1.1.1 Conventions Used in This Manual
1.2 Overview of the MySQL Database Management System
1.2.2 The Main Features of MySQL
1.2.4 How Big MySQL Tables Can Be
1.3.1 The Business Model and Services of MySQL AB
1.4 MySQL Support and Licensing
1.4.1 Support Offered by MySQL AB
1.4.2 Copyrights and Licenses Used by MySQL
1.4.4 MySQL AB Logos and Trademarks
1.5.3 MySQL 5.0: The Next Development Release
1.6 MySQL and the Future (the TODO)
1.6.1 New Features Planned for 4.1
1.6.2 New Features Planned for 5.0
1.6.3 New Features Planned for 5.1
1.6.4 New Features Planned for the Near Future
1.6.5 New Features Planned for the Mid-Term Future
1.6.6 New Features We Don't Plan to Implement
1.7.2 MySQL Community Support on IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
1.8 MySQL Standards Compliance
1.8.1 What Standards MySQL Follows
1.8.3 Running MySQL in ANSI Mode
1.8.4 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL
1.8.5 MySQL Differences from Standard SQL
1.8.6 How MySQL Deals with Constraints
1.8.7 Known Errors and Design Deficiencies in MySQL
2.1 General Installation Issues
2.1.1 Operating Systems Supported by MySQL
2.1.2 Choosing Which MySQL Distribution to Install
2.1.4 Verifying Package Integrity Using MD5 Checksums or GnuPG
2.2 Standard MySQL Installation Using a Binary Distribution
2.2.1 Installing MySQL on Windows
2.2.2 Installing MySQL on Linux
2.2.3 Installing MySQL on Mac OS X
2.2.4 Installing MySQL on NetWare
2.2.5 Installing MySQL on Other Unix-Like Systems
2.3 MySQL Installation Using a Source Distribution
2.3.1 Source Installation Overview
2.3.2 Typical configure
Options
2.3.3 Installing from the Development Source Tree
2.3.4 Dealing with Problems Compiling MySQL
2.3.6 Installing MySQL from Source on Windows
2.3.7 Compiling MySQL Clients on Windows
2.4 Post-Installation Setup and Testing
2.4.1 Windows Post-Installation Procedures
2.4.2 Unix Post-Installation Procedures
2.4.3 Starting and Stopping MySQL Automatically
2.4.4 Starting and Troubleshooting the MySQL Server
2.4.5 Securing the Initial MySQL Accounts
2.5 Upgrading/Downgrading MySQL
2.5.1 Upgrading from Version 4.1 to 5.0
2.5.2 Upgrading from Version 4.0 to 4.1
2.5.3 Upgrading from Version 3.23 to 4.0
2.5.4 Upgrading from Version 3.22 to 3.23
2.5.5 Upgrading from Version 3.21 to 3.22
2.5.6 Upgrading from Version 3.20 to 3.21
2.5.7 Upgrading MySQL Under Windows
2.5.8 Upgrading the Grant Tables
2.5.9 Copying MySQL Databases to Another Machine
2.6 Operating System–Specific Notes
2.7.2 Installing ActiveState Perl on Windows
2.7.3 Problems Using the Perl DBI/DBD
Interface
3.1 Overview of MySQL Programs
3.3 Specifying Program Options
3.3.1 Using Options on the Command Line
3.3.3 Using Environment Variables to Specify Options
3.3.4 Using Options to Set Program Variables
4.1 The MySQL Server and Server Startup Scripts
4.1.1 Overview of the Server-Side Scripts and Utilities
4.1.2 The mysqld-max
Extended MySQL Server
4.1.3 The mysqld_safe
Server Startup Script
4.1.4 The mysql.server
Server Startup Script
4.1.5 The mysqld_multi
Program for Managing Multiple MySQL Servers
4.2 Configuring the MySQL Server
4.2.1 mysqld
Command-Line Options
4.3.1 General Security Guidelines
4.3.2 Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers
4.3.3 Startup Options for mysqld
Concerning Security
4.3.4 Security Issues with LOAD DATA LOCAL
4.4 The MySQL Access Privilege System
4.4.1 What the Privilege System Does
4.4.2 How the Privilege System Works
4.4.3 Privileges Provided by MySQL
4.4.4 Connecting to the MySQL Server
4.4.5 Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification
4.4.6 Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification
4.4.7 When Privilege Changes Take Effect
4.4.8 Causes of Access denied
Errors
4.4.9 Password Hashing in MySQL 4.1
4.5 MySQL User Account Management
4.5.1 MySQL Usernames and Passwords
4.5.2 Adding New User Accounts to MySQL
4.5.3 Removing User Accounts from MySQL
4.5.4 Limiting Account Resources
4.5.5 Assigning Account Passwords
4.5.6 Keeping Your Password Secure
4.5.7 Using Secure Connections
4.6 Disaster Prevention and Recovery
4.6.2 Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery
4.6.3 Setting Up a Table Maintenance Schedule
4.6.4 Getting Information About a Table
4.7 MySQL Localization and International Usage
4.7.1 The Character Set Used for Data and Sorting
4.7.2 Setting the Error Message Language
4.7.3 Adding a New Character Set
4.7.4 The Character Definition Arrays
4.7.5 String Collating Support
4.7.6 Multi-Byte Character Support
4.7.7 Problems with Character Sets
4.9 Running Multiple MySQL Servers on the Same Machine
4.9.1 Running Multiple Servers on Windows
4.9.2 Running Multiple Servers on Unix
4.9.3 Using Client Programs in a Multiple-Server Environment
4.10.1 How the Query Cache Operates
4.10.2 Query Cache SELECT
Options
4.10.3 Query Cache Configuration
4.10.4 Query Cache Status and Maintenance
5.1 Introduction to Replication
5.2 Replication Implementation Overview
5.3 Replication Implementation Details
5.3.1 Replication Master Thread States
5.3.2 Replication Slave I/O Thread States
5.3.3 Replication Slave SQL Thread States
5.3.4 Replication Relay and Status Files
5.5 Replication Compatibility Between MySQL Versions
5.6 Upgrading a Replication Setup
5.6.1 Upgrading Replication to 4.0 or 4.1
5.6.2 Upgrading Replication to 5.0
5.7 Replication Features and Known Problems
5.8 Replication Startup Options
5.10 Troubleshooting Replication
5.11 Reporting Replication Bugs
6.1.1 MySQL Design Limitations and Tradeoffs
6.1.2 Designing Applications for Portability
6.1.3 What We Have Used MySQL For
6.1.4 The MySQL Benchmark Suite
6.1.5 Using Your Own Benchmarks
6.2 Optimizing SELECT Statements and Other Queries
6.2.1 EXPLAIN
Syntax (Get Information About a SELECT
)
6.2.2 Estimating Query Performance
6.2.4 How MySQL Optimizes WHERE
Clauses
6.2.5 How MySQL Optimizes OR
Clauses
6.2.6 How MySQL Optimizes IS NULL
6.2.7 How MySQL Optimizes DISTINCT
6.2.8 How MySQL Optimizes LEFT JOIN
and RIGHT JOIN
6.2.9 How MySQL Optimizes ORDER BY
6.2.10 How MySQL Optimizes LIMIT
6.2.11 How to Avoid Table Scans
6.2.12 Speed of INSERT
Queries
6.2.13 Speed of UPDATE
Queries
6.2.14 Speed of DELETE
Queries
6.2.15 Other Optimization Tips
6.4 Optimizing Database Structure
6.4.2 Make Your Data as Small as Possible
6.4.7 How MySQL Counts Open Tables
6.4.8 How MySQL Opens and Closes Tables
6.4.9 Drawbacks to Creating Many Tables in the Same Database
6.5 Optimizing the MySQL Server
6.5.1 System Factors and Startup Parameter Tuning
6.5.2 Tuning Server Parameters
6.5.3 How Compiling and Linking Affects the Speed of MySQL
7 MySQL Client and Utility Programs
7.1 Overview of the Client-Side Scripts and Utilities
7.2 myisampack
, the MySQL Compressed Read-Only Table Generator
7.3 mysql
, the Command-Line Tool
7.3.2 Executing SQL Statements from a Text File
7.4 mysqladmin
, Administering a MySQL Server
7.5 The mysqlbinlog
Binary Log Utility
7.6 mysqlcc
, the MySQL Control Center
7.7 The mysqlcheck
Table Maintenance and Repair Program
7.8 The mysqldump
Database Backup Program
7.9 The mysqlhotcopy
Database Backup Program
7.10 The mysqlimport
Data Import Program
7.11 mysqlshow
, Showing Databases, Tables, and Columns
7.12 perror
, Explaining Error Codes
7.13 The replace
String-Replacement Utility
8 MySQL Storage Engines and Table Types
8.1.3 MyISAM
Table Storage Formats
8.3 The MEMORY (HEAP)
Storage Engine
8.4 The BDB (BerkeleyDB)
Storage Engine
8.4.1 Operating Systems Supported by BDB
8.4.4 Characteristics of BDB
Tables
8.4.5 Things We Need to Fix for BDB
8.4.6 Restrictions on BDB
Tables
8.4.7 Errors That May Occur When Using BDB
Tables
9.2 InnoDB
Contact Information
9.6 Creating the InnoDB
Tablespace
9.6.1 Dealing with InnoDB
Initialization Problems
9.7.1 How to Use Transactions in InnoDB
with Different APIs
9.7.2 Converting MyISAM
Tables to InnoDB
9.7.3 How an AUTO_INCREMENT
Column Works in InnoDB
9.7.5 InnoDB
and MySQL Replication
9.7.6 Using Per-Table Tablespaces
9.8 Adding and Removing InnoDB
Data and Log Files
9.9 Backing Up and Recovering an InnoDB
Database
9.10 Moving an InnoDB
Database to Another Machine
9.11 InnoDB
Transaction Model and Locking
9.11.2 InnoDB
and TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL
9.11.3 Consistent Non-Locking Read
9.11.4 Locking Reads SELECT ... FOR UPDATE and SELECT ... LOCK IN SHARE MODE
9.11.5 Next-Key Locking: Avoiding the Phantom Problem
9.11.6 An Example of How the Consistent Read Works in InnoDB
9.11.7 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB
9.11.8 When Does MySQL Implicitly Commit or Roll Back a Transaction?
9.11.9 Deadlock Detection and Rollback
9.11.10 How to Cope with Deadlocks
9.12 InnoDB
Performance Tuning Tips
9.12.1 SHOW INNODB STATUS
and the InnoDB Monitors
9.13 Implementation of Multi-Versioning
9.14 Table and Index Structures
9.14.1 Physical Structure of an Index
9.14.4 Physical Record Structure
9.15 File Space Management and Disk I/O
9.15.2 Using Raw Devices for the Tablespace
9.16.2 Operating System Error Codes
9.17 Restrictions on InnoDB
Tables
9.18.1 Troubleshooting InnoDB
Data Dictionary Operations
10.5 Feature Differences Between MaxDB and MySQL
10.6 Interoperability Features Between MaxDB and MySQL
A Troubleshooting Problems with MySQL Programs
A.1 How to Determine What Is Causing a Problem
A.2 Common Errors When Using MySQL Programs
A.2.2 Can't connect to [local] MySQL server
A.2.3 Client does not support authentication protocol
A.2.4 Password Fails When Entered Interactively
A.2.5 Host 'host_name'
is blocked
A.2.8 MySQL server has gone away
A.2.10 Communication Errors and Aborted Connections
A.2.12 Can’t create/write to file
A.2.15 Table 'tbl_name' doesn't exist
A.2.16 Can't initialize character set
A.3 Installation-Related Issues
A.3.1 Problems Linking to the MySQL Client Library
A.3.2 How to Run MySQL as a Normal User
A.3.3 Problems with File Permissions
A.4 Administration-Related Issues
A.4.1 How to Reset the Root Password
A.4.2 What to Do If MySQL Keeps Crashing
A.4.3 How MySQL Handles a Full Disk
A.4.4 Where MySQL Stores Temporary Files
A.4.5 How to Protect or Change the MySQL Socket File /tmp/mysql.sock
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