. Science, 288 (5471), 1602-1603.

Li, S. (2013). Space breeding seeds to bring benefits to TCM. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013-07/04/c_132512624.htm (Accessed on: 5th July, 2013)

Lin, C.Y., Pevzner, I. & Friars, G.W. (1979). Experimental investigation of errors of heritability estimates in index selection. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 21, 303-308.

Liu, F., Cao, M., Rong, T., et al. (2005). Screening a RAPD marker related to the maize male sterility gene obtained by space flight. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 23 (1), 19-23.

Loesch, P.J. (1964). Effect of mutated background of genotype on mutant expression in Arachis hypogea L. Crop Science, 4, 73-78.

Loneragan, J. F., Grunes, D. L., Welch, R. M., et al. (1982). Phosphorus accumulation and toxicity in leaves in relation to zinc supply, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Journal, 46, 345.

Loveless, A. (1959). The influence of radiomimetic substances on deoxyribose nucleic acid synthesis and function studies in Escherichia coli phage system. III. Mutation of T-2 bacteriophages as a consequence of alkylation in vitro. The uniqueness of ethylation. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B, 150, 497-507.

Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., et al. (1951). Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193, 265-275.

MacKay, T.F.C. (2011). Mutations and quantitative genetic variation: lessons from Drosophila. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B., 365, 1229–1239.

Mackinney, G. (1941). Absorption of light by chlorophyll solution. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 140, 315-322.

Mahapatra, B.K. (1983). Studies on comparative spectrum and frequency of induced genetic variability in green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Ph.D. Thesis, IARI, New Delhi.

Mahmoud, A.A. & Al-Twaty, N. (2006). Effect of gamma irradiation and sodium azide on some economic traits in tomato. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 13 (1), 44-49.

Mahna, S.K., Garg, R. & Parvateesam, M. (1989). Mutagenic effects of sodium azide on black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.). Current Science, 58 (10), 582-584.

Mahto, R.N., Haque, M.F. & Prasad, R. (1989). Biological effects of gamma rays in chickpea. Indian Journal of Pulses Research, 2 (2), 160-162.

Maity, J. P., Chakraborty, S., Kara, S., et. al. (2009). Effects of gamma irradiation on edible seed protein, amino acids and genomic DNA during sterilization. Food Chemistry, 114, 1237-1244.

Makeen, K. & Babu, G.S. (2010). Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays, sodium azide and their synergistic effects in urdbean (Vigna mungo L.). World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6 (2), 234-237.

Makeen, K., Suresh, B.G., & Lavanya, G.R. (2010). Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma -- rays, sodium azide and their synergistic effects in black gram (V. mungo L.). EJEAFChe, 9 (5), 860-865.

Makeen, K., Suresh, G.B., Lavany, G.R., et al. (2009). Genetic divergence and character association in micromutants of urdbean (Vigna mungo L.) variety T-9. Academic Journal of Plant Sciences, 2 (3), 205-208.

Malakarjuna, N., Coyne, C., Cho, S. et al. (2011). Cicer. In C. Kole (Ed.) Wild crop relatives: Genomic and breeding resources, Legume crop and forages (pp. 63-82). Ney York: Springer.

Maluszynski, M. (2001). Officially released mutant varieties – The FAO/IAEA Database. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 65, 175–177.

Maluszynski, M., Ahloowalia, B.S.& Sigurbijornsson, B. (1995). Application of in vivo and in vitro mutation techniques for crop improvement. Euphytica, 85, 303-315.

Mandal, N. (1974). Induction of variability for nutritional and agronomic characters in bengal gram (Cicer arietinum L.). Ph.D. Thesis, IARI, New Delhi, India.

Manjaya J.G. (2009). Genetic improvement of soybean variety VLS-2 through induced mutations. In Q.Y. Shu (Ed.), Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era (pp.106-110). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Manju, P. & Gopimony, R. (2009). Anjitha - A new okra variety through induced mutation in interspecific hybrids of Abelmoschus spp. In Q.Y. Shu (Ed.), Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era (pp. 87-90). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Marghitu, V. (1972). Mutagenic effect of X-rays and EMS in French bean in M3 and M4 generations. Striinte Agricole, 3, 105-109.

Mary, J.R. & Jayabalan, N. (1995). EMS induced variability in sesame. Crop Improvement, 22 (2), 170-174.

Massoud, R., Karamian, R. & Nouri, S. (2011). Impact of cytomixis on meiosis in Astragalus cyclophyllos Beck (Fabaceae) from Iran. Caryologia, 64 (3), 256-264.

Mather, K. & Jinks, J.L. (1971). Biometrical Genetics. Chapman and Hall Ltd., London.

Mathew, V., Lavanya, G.R, Lal, S.B., et al. (2005). Exploration of genetic variability in M1 generation following mutagenesis with EMS in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Mysore Journal of Agriculture Science, 39 (4), 462-465.

Matta, N.K. & Gatehouse, J.A. (1982). Inheritance and mapping of storage protein genes in Pisum sativum L. Heredity, 48, 383-392.

Maurya, D.K., Devasagayam, T. P.A. & Nair, C.K.K. (2006). Some novel approaches for radioprotection and the beneficial effect of natural products. Indian Journal of Experimental Botany, 44, 93-114.

Mba C (2013) Induced mutations unleash the potentials of plane genetic resources for food and agriculture. Agronomy, 3, 200-231.

Mehandjiev, A. (2005). Role of experimental mutagenesis for genetic improvement of peas and soybean. In S.K. Datta (Ed.), Role of Classical Mutation Breeding in Crop Improvement. Delhi: Daya Publishing House.

Mehandjiev, A., Kosturkova, G. & Mihov, G. (2001). Enrichment of Pisum sativum gene resources through combined use of physical and chemical mutagens. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 49 (4), 280 – 284.

Mehetre, S.S., Shinde, R.B., Borle, U.M., et al. (1998). Studies on variability, heritability and genetic advance for some morpho-physiological traits in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill). Advances in Plant Science, 11 (1), 27-31.

Mehraj-ud-din, Siddiqui, B. A., Khan, S., et al. (1999). Induced mutations in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek): efficiency and effectiveness of chemical mutagens. Legume Research, 22 (4), 245-248.

Mei, M., Qin, Y. & Sun, Y. (1998). Morphological and molecular changes of maize plants after seeds been flown on recoverable satellite. Advances in Space Research, 22, 1691-1697.

Mensah, J.K., P.G. Eruotor; J.E. Iyeke & E.O. Ekpekurede (2003). Mutagenic effects of hydroxylamine, streptomycin and urea on rice (Oryza sativa, L. cv. ITA 150). Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 37 (2), 88-93.

Micke, A. (1979). Crop improvement by induced mutations. Use of mutation induction to alter the ontogenic pattern of crop plants. Gamma Field Symposium, 18, 1-23.

Micke, A. (1988). Genetic improvement of grain legumes using induced mutations. In Improvement of Grain Legume Production Using Induced Mutations (pp. 1-51). Vienna: IAEA.

Micke, A. (1995). Radiation mutagenesis for genetic improvement of plants. In B. Sharma, et al. (Eds.), Genetic Research and Education: Current Trends and the Next Fifty Years (pp. 1129-1142). New Delhi: Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding.

Micke, A. (1999). Mutations in plant breeding. In B.A. Siddiqui & S. Khan (Eds.), Breeding in Crop Plants: Mutations and in vitro Mutation Breeding (1019). Ludhina, India: Kalyani Publishers.

Miko, I. (2008). Mitosis, meiosis, and inheritance. Nature Education, 1 (1), 206.

Misra, R.N., Jachuck, P.J. & S. Sampath (1973). Induced mutations for practical utility in rice. In Interntional Sympymposium On Use of Isotopes and Radiations in Agriculture and Animal Husbandry (pp. 1971). New Delhi.

Mitra, P.K. & Bhowmik, G. (1996). Cytological abnormalities in Nigella sativa induced by gamma rays and EMS. Journal of Cytology and Genetics, 31, 205-215.

Mitra, P.K. & Bhowmik, G. (1999). Studies on the frequency and segregation of induced chlorophyll mutations in Nigella sativa L. Advances in Plant Science, 12 (I), 125-129.

Mohammadi, R. & Pourdad, S. S. (2009). Estimation, interrelationships and repeatability of genetic variability parameters in spring safflower using multi-environment trial data. Euphytica, 165, 313–324.

Mohanasundaram, M., Thamburaj, S. & Natarajan, S. (2001). Observation on gamma ray induced viable mutations in vegetable cowpea. Mutation Breeding Newsletter, 45, 37-38.

Mohanty, B.K. (2001). Studies on variability, heritability, interrelationship and path analysis in Kharif onion. Crop Research, 22, 251-255.

Moreno, M. T. & Cubero, J. I. (1978). Variation in Cicer arietinum L. Euphytica, 27, 465-468.

Moussa, H. R. & Jaleel, C. A. (2011). Physiological effects of glycinebetaine on gamma-irradiated stressed fenugreek plants. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 33, 1135–1140.

Mubeen, R., Khan , I.A. & Anwar, S.Y. (2007). Correlation studies in treated population of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper. Indian Journal of Applied & Pure Biology, 22 (1), 123-128.

Muehlbauer F.J. & Tullu, A. (1997). Cicer arietinum L., NewCROP FactSHEET. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/cropfactsheets/chickpea.html#Taxonomy , accessed on 31, May, 2011).

Muehlbauer, F.J. & Singh, K.B. (1987). Genetics of chickpea. In M.C. Saxena & K.B. Singh (Eds.), The Chickpea I (pp. 99-126). CAB International.

Mujeeb, K.A. (1974). Gamma radiation induced variation in some morphological and nutritional components of Cicer arietinum L. Plant Breeding Abstacts, 45 (4), 3246.

Muller, H.J. (1927). Artificial transmutation of genes. Science, 66, 84.

Muntzung, A. & Bose, S. (1969). Induced mutations i n inbred lines of rye in EMS treatments. Hereditas, 62 (3), 382-408.

Murata, M., Shibata, F. & Yokota, E. (2006). The origin, meiotic behavior, and transmission of a novel minichromosome in Arabidopsis thaliana. Chromosoma, 115, 311–319.

Murugan, S. & Subramanian, M. (1993). Variability studies for polygenic traits in M3 and M4 generations of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). Crop Research (Hissar), 6 (2), 264-269.

Muthusamy, A. & Jayabalan, N. (2002). Effect of mutagens on pollen fertility of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 62 (2), 187.

Nadarajan, N., Sathupati, R. & Shivaswamy, N. (1982). Investigation on induced macromutations in Cajanus cajan. Madras Agricultural Journal, 69, 713-717.

Naik, B.S., Singh, B. & Kole, C. (2002). A promising mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) genotype with high protein content and seed yield. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 62 (4), 342-344.

Nakagawa, H. (2009). Induced Mutations in Plant Breeding and Biological Researches in Japan. In Q. Y. Shu (Eds), Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era (pp. 48-54). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation.

Nakagawa, H., Annai, T., Okabe, A., et al. (2011). Mutation breeding of soybean in Japan. In S. Khan & M.I. Kozgar (Eds.), Breeding of Pulse Crops (pp. 14-41) Ludhina, India: Kalyani Publishers.

Nalini, R., Reddy, V.R.K. & Pushpalatha, K.N. (1993). Induced mutations in barley and wheat – polygenic variability for different quantitative parameters. Advances in Biosciences. 12 (1), 29-40.

Natarajan, A.T. (2005). Chemical mutagenesis: From plants to humans. Current Science, 89 (2), 312-317.

Nerker, Y.S. & Mote, S.B. (1978). Induced mutagenesis in bengal gram (Cicer arietinum L.). II. Micromutations. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Univesrity, 3, 180-183.

Nerker, Y.S. (1977). Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays, ethylmethane sulphonate and nitroso methyl urea in Lathyrus sativus. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 37 (1), 137-141.

NFHS 3 (2007a). Nutrition and Anemia. In National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005–06: India: Volume I (pp. 271-274). International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International. Mumbai: IIPS.

NFHS 3 (2007b). Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005–06: India: Volume I. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International. Mumbai: IIPS.

Nilan, R.A. (1967). Nature of induced mutations in higher plants. Induced mutations and their utilization. In Proceedings of Symposium Erawim Baur Gedachtnis Orle Singen IV 1966 (pp.5-20). Berlin: Acverlag.

Novak, F.J. & Brunner, H. (1992). Plant breeding: Induced mutation technology for crop improvement. IAEA BULLETIN, 4, 25-33.

Odeigah, P.G.C., Osanyinpejo, A.O. & Myers, G.O. (1998). Induced mutations in cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (Leguminosae). Revista Biolgía Tropical, 46 (3), 579-586.

Ogunbodede, B.A. & Brunner, H. (1991). Effects of ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) on seedling traits in kenef (Hibiscus cannabis L.). Journal of Genetics and Breeding, 45, 281-284.

Okuno, K. & Kawai, T. (1978). Genetic analysis of induced long culm mutants in rice. Japan Journal of Breeding, 28, 336-342.

Olejniczak, J. (1986). Characteristics of early and protein mutants in maize (Zea mays L.). In A.B. Prasad (Ed.), Mutagenesis: Basic and Applied (pp. 149-158). Lucknow, India: Print House.

Omara. M.K. (1976). Cytomisis in Lolium perenne. Chromosoma, 55, 261-271.

Pagliarini, M.S. (1990). Meiotic behavior and pollen fertility in Aptenia cordifolia (Aizoaceae). Caryologia, 43, 157-162.

Pagliarini, M.S., De Freitas, P.M. & Batista, L.A.R. (2000). Chromosome stickiness in meiosis of a Brazilian Paspalun accession. Cytologia, 65, 289-294.

Pagliarini, M.S., Pissinatti, M.B. & Silva, N. (1993). Chromosomal behaviour and seed production in Chlorophylum comosum (Liliaceae). Cytologia, 58, 433-437.

Pandey, N., Ojha, C.B., Jha, V.B., et al. (1996). Effect of chemical mutagens on the rate of germination, seedling mortality, and induced sterility in pigeonpea. International Chickpea & Pigeonpea Newsletter, 3, 65-67.

Pandey, R.N. (2002). Radiation induced self-incompatibility and its inheritance in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 62 (3), 265-266.

Pandey,U.N & Singh, B.B. (1991). Nitarte reductase in relation to yiled in lentil (Lens esculenta Moench.). Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 34 (2), 196-197.

Parry, M.A., Madgwick, P. J., Bayon, C., et al. (2009). Mutation discovery for crop improvement. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60 (10), 2817-2825.

Patel, S.T. & Shah, R.M. (1982). Genetic parameters, associations and path analysis in blackgram (Vigna mumgo (L.) Hepper). Madras Agricultural Journal, 69, 535-539.

Patil, A., Taware, S.P. & Raut, V.M. (2004) Induced variation in quantitative traits due to physical (γ rays), chemical (ems) and combined mutagen treatments in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], Soybean Genetics Newsletter, 31, 1-6

Patil, B.C. (1992).. The induction of tetraploid in Crotalaria linifolia Linn. Cytologia, 57, 247-252.

Paul, A. & Singh, D.P. (2002). Induced chlorophyll mutations in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 62 (3), 263-264.

Pavadai, P., Girija, M. & Dhanavel, D. (2009). Effectiveness, efficiency and biochemical content of physical and chemical mutagens in soybean (Gylcine max (L.) Merr.). Journal of Phytology, 1 (6), 444-447.

Pavadai, P., Girija, M. & Dhanavel, D. (2010). Effect of Gamma Rays on some Yield Parameters and Protein Content of Soybean in M2, M3 and M4 Generation. Journal of Experimental Sciences, 1 (6), 08-11.

Pawar, N., S. Pai, M. Nimbalkar, et al. (2010). Induction of chlorophyll mutants in Zingiber officinale Roscoe by gamma rays and EMS. Emiratus Journal of Food and Agriculture, 22 (5), 406-411.

Perry, J. A.Wang, T. L., Welham, T. J., et al. (2003). A TILLING Reverse Genetics Tool and a Web-Accessible Collection of Mutants of the Legume Lotus japonicas. Plant Physiology, 131, 866–871.

Pipie, A. (1972). Effect of some chemical mutagens on pea varieties. In Eksperim mutagens V (pp. 319-324). Moscow: Selecktsii.

Potdukhe, N.R. & Narkhede, M. N. (2002). Induced mutations in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Biology, 31 (1), 41-46.

Prakash, B.G. & Shambulingappa, K.G. (1999). Estimation of chlorophyll and viable mutation under M2 generation in rice bean (Vigna umbellata L. Thunb.). Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Science, 12 (1-4), 38-42.

Prasad, A.B. & Das, A. K. (1980). Studies of induced chlorophyll mutations in Lathyrus sativus L. Cytologia, 45, 335-341.

Prasad, A.B. Verma, N.P. & Jha, A.M. (1986). Seed protein content and protein pattern in gamma ray induced Phaseolus mutants. In A.B. Prasad (Ed.), Mutagenesis – Basic and Applied (pp. 159-184) Lucknow, India: Print House.

Pundir, R.P.S. & Reddy, G.V. (1998). Two new traits – open flower and small leaf in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Euphytica, 102, 357-361.

Qin, R., Qiu, Y., Cheng, Z., et al. (2008). Genetic analysis of a novel dominant rice dwarf mutant 986083D. Euphytica, 160, 379-387.

Radhadevi, K. & Reddi, T.V.V. (1997). Cytogenetics of interchange heterozygotes in scented rice by recurrent treatments with gamma rays. Journal of Cytology and Genetics 32, 129-133.

Raghuvanshi, R.K (1984). Cytomorphological features of colchicines induced tetraploid and aberrant in chilli (Capsicum L.). Perspectives in Cytology and Genetics, 4, 209-212.

Rahimzadeh, P., Hosseini, S. & Dilmaghani, K. (2011). Effects of UV-A and UV-C radiation on some morphological and physiological parameters in savory (Setureja hortensis L.). Annals of Biological Research, 2 (5), 164-171.

Rajput, M.A. (1974). Increased variability in the M2 of gamma irradiated mungbean (P. aureus Roxb.). Radiation Botany, 14, 85-89.

Ramanna, M.S. (1974). The origin of unreduced microspores due to aberrant cytokinesis in meiocytes of potato and its genetic significance. Euphytica, 23, 20-30.

Ramanujam, S. (1976). Chickpea. In N.W. Simmonds (Ed.), Evolution of Crop Plants (pp. 157-159). London, UK: Longman.

Ramesh, B.& Dhananjay, S. (1996). Developmental morphology of induced semi dwarf and stunted mutants in lentil. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 56 (3), 335-340.

Ramulu, S. K., 1974: Induced polygeneic variability in sorghum. Genet. Agrar., 8, 278-291.

Ranalli, P. (2012). The role of induced plant mutations in the present era. In M.I. Kozgar & S. Khan (Eds.), Induced Mutagenesis in Crop Plants. Bioremediation, Biodiversity and Bioavailability 6 (Special Issue 1) (pp. 1-5.). Ikenobe, Japan: Global Science Books.

Rao, D.M. (1984). Induction of mutations in pigeonpea. Mutation Breeding Newsletter, 24, 8.

Rao, D.M., Tummala, P., Reddy, et al. (1988). Characterization of induced polygenic variability in pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan L.). Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, 63 (4), 387-396.

Rao, G.M. & Rao, V.M. (1983). Mutagenic efficiency, effectiveness and factor of effectiveness of physical and chemical mutagens in rice. Cytologia, 48, 427-436.

Rao, N.B. & Laxmi, N. (1980). Gamma ray induced meiotic abnormalities in Capsicum annuum L. Caryologia, 33, 509-518.

Rao, N.S. & Ayengar, A.R.G. (1964). Combined effects of thermal neutrons and dES on mutation frequency and spectrum in rice. Proededings of Symposium on Biological Effect in Neutron and Protein Irradiation (pp. 383-394). Vienna: IAEA.

Rao, P.N., Ranganadham, P. & Nirmala, A. (1990). Behaviour of a sticky desynaptic mutant in pearl millet. Genetics, 81, 221-227.

Rao, S.K. (1996). Variation, correlation and regression studies in chickpeas. Agricultural Science Digest, 16 (4), 209-212.

Rapoport, I.A. (1966). Peculiarities and Mechanisms of Action of Supermutagens (pp. 9-23). Nawka, Moscow: Supermutagens Publishing House.

Rather, A.G., Mir, G.N. & Sheikh, F.A. (1998). Genetic parameters for some quantitative traits in rice. Advances in Plant Science, 11 (2), 163-166.

Raut, V.K., Patil, J.V.& Gawande, V.L. (2004). Correlation and path analysis for quantitative traits in chickpea. Indian Journal of Pulses Research, 17 (1), 82-83.

Raveendran, P. & Jayabalan, N. (1997). Induced chlorophyll mutation studies in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 76, 197-199.

Ravikesavan, R., Kalaimagal, T. & Rathnaswamy, R. (2001). An extra early mutant of pigeonpea. Mutation Breeding Newsletter, 45, 19-20.

Rebollo, E. & Arana, P. (2001). Active role of lagging chromosomes in spindle collapse as revealed by live phase contrast and tubulin immunostaining in grasshopper spermatocytes. Chromosoma, 110, 292–304.

Reddi, T.V.V.S. & Suneetha, J. (1992). Chlorophyll deficient mutations induced in rice by alkylating agents and azide. Cytologia, 57, 283-288.

Reddy, C.S. & Smith, J.D. (1984). Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of hydrazine and ethylmethane sulphonate in Sorghum bicolor. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 44 (1), 49-54.

Reddy, K.J.M. & Vidyavathi (1985). Effect of sumithion on the germination growth, chromosomal aberration and the enzyme amylase of Dolichos biflorus. L. Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 64, 88-92.

Reddy, K.R. & Khan, A.Q. (1984). Association among yield and quality characters in sugarcane. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, 54 (8), 645-650.

Reddy, M.P. & Vora, A.B. (1986). Changes in pigment composition, Hill reaction activity and saccharide metabolism in bajra (Pennisetum typhoides S&H) leaves under NaCl salinity. Photosynthetica, 20: 5-55.

Reddy, T.P., Reddy, C.S. & Reddy, G.M. (1973). Mutational studies with some base specific chemicals in Oryza sativa. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 11, 222-224.

Reddy, V.R.K. & Annadurai, M. (1992). Cytological effects of different mutagens in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Cytologia, 57, 213-216.

Reddy, V.R.K. & Gupta, P.K. (1988). Induced mutations in hexaploid triticale. Frequency and spectrum of morphological mutations. Genetics in Agriculture, 42, 241-254.

Reddy, V.R.K. & Gupta, P.K. (1989). Induced mutations in triticale. Frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 49 (2), 183-190.

Reddy, V.R.K. & Revathi, R. (1991). Induction of chlorophyll mutants in triticale, wheat and barley. New Botanist, XIX, 229-241.

Reddy, V.R.K. (1988). Desirable induced mutations in triticale. Journal of Nuclear Agriculture and Biology, 17, 76-82.

Reddy, V.R.K. (1989). Induced mutations in triticale – polygenic variability for different quantitative characters. Crop Research, 2 (1), 12-17.

Reddy, V.R.K. (1990). Cytology of some morphological mutamts in Triticale. Acta Botanica Indica, 18, 146-149.

Reddy, V.R.K. (1992). Induced mutations in hexaploid Triticlae-Seggregation pattern of morphological mutants. Acta Botanica Indica, 20, 182-188.

Reddy, V.R.K., Indra, M., Pushpalatha, K.N., et al. (1992). Biological effects of physical and chemical mutagens and their combinations in lentil. Acta Botanica Indica, 20, 93-98.

Reddy, V.R.K., Revathi, R. & Nalini, R. (1991). Effect of physical and chemical mutagens on meiotic behaviour in barley and wheat. Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 70, 113-118.

Reddy, V.R.K., Thresiamma, P.J. & Edwin, R. (1993). A comparative study of microsperma and macrosperma lentils. I. Chlorophyll mutations. Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 72, 25-28.

Rehman, M.U., Siddiqui, B.A., Khan, S., et al. (2001). Hydrazine hydrate induced dwarf bold seeded mutant in black gram cultivar ‘PU-19’. Mutation Breeding Newsletter, 45, 24-25.

Rehman, M., Siddiqui, B.A. & Khan, S. (2000). Chemo-mutagenic studies on biological parameters Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. Advances in Plant Science, 13 (1), 271-275.

Rehman, M.U. (2000). Studies on the induced mutagenesis in urdbean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Ph.D. Thesis. Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.

Rengel, Z., Batten, G.D. & Crowley, D.E. (1999). Agronomic approaches for improving the micronutrient density in edible portions of field crops. Field Crops Research, 60, 27-40.

Saba, N. & Mirza, B. (2002). Ems induced genetic variability in Lycopersicon esculentum. Internatinal Journal of Agricultural Biology, 4 (1), 89-92.

Sadasivam, S. & Manickam, A. (2008). Biochemical Methods, Third edition (pp. 54-61). New Delhi: New Age International (P) Limited.

Saeed, A. (1993). Meiotic studies in two cultivars of Cicer arietinum L. after gamma irradiation. Cytologia, 58, 61-65.

Sagade, A. B. & Apparao, B. J. (2011). M1 generation studies in urdbean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences, 2 (2), 372-375.

Saini, D.P. & Gautam, P.L. (1990). Early generation selection in durum wheat. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 50 (2), 147-152.

Sakin, M.A. & Yildirim, A. (2004). Induced mutations for yield and its components in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Food Agriculture and Environment, 2 (1), 285-290.

Sakin, M.A. (2002). The use of micro-mutation for quantitative charaters after EMS and gamma ray ytreatments in duran wheta breeding. Pakistan Journal of Applied Sciences, 2 (12), 1102-1107.

Saleem, M.Y., Mukhtar, Z., Cheema, A.A., et al. (2005). Induced mutation and in vitro techniques as a method to induce salt tolerance in Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.). International. Journal of Enviromental Science Technology, 2 (2), 141-145.

Salim, A.R., Hussain, H. & Shawaf, E.J. (1974). EMS and gamma rays induced mutations in Pisum sativum L. II. Effect on M1 generation, seedling height and fertility. Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 3, 172-179.

Salimath, P.M., Bahl, P. N.& Mehra, R. B. (1984). Genetic diversity in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Zeitschrift Fur Pflanzenzucht, 92, 52-60.

Sangwan, H.P.S. & Singh, R. K. (1977). Pattern of gamma ray induced polygenic variability in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Journal of Genetics, 63 (2), 83-88.

Santalla, M., Amurrio, J.M. & De Ron, A.M. (2001). Food and feed potential breeding value of green, dry and vegetable pea germplasm. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 81, 601-610.

Sarawgi, A.K. & Soni, D.K. (1994). Induced genetic variability in M1 and M2 population of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Biol. Agt., 97, 51-56.

Sarbhoy, R.K. (1977). Cytogenetical studies in the genus Phaseolus Linn. III Evolution in the genus Phaseolus. Cytologia, 42, 401-413.

Sarduie-Nasab, S., Sharifi-Sirchi, G. R & Torabi-Sirchi, M. H. (2010). Assessment of dissimilar gamma irradiations on barley (Hordeum vulgare spp.). Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 2 (4), 059-063.

Sareen, S. & Kaul, A. K. (1999). Mutation breeding in improvement of Plantago ovata Forsk. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 59, 334-337.

Sarker, A. & Sharma, B. (1988). Efficiency of early generation selection for induced polygenic mutations in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 48 (2), 155-159.

Sarma, N.P., Patnaik, A. & Jachuck, P.J. (1979). Azide mutagenesis in rice – Effect of concentration and soaking time on induced chlorophyll mutation frequency. Environmental and Experimntal Botany, 19 (2), 117-121.

Sarvella, P. (1958). Cytomixis and the loss of chromosomes in meiotic and somatic cells of Gossypium. Cytologia, 23, 14-24.

Sato, M. & Gaul, H. (1967). Effects of ethylmethane sulphonate on the fertility of barley. Radiation Botany, 7, 7-15.

Sato, Y., Shirasawa, K., Takahashi, Y., et. al. (2006) Mutant selection from progeny of gamma-ray-irradiated rice by DNA Heteroduplex Cleavage using Brassica petiole extract. Breeding Science, 56, 179-183

Satoh, H. & Omura, T. (1981). New endosperm mutations induced by chemical mutagens in rice, Oryza sativa L. Japan Journal of Breeding, 31 (3), 316-326.

Satyanarayana, A., Rao, Y., Seenaiah, P., et al. (1989). Multifoliate leaf mutants of mungbean and urdbean. Mutation Breeding Newsletter, 33, 17.

Satyanarayana, B. & Subhash, K. (1982). Studies on EMS induced mutations in egg plant. Geobios, 9, 137-141.

Schulz-Schaeffer, J. (1980). Cytogenetics. Plants, Animals, Humans (pp. 273). Heidelberg, Berlin , NY: Springer Verlag.

Scossiroli, R.E. (1964). Wheat mutagenesis in quantitative traits. In Proceedings of the 2nd. Wheat Genetics Symposium (pp. 85-101). Lund.

Scossiroli, R.E., Palenzona D.L. & Scossiroli-Pellagrani S. (1966). Studies on the induction of new genetic variability for quantitative traits by seed irradiation and its use for wheat improvement. Mutation in Plant breeding (pp. 197-229.). Vienna: IAEA.

Selvam, Y.A., Elangaimannan, R., Venkatesan, M., et al. (2010). Chemically induced mutagenesis in blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 1 (4), 921-924.

Sethi, G.S. (1974). Long-penduncled mutant: a new mutant type induced in barley. Euphytica, 23, 237-239.

Seung, G. W., Byung, Y.C., Jae, S.K., et al. (2007) Effects of gamma irradiation on morphological changes and biological responses in plants. Micron, 38, 553–564.

Shah, D., Singh, R.R. & Kaur, A. (1992). Gamma rays induced nucleolar behaviour and mitotic anomalies in Vigna mungo. Acta Botanica Indica, 20, 300-302.

Shah, T.M., Mirza, J. I., Haq, M. A., et al. (2006). Induced genetic variability in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) i. frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 38 (4), 1217-1226.

Shah, T.M., Mirza, J. I., Haq, M. A., et al. (2008). Induced genetic variability in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) II. Comparative mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of physical and chemical mutagens. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40 (2), 605-613.

Shakoor, A. &Haq, M.A. (1980). Improvement of plant architecture in chickpea and mungbean. In Induced Mutations for Improvement of Grain Legume Production I. (pp. 50-62). Vienna: IAEA.

Shakoor, A., Sadiq, M. S. Hasan, M. U., et al. (1978). Selection for useful semi dwarf mutants through induced mutation in bread wheat. In Proceedings of the 5th International Wheat Genetics Symposium New Delhi, Vol. I (23-28), pp. 540-546.

Shamsuzzaman, K.M., Islam, M.M., Begum, M., et al. (2005). Development of an early maturing chickpea variety, BINASOLA-3. Mutation Breeding Newsletter & Review, 1, 8-9.

Shanthi, P. & Singh, J. (2001). Genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficient studies in induced mutants of Mahsuri rice. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University, 26 (2), 211-212.

Shapouri, S., & Rosen, S. (2001). Food security assessment: Regional overview. In Issues in Food Security. Agriculture Information Bulletin Number 765-1, Washington D.C.: Economic Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).

Sharam, B. (1985). Chemical mutagens. In Advances in Chromosome and Cell Genetics. (pp. 255-293). New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Pub. Co.

Sharma A.K., Singh V.P. & Singh R.M. (2006); Efficiency and effectiveness of the gamma rays, EMS and their combinations in urdbean. Indian Journal of Pulses Research, 19 (1), 111-112.

Sharma, A., Plaha, P., Rathour, R., et al. (2010). Induced mutagenesis for improvement of garden pea. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 16, 60-72.

Sharma, B. (1965). A comparative study of physical and chemical mutagens on the basis of variation appearing in second generation. Izvstica Timiriazev. Agric. Acad. (Moscow), 4, 127-140.

Sharma, B. (1986). Increasing the efficiency of mutagenesis for micromutations by early generation selection. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 46 (1), 88-100.

Sharma, B. (1995). Mutation breeding through induced polygenic variability. In Proceedings of Symosium on Genetic Research and Education: Current Trends and the Next Fifty Years. New Delhi, Vol. III, pp. 1210-1219.

Sharma, B. (1997). Effective use of induced polygenic variability for quantitative traits in plant breeding. In Plant Breeding and Crop Improvement (Vol. II). (Eds.) R.L. Kapoor and M.L. Saini (pp. 265-267). New Delhi: CBS Pub. & Distributors.

Sharma, B. (2001). Mutagenicity of a new dimethyl nitroso compound in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 61 (3), 235-237.

Sharma, B.A. (1969). Non-random induction of multimutations in higher plants. In Proceedings of symposiun on radiations and radiomimetic substances in mutation breeding DAE/BARC (pp. 22-31).

Sharma, G. & Gohil, R. N. (2011). Occurrence of differential meiotic associations and additional chromosomes in the embryo-sac mother cells of Allium roylei Stearn. Journal of Genetics, 90 (1): 45-49.

Sharma, R., Singh, V.P., Srivastava, A., et al. (1995). The influence of copper on the mutagenic efficiency of EMS in mungbean. Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 74, 83-84.

Sharma, R.P. (1969). Increased mutation frequency and wider mutation in barley induced by combining gamma rays with EMS. Indian Journal of Genetics, 30 (1), 180-186.

Sharma, R.P. (1970). Increased mutation frequency and wider mutation spectrum in barley induced by combining gamma rays with ethyl methane sulphonate. Indian Journal of Genetics, 30, 180-186.

Sharma, S.K. & Sharma B. (1979). Leaf mutations induced with NMU and gamma rays in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Current Science, 48, 916-917.

Sharma, S.K. & Sharma B. (1981). Induced chlorophyll mutations in lentil. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 41 (3), 328-333.

Sharma, S.K. & Sharma, B. (1984). Pattern of induced macro and micro mutations with gamma rays and NMU in lentil. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 24 (1), 343-351.

Sharma, S.K. (1990). Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency in microsperma lentil. Cytologia 55, 243-247.

Sharma, V. & Kumar, G. (2004). Meiotic Studies in Two Cultivars of Cicer arietinum L. after EMS treatment. Cytologia, 69 (3), 243-248.

Sheeba, A., Ibrahim, S.M., Yogameenakshi, P., et al. (2003). Effect of mutagens on quantitative traits in M2 generation in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 63 (2), 173-174.

Shereen, A., R. Ansari, S. Mumtaz, H.R., et al. (2009). Impact of gamma irradiation induced changes on growth and physiological responses of rice under saline conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41 (5), 2487-2495.

Shin, J.-M.; Kim B.-K., Seo S.-G., et al. (2011). Mutation breeding of sweet potato by gamma-ray radiation. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6 (6), 1447-1454.

Shu, Q.Y. (2009). Turning plant mutation breeding into a new era: Molecular Mutation Breeding. In Q.Y. Shu (Ed.), Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Siddiqui, B. A. (1987). Colchicine induced cytomorphological variations in Solanum melongena L., Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research XXII (1-4), 141-147.

Siddiqui, B.A. & Azad S.A., (1998). Induced variability by chemical mutagenesis in Capsicum annum L. var. California Wonder (CW). Advances in Plant Science, 11 (1), 51-56.

Siddiqui, B.A. (1999). Mutagenesis – Tools and techniques: A practical view. In B.A. Siddiqui & S. Khan (Eds.), Breeding in Crop Plants: Mutations and in vitro Mutation Breeding (pp. 20-34), Lughina, India: Kalyani Publishers.

Siddiqui, K.A. & Yousufzai, M.N. (1988). Natural and induced variation for endomorphic traits in the tribe Triticeae. In Proeedings of 7th Wheat Genetics Symposium, Cambridge, 139-143.

Siddiqui, K.A. (1983). Utilization of induced variations in wheat improvement. In Proceedings of 6th Wheat Genetics Symposium Kyoto (Japan), 79-80.

Siddiqui, M.A., Khan, I.A. & Khatri, A. (2009). Induced quantitative variability by gamma rays and ethylmethane sulphonate alone and in combination in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41 (3), 1189-1195.

Siddiqui, N.H., Khan, R. & Rao, G.R. (1979). A case of cytomixis in Solanum nigrum L. complex. Current Science, 48 (3), 118-119.

Siddiqui, S.A. & Singh, S. (2010). Induced genetic variability for yield and yield traits in basmati rice. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6 (3), 331-337.

Sidorova, K.K. (1981). Influence of genotypic background on the expressivity of mutant genes of pea. Pulse Crops Newsletter, 1 (3), 23-24.

Singh, A.K. (2007a). Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays and ethylmethane sulphonate in mungbean. Madras Agricultural Journal, 94 (1-6), 7-13.

Singh, B. (2007b). Induced leaf and inflorescence mutations in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 67 (2), 180-182.

Singh, A.K. (2011). Mutation effects of some chemical agaents in wheat (Triticum austivum L. em Thell). Plant Mutation Reports, 2 (3), 18-23.

Singh, G., Sareen, P.K. & Saharan, R.P. (2000a). Induced chlorophyll and morphological mutations in mungbean. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 60 (3), 391-393.

Singh, G., Sareen, P.K., Saharan, R.P., et al. (2001). Induced variability in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 61 (3), 281-282.

Singh, K.B. & Ibrahim, H. (1990). Hybridization techniques in chickpea. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria.

Singh, K.B. & Singh, O. (1997). Prospects of creating higher yield potentials in chickpea. In A.N. Asthana & M. Ali. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Pulses Research (pp. 55-88). Kamput, India: Indian Society of Pulses Research and Development, IIPR.

Singh, K.B., Begiga, G. & Malhotra, R.S. (1990). Association of some characters with seed yield in chickpea collection. Euphytica, 49 (1), 83-88.

Singh, M. & Singh, V.P. (2003). Correlations and path coefficient analysis in induced mutant lines of urdbean. Indian Journal of Pulses Research, 16 (1), 59-62.

Singh, N.K., Chauhan, S.V.S. & Kinoshita, T. (1993). Effect of physical and chemical mutagens on seed germination and biomass in Brassica juncea. Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 72, 45-46.

Singh, N.P. (1988). Mutation studies with early generation selection for polygenic variability in peas (Pisum sativum L.). Ph.D. Thesis. IARI, New Delhi, India.

Singh, R.B., Singh, B.D., Singh, R.M., et al. (1978). Seedling injury, pollen fertility and morphological mutations induced by gamma rays and EMS in pearl millet. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 38, 380-389.

Singh, R.K. & Chaudhary, B. D. (1985). Biometrical Methods in Quantitative Genetic Analysis: Ludhiana, India. Kalyani Publishers.

Singh, R.K. (1996). Gamma ray induced bold seeded mutant in Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 56 (1), 104-108.

Singh, R.M. (1987). Options for breaking yield plateau in pulse crops. In M. Ali, B.B. Singh, S. Kumar & V. Dhar (Eds.), Pulses in New Perspective (pp. 45-60). Kanpur, India: Indian Institute of Pulses Research and Development.

Singh, S. (1983). Induced interchanges and mutations in lentil (Lens culinaris Med.). Ph.D. Thesis, Meerut University, Meerut, India.

Singh, S., Richharia, A.K. & Joshi, A.K. (1998). An assessment of gamma ray induced mutations in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 58 (4), 455-463.

Singh, S.P., Singh, R. P., Prasad, J.P., et al. (2006). Induced genetic variability for protein content, yield and yield components in microsperma lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Madras Agricultural Journal, 93 (7-12), 155-159.

Singh, V.P. & Chaturvedi, S.N. (1980). Mutagenic efficiency of EMS, NMU and gamma rays and their combined treatments in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. Genetics in Agriculture, 34, 331-343.

Singh, V.P. & Yadav, R.D.S. (1991). Induced mutation for qualitative and quantitative traits in green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Journal of Genetics and Breeding, 45 (1), 1-5.

Singh, V.P., Chaturvedi, S.N. & Srivastava, A. (1997). Genetic improvement in pulse crops through mutation breeding. In B.A. Siddiqui and S. Khan (Eds.), Plant Breeding Advances and in vitro Culture (pp. 25-42). New Delhi: CBS Publishers and Distributors.

Singh, V.P., Singh, M. & Pal, J. P. (1999). Mutagenic effects of gamma rays and EMS on frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll and macromutations in urdbean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 59 (2), 203-210.

Singh, V.P., Singh, M. & Pal, J. P. (2000b). Gamma rays and EMS induced genetic variability for quantitative traits in urdbean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 60 (1), 89-96.

Sinha, S.S.N. & Godward, M.B.E. (1972). Radiation studies in Lens culinaris meiosis: Abnormalities induced due to gamma radiation and its consequences. Cytologia, 37, 685-695.

Sjodin J. (1971). Induced morphological variations in Vicia faba L. Hereditas, 67, 155-180.

Smith, H.H. (1972). Comparative genetic effects of different physical mutagens in higher plants. In Induced Mutations and Plant Breeding Improvement (pp. 75-93). Vienna: IAEA.

Smith, S.E. & Murphy, R.P. (1986). Relationships between inbreeding, meiotic irregularity and fertility in alfalfa. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 28, 130-137.

Sneep, J. (1977). Selection for yield and early generation of self-fertilizing crops. Euphytica, 26, 27-30.

Solanki, I.S. & Sharma , B. (2001). Differential behaviour of polygenic characters to mutagenic treatments and selection in macrosperma lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 61 (3), 242-245.

Solanki, I.S. & Sharma, B. (1994). Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays, ethyl imine and N-nitroso-N-ethyl urea in macrosperma lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 54, 72-76.

Solanki, I.S. & Sharma, B. (1999). Induction and isolation of morphological mutations in different damage groups in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 59 (4), 479-485.

Solanki, I.S. & Sharma, B. (2002). Induced polygenic variability in different groups of mutagenic damage in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 62 (2), 135-139.

Solanki, I.S. & Waldia, R.S. (1997). Mutagenesis techniques. In R.L. Kapoor & M.L. Saini (Eds.), Plant Breeding and Crop Improvement. II. (pp. 271) New Delhi, India: CBS Publishers and Distributors.

Solanki, I.S. (2005). Isolation of macromutations and mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 65 (4), 264-268.

Solanki, I.S., Phogat, D.S. & Waldia, R. S. (2004). Frequency and spectrum of morphological mutations and effectiveness and efficiency of chemical mutagens in Macrosperma lentil. National Journal of Plant Improvement, 6 (1), 22-25.

Sparrow, A.H., Sparrow, R.C., Thompson, K.H., et al. (1965). The use of nuclear and chromosome variables in determining and predicting radiosensitivity. In Use of Induced Mutation in Plant Breeding (pp. 101-132). Rome: IAEA.

Sree Ramulu, K. (1972). A comparison of mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of NMU and NMG in sorghum. Theoritical and Appilied Genetics, 42, 101-106.

Srivastava, A. & Singh, V.P. (1993). Induced polygenic variability in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.). Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 72, 281-284.

Srivastava, L.S., Chand, H. & Kumar, S. (1973). Dose response studies on EMS and MMS treated gram. Sci. Cul., 39 (8), 345-347.

Stadler, L.J. (1928). Mutations in barley induced by X-rays and radium. Science, 68, 186-187.

Štajner, D., Popović, B.M., Taški, K. (2009). Effects of γ-irradiation on antioxidant activity in soybean seeds. Central European Journal of Biology, 4 (3), 381–386

Stoeva, N., Zlatev, Z. & Bineva, Z. (2001). Physiological response of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to gamma-radiation contamination, II. Water-exchange, respiration and peroxidase activity. Journal of Environmental Protction and Ecology, 2, 304-308.

Strauss, B. (1964). The presence of breaks in the deoxyribonucleic acid of Bacillus subtilis treated in vivo with alkylating agents. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 80, 116-126.

Suarez, E. & Bullrich, L. (1990). Meiotic spindle disturbances in a commercial bread wheat cultivar. Cytologia, 55, 79-86.

Subba Rao, K. (1988). Gamma rays induced morphological and physiological variations in Cicer arietinum L. Indian Journal of Botany, 11 (1), 29-32.

Subramanian, D. (1980). Effect of gamma irradiation in Vigna. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 40 (1), 187-194.

Suganthi, C.P. & Reddy, V.R.K. (1992). Effects of gamma rays and EMS on meiosis in some cereals. Journal of Cytology and Genetics, 27, 103-114.

Svetleva, D. L. & Crino, P. (2006). Effect of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and n-nitrose-n’-ethyl urea (ENU) on callus growth of common bean. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 6 (1), 59-64.

Swaminathan, M. S. (2010). Achieving food security in times of crises. New Biotechnology, 27 (5), 453-460.

Swaminathan, M.S. & Sharma, N.P. (1968). Alteration of the mutation spectrum in barley through treatments of different periods in ‘S’ phase of DNA synthesis. Current Science, 37, 685-686.

Swaminathan, M.S. (1969). Mutation Breeding. Proceedings of 12th International Congress of Genetics, 3, 327-347.

Swaminathan, M.S., Austin, A., Kaul, A.K. & Naik, M.S. (1969). New approaches to breeding for improved plant proteins. Proc. Panel. (pp.71). Vienna: IAEA.

Swaminathan, M.S., Chopra, V.L. & Bhaskaran, S. (1962). Chromosome aberrations and frequency and spectrum of mutations induced by EMS in barley and wheat. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 22, 192-207.

Szarejko, I. & Maluszynski, M. (1999). High frequency of mutations after mutagenic treatment of barley seeds with NaN3 and MNH with application of interincubation germination period. Mutation Breeding Newsletter, 44, 28-30.

Tabata, R., Kamiya, T., Shuji Shigenobu, et al. (2013). Identification of an EMS-induced causal mutation in a gene required for boron-mediated root development by low-coverage genome re-sequencing in Arabidopsis. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 8 (1), 18-24.

Talame, V., Bovina, R., Sanguoneti, M. C., et al. (2008). Till more, a resource for the discovery of chemically induced mutants in barley. Journal of Plant Biotechnology, 6, 477-485.

Talukdar, D. & Biswas, A.K. (2006). An induced internode mutant in grass pea. In R.K. Das, S. Chatterjee & G.C. Sadhukhan (Eds.), Perspectives in Cytology and Genetics (pp. 267-271), Kalyani, India: AICCG Publication.

Talukdar, D. (2009). Dwarf mutations in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.): origin, morphology, inheritance and linkage studies. Journal of Genetics, 88 (2), 165-175.

Tar’an, B., Warkentin, T.D., Somers, J.D., et al. (2004). Identification of quantitative trait loci for grain yield, seed protein concentration and maturity in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). Euphytica, 136, 297-306.

Tarar, J.L. & Dnyansagar, V.R. (1980). Comparison of ethyl methane sulphonate and radiation induced meiotic abnormalities in Turnera ulmifolia Linn. var. angustifolia Wild. Cytologia 45, 221-231.

Tel-Zur, N., Abbo, S. & Mizrahi, Y. (2005). Cytogenetics of semi-fertile triploid and aneuploid intergeneric vine cacti hybrids. Journal of Heredity, 96 (2), 124–131.

Thakur, H.L. & Sethi, G. S. (1993). Characterization and segregation pattern of some macromutations induced in blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 53 (2), 168-173.

Thakur, J.R. & Sethi, G.S. (1995). Comparative mutagenicity of gamma rays, ethylmethane sulphonate and sodium azide in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Crop Research, 9, 350-357.

Thakur, V. (1978). Chromosomal and nuclear transmigration during microsporogenesis in natural populations of some plant species. In V.R. Dhynassagar (Ed.), Recent Trends and Contacts Between Cytogenetics, Embryology and Morphology. New Delhi: Today and Tomarrow.

Thilagavathi, C. & Mullainathan, L. (2009). Isolation of macro mutants and mutagenic effectiveness, efficiency in blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Global Journal of Molecular Sciences, 4 (2), 76-79.

Tickoo, J.L. & Chandra, N. (1999). Mutagen induced polygenic variability in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 59 (2), 193-201.

Tickoo, J.L. & Jain, H.K. (1979). Breeding high yielding varieties of mung (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) through mutagenesis. In Proceedings of Symposium on the Role of Induced Mutations in Crop Improvement (pp. 198-204). Hyderabad, India.

Till, B.J., Afza , R., Bado, S., et al. (2009) Global TILLING Projects. In Q.Y. Shu (Ed.), Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era (pp. 237-239). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Till, B.J., Cooper, J., Tai, T.H., et al. (2007). Discovery of chemically induced mutations in rice by TILLING. BMC Plant Biology, 7, 19.

Toker, C. & Cagirgan, M.I. (2004a). Spectrum and frequency of induced mutations in chickpea. Inernational Chickpea & Pigeonpea Newsletter, 11, 8-10.

Toker, C. & Cagirgan, M.I. (2004b). The use of phenotypic correlations and factor analysis in determining characters for grain yield selection in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Hereditas, 140, 226-228.

Toker, C. (2004). Estimates of broad-sense heritability for seed yield and yield criteria in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Hereditas, 140, 222-225.

Toker, C. (2009). A note on the evolution of kabuli chickpeas as shown by induced mutations in Cicer reticulatum Ladizinsky. Genetic Resources and Crop Evololution, 56, 7–12.

Toker, C., Canci, H. & Ceylan, F.O. (2006). Estimation of outcrossing rate in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) sown in autumn. Euphytica, 151, 201-205.

Toker, C., Yadav, S. S. & Solanki, I. S. (2007). Mutation breeding. In S.S. Yadav; D. McNeil and P.C. Stevenson (Eds.), Lentil: An Ancient Crop for Modern Times (pp. 219-224). Dordrecht: Springer.

Tonukari, N.J. & Omotor, D. G. (2010). Biotechnology and food security in developing countries. Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 5 (1), 013-023.

Tripathi, A. & Dubey, D.K. (1992). Frequency and spectrum of mutations induced by separate and simultaneous applications of gamma rays, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) in two microsperma varieties of lentil. LENS, 19 (1), 3-8.

Trivedi, A.P., Dhumal, K.N. & Lawande, K.E. (2006). Estimates of heritability, genetic advance and correlation between yield and its components in Onion (Allium cepa L.). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 66 (1), 59-60.

Tyagi, B. S. & Gupta, P. K. (1991). Induced macromutations in lentil. LENS, 18 (1), 3-7.

Uchida, N., Sakamoto, T., Kurata, T., et al. (2011). Identification of EMS-induced causal mutations in a non-reference Arabidopsis thaliana accession by whole genome sequencing. Plant Cell Physiology, 52 (4), 716–722.

Usuf, K.K. & Nair, P.M. (1974). Effect of gamma irradiation on the indole acetic acid synthesizing system and its significance in sprout inhibition of potatoes. Radiation Botany, 14, 251-256.

Vadivelu, K.K. & Rathinam, M. (1980). Mutagenicity of gamma rays and EMS and their combination in bengal gram (Cicer arietinum L.). Madras Agricultural Journal, 67, 360-365.

van der Maesen, L. J. G., Maxted, N., Javadi, F., et al. (2007) Taxonomy of the genus Cicer revisited. In .S. Yadav, B. Redden, W. Chen & B. Sharma (Eds.), Chickpea Breeding and Management (pp. 14-46). Wallingford: CAB International.

van der Maesen, L.J.G. (1972). Cicer L. A monograph of the genus, with special reference to the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), its ecology and cultivation (pp. 342). Wageningen: Mededlingen landbouwhogeschool (Communication Agricultural University).

van der Maesen, L.J.G. (1987). Cicer L. Origin, history and taxonomy of chickpea. In M.C. Saxena & K.B. Singh (Eds.), The Chickpea (pp. 11-34). UK: CAB International.

van Harten, A.M. (1998). Mutation Breeding: Theory and Practical Applications. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Vandana & Dubey, D.K. (1988). Effect of ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) and diethyl sulphate (DES) in faba bean. FABIS Newsletter, 32, 18-22.

Vandana, Tripathi, A. & Dubey, D.K. (1994). Frequency and spectrum of mutations induced by ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) and diethyl sulphate (dES) in lentil var. K-85. LENS, 21 (1), 16-19.

Vaniranjan, C., Vivekanandan, P. & Ramalingam, J. (1993). Spectrum and frequency of chlorophyll and viable mutations in M2 generation of blackgram. Crop Improvement, 20 (2), 215-218.

Varshney, R.K., Song, C., Saxena, R.K., et al. (2013). Draft genome sequence of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) provides a resource for trait improvement. Nature Biotechnology, 31, 240-246 Vavilov, N.I. (1926). Studies on the origin of cultivated plants. Bulletin of Applied Botany and Plant-Breeding, 26, 1-248.

Velu, S., Mullainathan, L., Arulbalachandran, et al. (2007). Effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays and EMS on cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.). Crop Research, 34 (1-3), 249-251.

Venkatachalam, P. & Jayabalan, N. (1993). Gamma irradiation induced chlorophyll mutations in Zinnia elegans Jacq. Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 72, 179-180.

Venkatachalam, P. & Jayabalan, N. (1995). Effect of gamma rays, EMS and sodium azide on physiological and biochemical changes in groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.). Journal of Cytology and Genetics, 30, 163-168.

Venkateshwarlu, S., Singh, R.M., Singh, R.B., et al. (1978). Radiosensitivity and frequency of chlorophyll mutations in pigeonpea. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 38 (1), 90-94.

Venkateswarlu, M., Susheelamma, B.N., Kumar, P., et al. (1988). Studies on induced mutation frequency in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. don by gamma rays and EMS individually and in combination. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 48 (3), 313-316.

Verma A. K., Banerji, B. K., Chakrabarty, D., et al. (2010). Studies on Makhana (Euryale ferox Salisbury). Current Science, 99 (6), 795-800.

Verma, R.C. & Rao, A. N. (1994). Radiation induced inversions and translocations in Vicia faba. Journal of Cytology and Genetics, 29, 59-63.

Verma, R.P., Srivastava, G. K. & Kumar, G. (1999). Comparative radiocytological studies in three varieties of Lens culinaris. Journal of Cytology and Genetics, 34 (1), 49-56.

Vishnu, M. (1974). The beginnings of agriculture: Palaeobotanical evidence in India. In J.B. Hutchinson (Ed.), Evolutionary Studies in World Crops. Diversity and Changes in the Indian sub-continent. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Viswanatahan, P. & Reddy, V.R.K. (1998). Induced desirable agronomical mutants in wheat and triticale. Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 77, 67-69.

Viswanathan, P., Reddy, V.R.K. & Asir, R. (1994). Induced quantitative variability in triticale. Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 73, 217-220.

Vo Hung (1974). Description of cholorophyll mutants induced by different mutagens in pea. Kerteszeti Egyetem Kozleme, 46, 43-60.

von Braun, J., Bouis, H., Kumar, S., et al. (1992). Improving Food Security of the Poor: Concept, Policy and Programs (pp. 6-11). Washington D.C., USA: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Waghmare, V.N. & Mehra, R.B. (2000). Induced genetic variability for quantitative characters in grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.). Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 60 (1), 81-87.

Waghmare, V.N. & Mehra, R.B. (2001). Induced chlorophyll mutations, mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency in Lathyrus sativus L. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 61 (1), 53-56.

Waghmare, V.N. (2001). Induced mutations in grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.). II. Frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations. Advances in Plant Science, 14 (I), 249-253.

Wang, L.Z., Wang, L., Zhao, R.J., et al. (2003b). Combining radiation mutation techniques with biotechnology for soybean breeding. In Improvement of New and Traditional Industrial Crops by Induced Mutations and Related Biotechnology (pp. 107-115). Vienna: IAEA.

Wang, T.L., Domoney, C., Hedley, C.L., et al. (2003a). Can we improve the nutritional quality of legume seeds? Plant Physiology, 131 (3), 886-891.

Wani, M.R. & Khan, S. (2005). Studies on induced chlorophyll mutations in mungbean (Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek). Indian Journal of Applied & Pure Biology, 20 (1), 47-50.

Wani, M.R. & Khan, S. (2006). Estimates of genetic variability in mutated population and scope of selection for yield attributes in Vigna radiata (L). Wilczek. Egyptian Journal of Biology, 8, 1-6.

Wani, M.R. (2003). Studies on the effect of 2, 4-D on Lens culinaris Medik. M.Sc. Dissertation, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.

Wani M.R., Khan S., Kozgar, M.I., et al. (2011a). Induction of morphological mutants in mugbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) through chemical mutagens. The Nucleus, 48 (3), 243-247.

Wani, M.R., Khan, S. & Kozgar, M.I. (2011b). An assessment of high yielding m3 mutants of green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Romanian Journal of Biology - Plant Biology, 56 (I), 29-36.

Wani, M.R., Khan, S. & Kozgar, M.I. (2011c). Induced chlorophyll mutations. I. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of EMS, HZ and SA in mungbean. Frontier of Agriculural in China, 5 (4), 514-518.

Waxman, D. & Peck, J.R. (2003). The anomalous effects of biased mutation. Genetics, 164, 1615–1626.

White, P.J. & Broadley, M.R. (2009). Biofortification of crops with seven mineral elements often lacking in human diets – iron, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, selenium and iodine. New Phytologist, 182, 49–84.

World Bank (1986). Poverty and hunger: Issues and options for food security in developing countries. A World Bank Policy Study. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. II. Series HD9018.D44P68 (pp. 1). Washington D.C., USA: World Bank.

Wu J.-L., Wu C., Lei C., et al. (2005). Chemical- and irradiation-induced mutants of indica rice IR64 for forward and reverse genetics. Plant Molecular Biology, 59, 85–97.

Xiuzher, L. (1994). Effect of irradiation on protein content of wheat crop. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Science China, 15, 53-55.

Yadav, D.S. (1991). Pulse Crops (pp. 141-146). Ludhiana, India: Kalyani Publishers.

Yadav, V.S., Singh, D., Yadav, S.S. & Kumar, J. (2002). Correlation and path analysis in chickpea. Indian Journal of Pulses Research, 15 (1), 19-22.

Yamaguchi, H., Hase, Y., Tanaka, A., et al. (2009). Mutagenic effects of ion beam irradiation on rice. Breeding Science, 59, 169-177.

Yamaguchi, H., Morishita, T., Degi, K., Tanaka, A., et al. (2006). Effect of carbon-ion beams irradiation on mutation induction in rice. Plant Mutation Reports, 1 (1), 25-27.

Yaqoob, M. & Rashid, A. (2001). Induced mutation studies in some mungbean (Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek) cultivars. Online Journal of Biological Sciences 1 (9), 805-808.

Yen, C., Yang, J.L. & Sun, G.L. (1993). Intermeiocyte connections and cytomixis in intergeneric hybrid of Roegeneria ciliares (Trin) Nevski with Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng. Cytologia, 58, 187-193.

Zaka, R., Vandecasteele, C.M. & Misset, M.T. (2002). Effects of low chronic doses of ionizing radiation on antioxidant enzymes and G6PDH activities in Stipa capillata (Poaceae). Journal of Experimental Botany, 53, 1979-1987.

Zamani, M.J., Bihamta,Khiabani, B.N., et al. (2009). Selection of wheat mutant genotypes carrying HMW glutenin alleles related to baking quality by using PCR (STS method). In Q.Y. Shu (Ed.), Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era (pp. 336-338). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation.

Zeerak, N.A. & Zargar, G.H. (1998). Cytological studies in brinjal (Solanum melongena variety local long kashmiri). In G.K. Manna & S.C. Roy (Eds.), Perspective in cytology and genetics (pp. 369-374). Kalyani, India: AICCG Publications.

Zeerak, N.A. (1990). Induced morphological variants in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Phytomorphology, 40 (3-4), 251-256.

Zeerak, N.A. (1991). Cytogenetical effect of gamma rays and ethylmethane sulphonate in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Cytologia, 56, 639-643.

Zeerak, N.A. (1992a). Cytogenetical effects of gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme). Phytomorphology, 42 (1-2), 81-86.

Zeerak, N.A. (1992b). Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate in brinjal. Journal of Nuclear and Agricultural Biology, 21 (2), 84-87.

Zhang ,W., Liu, X., Zheng, F., et al. (2013). Induction of rice mutations by high hydrostatic pressure. Plant Physiology and Biochmeistry, 70, 182-187.

Zhang, J., Guo, D., Chang, Y., et al. (2007). Non-random distribution of T-DNA insertions at various levels of the genome hierarchy as revealed by analyzing 13 804 T-DNA flanking sequences from an enhancer-trap mutant library. The Plant Journal, 49, 947-959.

Zhang, X.H., Chen, X.Q., Wu, Z.Y., et al. (2005). A dwarf wheat mutant is associated with increased drought resistance and altered responses to gravity. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4, 1054–1057.

Zhou, Y., Shi, S., Wei, Z., et al. (2003). A procedure to minimize the linkage drag in backcross breeding of rapeseed (Brassica napus) through irradiation. In Improvement of New and Traditional Industrial Crops by Induced Mutations and Related Biotechnology, TECDOC-1369-IAEA (pp. 125-131). Vienna: IAEA.

..................Content has been hidden....................

You can't read the all page of ebook, please click here login for view all page.
Reset
3.16.51.3