Section 2
Project Scope Management
Define Project Scope Management
ANSWER
The processes required to ensure the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully.
[Planning and Monitoring and Controlling]
2 QUESTION
What is the difference between product scope and project scope?
ANSWER
Product scope is the features and functions that characterize a product, service, or result, while project scope is the work performed to deliver a product, service, or result with the specified features and functions.
[Planning and Monitoring and Controlling]
What is a work package?
ANSWER
The work defined at the lowest level of the work breakdown structure for which cost and duration can be estimated and managed.
[Planning]
4 QUESTION
What is the purpose of define scope?
ANSWER
The process of developing a detailed description of the project and product.
[Planning]
What is control scope?
ANSWER
The process of monitoring the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to the scope baseline
[Monitoring and Controlling]
6 QUESTION
How is completion of product scope and project scope measured?
ANSWER
Project scope is measured against the project management plan, while product scope is measured against the product requirements.
[Planning and Monitoring and Controlling]
How is document analysis used?
ANSWER
As a tool and technique in collect requirements to elicit requirements by analyzing existing documents and identifying information that may be relevant to the requirements
[Planning]
8 QUESTION
What is the purpose of the collect requirements process?
ANSWER
To define and document stakeholders’ needs to meet the project objectives.
[Planning]
Name any five of the 12 items that should be included in the WBS dictionary.
ANSWER
- Code of accounts identifier
- Description of work
- Assumptions and constraints
- Responsible organization
- Schedule milestones
- Associated schedule activities
- Resources required
- Cost estimates
- Quality requirements
- Acceptance criteria
- Technical requirements
- Agreement information
[Planning]
10 QUESTION
Name any five of the 11 tools and techniques in Collect Requirements
ANSWER
- Interviews
- Focus groups
- Facilitated workshops
- Group creativity techniques
- Group decision-making techniques
- Questionnaires and surveys
- Observations
- Prototypes
- Benchmarking
- Context diagrams
- Document analysis
[Planning]
What is the purpose of the WBS?
ANSWER
To show the total scope of work through a hierarchical decomposition to be done by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables
[Planning]
12 QUESTION
Define the create WBS process.
ANSWER
Subdividing major project deliverables and project work into smaller, more manageable components.
[Planning]
What are the three items that comprise the scope baseline?
ANSWER
- Project scope statement
- WBS
- WBS dictionary
[Planning]
14 QUESTION
When are user stories widely used?
ANSWER
With agile methods as a way to collect requirements
[Planning]
What are the five inputs to the create WBS process?
ANSWER
- Scope management plan
- Project scope statement
- Requirements documentation
- Enterprise environmental factors
- Organizational process assets
[Planning]
16 QUESTION
What is the key benefit to the define scope process?
ANSWER
It defines the product, service, or result boundaries by defining which of the requirements will be included in or excluded from the project’s scope.
[Planning]
How is the stakeholder register used in collect requirements?
ANSWER
As an input to identify stakeholders that can provide information on detailed project and product requirements.
[Planning]
18 QUESTION
What is the difference between programs and projects?
ANSWER
A program is a group of related projects, subprograms, and program activities managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits not available from managing them individually. A project is a single element of work.
[Planning]
Describe two examples of facilitated workshops.
ANSWER
- Joint application development or design (JAD) sessions: A collaboration technique first used in the software development industry to help users and the development team better, and more quickly, identify requirements.
- Quality Function Development (QFD): A quality technique often employed to identify critical characteristics for a new product.
[Planning]
20 QUESTION
How is the requirements traceability matrix used in validate scope?
ANSWER
As an input to link requirements to their origin and track them through the project life cycle to ensure they are included in the end product or service.
[Monitoring and Controlling]
List the two tools and techniques for validate scope.
ANSWER
- Inspection
- Group decision-making techniques
[Monitoring and Controlling]
22 QUESTION
What are two purposes of the project scope statement?
ANSWER
- Describe the project’s deliverables and the work required to complete them
- Provide a common understanding of the project scope across all stakeholder groups
[Planning]
When should the WBS dictionary be updated?
ANSWER
When approved change requests have an effect on the project scope.
[Monitoring and Controlling]
24 QUESTION
What are five group creativity techniques?
ANSWER
- Brainstorming
- Nominal group technique
- Idea/mind mapping
- Affinity diagram
- Multi-criteria decision analysis
[Planning]
Where should any funding limitation be described?
ANSWER
In the project scope statement.
[Planning]
26 QUESTION
What is the purpose of the requirements management plan?
ANSWER
To document and describe how all requirements will be analyzed, recorded, and managed throughout the project.
[Planning]
Why is the process of preparing a WBS so important?
ANSWER
To provide a structured vision of what has to be delivered
[Planning]
28 QUESTION
Describe three forms in which the WBS structure can be created.
ANSWER
- Using phases of the project life cycle at the second level with product and project deliverables at the third level
- Using major deliverables at the second level
- Incorporating subcomponents which may be developed by organizations outside of the project team; seller develops the supporting contact WBS as part of the contracted work
[Planning]
What are the five activities involved in decomposition?
ANSWER
- Identify and analyze the deliverables and related work
- Structure and organize the WBS
- Decompose upper WBS levels into lower-level components
- Develop and assign identification codes to WBS components
- Verify that the degree of decomposition of work is necessary and sufficient
[Planning]
30 QUESTION
What are three organizational process assets that can influence the create WBS process?
ANSWER
- Policies, procedures, and WBS templates
- Project files from previous projects
- Lessons learned
[Planning]
What is meant by progressive elaboration?
ANSWER
Continuously improving and providing more detail to a plan as more information becomes available during project execution. The process produces a more accurate and complete plan as a result of such successive iterations.
[Planning]
32 QUESTION
How are focus groups used in collect requirements?
ANSWER
To bring together prequalified stakeholders and subject matter experts to gain greater insight about their expectations and attitudes about the project’s product, service, or end result.
[Planning]
What is the purpose of the WBS dictionary?
ANSWER
To provide detailed deliverable, activity, and scheduling information about each component in the WBS
[Planning]
34 QUESTION
What are five components of the requirements management plan?
ANSWER
- How requirements will be planned, tracked, and reported
- Configuration management activities for requirements
- Requirements prioritization process
- Product metrics and the rationale for using them
- Traceability structure
[Planning]
What is the purpose of project exclusions? Where are they documented?
ANSWER
To identify what is explicitly outside the project’s scope.
In the project scope statement.
[Planning]
36 QUESTION
What are six items included in the project scope statement?
ANSWER
- Product scope description
- Acceptance criteria
- Deliverables
- Project exclusions
- Constraints
- Assumptions
[Planning]
What is the purpose of alternative generation in scope definition?
ANSWER
To develop as many options as possible in order to identify different approaches to execute and perform the project work
[Planning]
38 QUESTION
How are group decision-making techniques used in validate scope?
ANSWER
As a tool and technique to reach a conclusion when the validation is performed by the project team and other stakeholders
[Monitoring and Controlling]
Define the validate scope process.
ANSWER
The process of formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables
[Monitoring and Controlling]
40 QUESTION
What are six examples of product analysis and where is it used?
ANSWER
- Product breakdown
- Systems analysis
- Requirements analysis
- Systems engineering
- Value engineering
- Value analysis
As a tool and technique in define scope.
[Planning]
What are four methods that can be used to reach a group decision, and where are they used?
ANSWER
- Unanimity
- Majority
- Plurality
- Dictatorship
- As a tool and technique in collect requirements
[Planning]
42 QUESTION
What is the difference between validate scope and control quality?
ANSWER
Validate scope is primarily concerned with acceptance of the deliverables; control quality is primarily concerned with the correctness of the deliverables and meeting the quality requirements of the deliverables.
[Monitoring and Controlling]
Why are observations helpful in the collect requirements process?
ANSWER
To view individuals in their actual work environment to see how they perform their jobs or tasks or otherwise execute processes. Observation is especially helpful if the people that use the product have difficulty or are reluctant to articulate their requirements.
[Planning]
44 QUESTION
What is an example of a scope model, and where is it used?
ANSWER
The context diagram to visually depict the product scope by showing a business system and how people and other system (actors) interact with it.
Used as a tool and technique in collect requirements
[Planning]
What is meant by accepted deliverables?
ANSWER
The acceptance criteria are formally signed off and approved by the customer or sponsor.
[Monitoring and Controlling]
46 QUESTION
What are four terms that may be used for inspections?
ANSWER
- Reviews
- Product reviews
- Audits
- Walk-throughs
[Monitoring and Controlling]
How is work performance data used as an input to control scope?
ANSWER
To show the number of change requests received; the number of requests accepted; or the number of deliverables completed
[Monitoring and Controlling]
48 QUESTION
Why is variance analysis an important tool and technique to control scope?
ANSWER
To determine the cause and degree of difference between the baseline and actual performance
[Monitoring and Controlling]
What is the key benefit of validate scope?
ANSWER
To bring objectivity to the acceptance process and increase the chance of final product, service, or result acceptance by validating each deliverable
[Monitoring and Controlling]
50 QUESTION
What two project documents may be updated as an output of control scope?
ANSWER
- Requirements documentation
- Requirements traceability matrix
[Monitoring and Controlling]
What are three examples of project constraints? Where are they documented?
ANSWER
- Predefined budget
- Imposed dates or scheduled milestones mandated by the customer or performing organization
- Contractual provisions (if the project is performed under contract) in the project scope statement.
[Planning]
52 QUESTION
What is the definition of uncontrolled changes?
ANSWER
Uncontrolled expansion to product or project scope without adjustments to time, cost, and resources
[Monitoring and Controlling]
What is another term for observations, and how is it done?
ANSWER
Job shadowing—usually done by an observer watching the user performing his or her job.
[Planning]
54 QUESTION
What are prototypes and how do they support progressive elaboration?
ANSWER
Prototypes are working models of the end product.
Through interactive experimentation and feedback generation, the model is revised into the final product.
[Planning]
How many levels are needed in a WBS? Can the level of detail vary?
ANSWER
The number of WBS levels depends on the size and complexity of the project and the detail required to plan and manage it.
The level of detail may vary as the project evolves.
[Planning]
56 QUESTION
What is the key benefit of the plan scope management process?
ANSWER
It provides guidance and direction on how scope will be managed throughout the process.
[Planning]
How should WBS components be defined?
ANSWER
An entry in the work breakdown structure that can be at any level
[Planning]
58 QUESTION
What are seven examples of nonfunctional requirements?
ANSWER
- Reliability
- Security
- Performance
- Level of service
- Safety
- Supportability
- Retention/purge
[Planning]
What are the four outputs from the validate scope process?
ANSWER
- Accepted deliverables
- Change requests
- Work performance information
- Project document updates
[Monitoring and Controlling]
60 QUESTION
What is the Delphi Technique?
ANSWER
An information gathering technique used to reach a consensus of experts on a subject; experts participate anonymously as a facilitator uses a questionnaire to solicit ideas.
Responses are only available to the facilitator, and consensus may be reached after several rounds in the process.
It helps to reduce bias in the data collected and keeps one person from dominating the process.
[Planning]