Harold Timmis

Practical Arduino Engineering

End to End Development with the Arduino, Fusion 360, 3D Printing, and Eagle

2nd ed.
Harold Timmis
Jacksonville, FL, USA
ISBN 978-1-4842-6851-3e-ISBN 978-1-4842-6852-0
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6852-0
© Harold Timmis 2021
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Apress imprint is published by the registered company APress Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.

The registered company address is: 1 New York Plaza, New York, NY 10004, U.S.A.

To my friend AJ. I love you and miss you. May you rest in peace.

Preface
Hello reader! Welcome to the wonderful world of engineering. First off, this book is divided into two main sections: the first section will teach you about the various bits of software and hardware that we will be using in this book. The topics in this section include

  • The Engineering Process

  • An Arduino Software Review

  • 3D Modeling with Autodesk Fusion 360

  • PCB Design with Autodesk Eagle

  • First Section Final Project

Once those are completed, we move to the final project where you will be given a requirements document that you will need to interpret and understand to make the final project all while using the skills you obtained in the previous section of this book. The topics in this section are

  • Final Project PCB

  • Final Project 3D Model

  • Final Project Software

  • Final Project Putting It All Together

Once completed, you will have a unique robot that you can modify and elaborate on for future projects. So without further ado, let’s get started with the engineering process.

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank my beautiful wife Alexandria for being very patient with me while I wrote this book. I also want to thank my daughter Natalie for inspiring me every day. As always, I want to thank my mom (Bonnie), dad (George), sister (Amanda), and brother (George) for always believing in me.

I want to thank the Apress team for helping me complete this book. It was rough with COVID, but we finally finished the book! I want to personally thank Natalie Pao and Jessica Vakili. They helped me navigate through this process again effectively and efficiently. Also, I want to thank my Technical Editor Sai Yamanoor. His thoughts were insightful and made this book much better.

I want to thank the Arduino Team for developing a truly revolutionary product. I want to thank SparkFun, Pololu, PCBWay, Autodesk, Simplify3D, National Instruments, and Adafruit. You all make making so much more enjoyable and attainable.

Table of Contents
Chapter 1:​ The Process of Arduino Engineering 1
Gathering Your Hardware 2
Gathering Your Tools 10
Understanding the Engineering Process 17
Requirements Gathering 18
Creating the Requirements Document 18
Gathering the Hardware 19
Configuring the Hardware 20
Writing the Software 22
Debugging the Arduino Software 23
Troubleshooting the Hardware 24
Finished Prototype 25
Summary 25
Chapter 2:​ Understanding the Arduino Software 27
Getting Started with setup( ) and loop( ) 28
Initializing Variables 29
Writing Conditional Statements 31
Timers vs.​ Delays 33
Finite-State Machine 38
Working with Loops 42
Communicating Digitally 45
Communicating with Analog Components 46
Serial Communication 46
SerialEvent 50
Using Arduino Libraries 51
TinyGPS++ 51
Putting Together the Arduino Language Basics 52
Summary 55
Chapter 3:​ Modeling with Fusion 360 57
Installing and Setting Up Fusion 360 58
Download Fusion 360 58
Installation Procedures for Fusion 360 63
Getting to Know Fusion 360 64
Fusion 360’s User Interface 65
Fusion 360 Sketch Tools 72
Fusion 360 3D Tools 78
Fusion 360 Tools 85
Importing Files 86
Your First 3D Model in Fusion 360 96
Creating a Sketch 97
Using the Extrude Function 103
Parametric Modeling in Fusion 360 106
Summary 126
Chapter 4:​ 3D Printing 129
What Is 3D Printing 129
Types of 3D Printers 130
Tools of the Trade 133
Parts of a 3D Printer 138
What Is a Slicer 145
Different Slicing Programs 145
Simplify3D 146
The Main Screen 146
Common Settings 149
Troubleshooting 163
Over/​Under Extrusion 163
Ghosting 168
Parts Do Not Stay on Build Plate 169
Our First Print 169
Summary 182
Exercise 182
Chapter 5:​ PCB Design 183
What Is a PCB 183
PCB Design Software 184
Eagle 185
Eagle’s Main Windows 185
Loading a Library 189
Creating a Schematic 196
Laying Out a PCB 229
Exporting Gerber Files 256
PCB Manufacturers 261
Summary 263
Chapter 6:​ Robot Engineering Requirements:​ Controlling Motion 265
Hardware Explained:​ The H-Bridge 265
Chapter Project:​ Creating the First Prototype 275
Controlling Motors with Serial Commands 275
Requirements Gathering 275
Outlining the Software Requirements 277
Creating an H-Bridge PCB 279
Designing a Robot Chassis 319
Assembly 350
Summary 381
Exercise 382
Chapter 7:​ Final Project PCB 383
Creating Schematic Sheets 383
Final Project:​ NatBot 385
Requirements Gathering (PCB) 385
Outlining the Hardware Requirements 386
Creating the NatBot PCB 389
Hardware Explained:​ The NatBot PCB 399
PCB Bill of Materials (BOM) 428
Summary 430
Chapter 8:​ Final Project 3D Model 431
Final Project:​ NatBot 431
Requirements Gathering (3D Model) 432
Outlining the 3D Model Requirements 433
Fusion 360 Functions Explained 435
Features of the NatBot 3D Model Explained 451
3D Printing the NatBot 467
Fit Check and Assembly 469
Summary 488
Chapter 9:​ Final Project Software 489
Final Project:​ NatBot 489
Requirements Gathering (Firmware) 490
Outlining the Software Requirements 491
Reviewing the Arduino Libraries for the NatBot 492
Writing the NatBot Firmware 495
Uploading and Testing the NatBot Firmware 516
Summary 517
Chapter 10:​ Final Project Putting It All Together 519
Introduction to the LabVIEW Environment 519
The Front Panel 520
The Controls Palette 521
The Block Diagram 522
The Functions Palette 523
The Tools Palette 524
LabVIEW Functions Explained 525
The While Loop 526
The Case Structure 526
The Sequence Structure 527
Numerical Functions 528
String Functions 529
Comparison Functions 531
Serial Functions 532
Input Device Control Functions 533
Gathering Requirements and Creating the Requirements Document 535
Software 535
Writing the Software 536
Getting Started 536
Designing the GUI 538
Programming the Application 539
Adding Serial Functions 543
Completing the While Loop Condition 548
Adding a Merge Errors Function 548
Adding a SubVI 550
Error Handling 551
Read Function 552
Uploading the Code to the Arduino 558
Operation 569
Summary 572
Index 573
About the Author
Harold Timmis
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, since he was a small child, has fostered a curiosity for technology, taking apart everything in his parents’ house just to see how it all worked. This fueled his thirst for knowledge of computer science, programming, and its uses. He has worked with LabVIEW and Arduino for the past 13 years. During that time, he has been involved in several professional projects using LabVIEW, as well as many hobbyist projects utilizing both Arduino and LabVIEW. Harold attended the Florida Institute of Technology, where he studied computer engineering and was introduced to LabVIEW and Arduino. Later, he worked at the Harris Corporation and General Electric, where he created several LabVIEW projects for trains and became very interested in the Arduino, data acquisition, and control theory.

 
About the Technical Reviewer
Sai Yamanoor

is an embedded systems engineer working for an industrial gases company in Buffalo, NY. His interests, deeply rooted in DIY and Open Source Hardware, include developing gadgets that aid behavior modification. He has published two books with his brother, and in his spare time, he likes to contribute to build things that improve quality of life. You can find his project portfolio at http://saiyamanoor.com .

 
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