Timeline
Key points of publishing
(With emphasis on editions and historical figures referred in the book)1
From the Mid-15th Century, Renaissance
c. 1453, Mainz, Invention of printing by Gutenberg, printing of the Gutenberg Bible, the first printed book.
Last decades of the century: development of the typology of the book.
c. 1460–1510, development of the title page.2
The hand press3 was used till the end of the 18th century.
1486, Bernhard von Breydenbach, Peregrinatio in Terram Sanctam.
1493, Schedel, H., Liber Chronicarum, Anton Koberger, Nuremberg. Famous edition, known as the “Nuremberg chronicle”, combining text and image, lavishly illustrated with woodblocks by M. Wolgemut and W. Pleynderwurff.
Aldus Manutius (1449–1515), publishing activity in Renaissance Venice: Introduction and establishment of libelli (libri) portatiles (portable books, pocket-sized books), and of italics. Collaboration with scholars. Aldus Manutius created not only a typographic culture but an everyday culture as well.
Last decade, Florence, publishing activity of the Greek scholar Janus Lascaris and Italian printer Lorenzo de Alopa.
16th Century, Renaissance-Manierism
Venice as a typographic capital.
Illustration and decoration of the printed book developed.
1543, N. Copernicus, De revolutionibus orbium caelestium libri sex, Nurember, Ioannis Petrius (beginning of Scientific Revolution).
1545, Conrad Gesner, Bibliotheca Universalis, Christopher Froschauer, Zurich (first bibliography—reference work).
1550, Florence (Torrentino), first edition of the Vite by Giorgio Vasari.
1568, Florence (Giunti), second edition of the Vite by Giorgio Vasari.
In the first half of the century, Pietro Aretino published his works in collaboration with the publisher Francesco Marcolini, Venice.
Christoph Plantin, Antwerp, systemization of the publishing process, production of polyglot Bible in eight folio volumes, 1568–1572.
17th Century, Baroque
1641, Torquato Accetto, Della dissimulazione onesta, nella stampa di Egizio Longo, Naples.
From 1650, emergence and development of subscriptions, preorders in Britain.
Elzevirs, Netherlands: innovative publishing activity.
1684, Moxon Joseph, Mechanick Exercises on the whole art of Printing, London.
18th Century, Enlightenment
Reading Revolution, Literacy in the Western world.
From 1751, publication of Encyclopedie.
The subscription publishing model flourishes.
19th Century, Industrial Revolution
Systemization in book production and distribution.
New printing techniques (the machine press period). Mechanization of printing (Stanhope press from 1800).
Paper, new techniques for producing it.
New audiences, dynamic reading groups: women, children, working class.
Thriving of novels.
Best sellers (in Victorian Britain), such as the work by Dickens.
Serialization.
Creation of publishing series.
Illustration changed: new techniques.
L. Hachette, second half of the century, bookstores at railway stations in France.
Emergence of the publisher as known nowadays.4
Role of the press (newspapers, magazines) in promoting the books.
“Free to all, open to all” public libraries.
Reading societies, reading rooms.
Second half of the century: The emergence of the literary agent in the UK.
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