Index
Note: page numbers in italic refer to illustrations; page numbers followed by n refer to notes.
ABG (Anak Baru Gede) 82
ADF (Asian Dub Foundation) 114, 120
Adorno, T. 1, 4, 91, 92; on music 104, 105–6, 107
advertising, India 66, 70–1, 74n
Ahmad, A. 65
Ai'ai 176
Alfee, Japanese group 127, 130–2, 131; ‘Love Never Dies’ video 132–6; production analysis 136–7
alternative rock 35
American Armed Forces Network (AFNT) Taiwan 52, 59n
American Chamber of Commerce, Taiwan 52, 56
Amuro, Namie 154
Ancok, Djamaludin 84
Anjarwati, Neneng 78
Asia: economic ‘return to’ 160; financial crisis (1997) 17; ideological formation of 3–4; influence on Western pop music 114–15, 187–8; racial hierarchy 160, 172n; styles of capitalism 6; ubiquity of popular music xii
Asia Records (Yazhou Changpian) 177
‘Asian turn’, of Western pop stars 112
Assam 108n
Attali, J. 1
Audio & Video World, Chinese magazine 37–9; ‘educational’ articles 40–1
Australia, and Aboriginal problem 119–20
authenticity 26–7, 35, 112; of originals of Japanese songs 148–9; search for 36
Baak Doi record company 145
Baker, C. 29
Bakery Records 23
Bali 12–13, 183–97; cultural ethnicity 183; Gong Kebyar 184, 189–90; Indonesianism 191–3; interculturality 186–8, 195–7; musical instrument manufacture 189; sociological change 190–1; STSI (Indonesian College of Arts) 185, 190, 192, 195; tourism 190–1, 193; tradition and innovation 185–6, 190–1, 192, see also gamelan; Indonesia
Bali Arts Festival 195
Bali Corpse-Grinders 194
‘Bande Mataram’, Indian nationalist song 67, 68
Bandung, Indonesia 79
Bandung Underground II concert 81
banjar (Balinese social unit) 194, 197n
Barmé, G. 175
Barong (Balinese dance) 188
Barth, F. 188
Beatles: banned in Indonesia 76; concert in Hong Kong 145
Beijing: Komuro concert 154–5; rock scene 33–4, 36–7; students' musical tastes 41–3
Bengal 10, 89–108; Hindu fundamentalism 100–1; jban-mukh gn movement 103–4; Left Front government 92, 96, 106; origins of modern song 89–91; revolutionary songs 92–3, see also Chatterjee, Suman
Berland, J. 128
Beyond Taichi 148
Bharat Bala Productions 67
bilingualism, ICRT Taiwan 52, 55–6, 57
Billboard Records 86
Birmingham School, subcultural studies 33, 34, 35
Biws, Debabrata 90
Biws, Hemga 90
Boomerang, Surubaya band 80
Born, G. 1
Bosco, J. 175
Bourdieu, P. 174
Bowie, David 112
Brake, M. 33
Brazzaville, Congo 180
Britten, Benjamin 187
Budōkan, concert series (Japan) 137–8
Calcutta 89; Hindu fundamentalist procession (1993) 100–1; ‘Operation Sunshine’ 106–7; popular songs 90
Calcutta Youth Choir 92
campuran (traditional Bali music form) 184, 191
Canto-pop xiv, xv, 20, 47n; in Hong Kong 146, 147, 149
Cantonese, pop songs in 144–5, 152
Cantonese opera 145
Castells, M. 4
CCK Foundation, Taiwan 60n
censorship: Indonesia 80, 85, 86; Taiwan 58–9
Chage and Aska 131
Chambers, I. 36
Chatterjee, P. 70
Chatterjee, Suman 89, 93–108; and commercial control 104–5, 107–8; and gana-sangt tradition 93–5; and Kanoria Jute Mill dispute 96–100; press opinion of 93, 97–8, 100, 102–3; as social critic 95–6, 100, 101–2
Chavan, Y.B. xii
Chen Fenlan 177
Chiang Ching-Kuo, President of Taiwan 52, 55, 174
China xiv–xv, 32–44; Beijing punk scene 36; influence of Taiwanese pop in 175–6; modernity 44; pop music magazines 37–9, 40–1; popular music in Shanghai 144–5; social distinctions and pop music 41–3; Western view of rock music in 33–6, 37, see also Beijing; Hong Kong
Chinese language: Cantonese 144–5, 152; Mandarin 173, 175; in Taiwan 55
Ching, L. 3, 4, 5, 6, 160, 180
Chiu Tsang Hei 155
ChM Yonpiru 162
Choudhury, Salil (Caudhur) 90, 92, 95
Chow, R., Writing Diaspora 36–7
Chow, Thomas 150
Christian symbolism: in Alfee video 136–7; in Japan 11, 127, 135, 141–2
Christianity: nostalgic 139–41; as romantic 140–1
Christmas, in Japan 137–8, 143n
Chun 176
City Magazine 147
Clear Tones Orchestra 169
colonialism 11, 65; Bali 189; and cultural influence 180–1; Japanese 160, 174; nostalgia for 113–14, 115–16, 123
Columbia Records, Taiwan 176
commercialisation 8, 114–15; of Bengali modern song 91
Communist Party of India, in Bengal 90
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) 92, 96, 99–100
concerts: Bandung Underground II 81; Budōkan series Japan) 137–8; Gong 2000 (Indonesia) 80; Indonesia 82–5; Japan-Korea Big Star (Tottori) 159, 162, 170–1; Komuro's 153–6; Lebak Bulus stadium (1993) 83–4
Congo, French colonial influence in 180
Connor, S. 48n
consumer revolution, India 66–7, 69, 73
corporate structures 8
cover bands, Indonesia xiii–xiv
cover versions, of Japanese songs (Hong Kong) 147, 150, 152
Crapanzano, V. 125n
cross-cultural analysis, Japan 128–30
Crya, Riknta 104
cultural adaptation 183
cultural appropriations 115, 122, 124
cultural construction: and difference 25, 26, 48n; and pop music 42–3; role of mass media 32, 44
cultural homogenisation 6–7, 49–50; Bali 191–2; Indonesia 192–3; Taiwan 181
cultural mixing (hybridity) 121–2; in Taiwan 175–6
culture: black 67; as survival strategy 64–5; virtual 1, see also national cultures
Current Scene, Chinese pop magazine 38
dangdut (Indonesian music) 76–9; New Order use of 84, 85, 87; regional variants 78; successful export 79
de Zoete, B. 188
Debussy, Claude 187
decentring 50
Deng Yujian 176
Dewan, Anita 96
Diamond, J. 187
difference 25, 26, 48n; rock as cultural practice of 25, 26
disco music, Bali 193
Djody, Setiawan 83
drugs, Thailand 31
Du Wenjing 178
Dyer, Richard 159
Elpamas 86
emotion, use of tears (Kim Yonja) 167–8
Endō, Shuusaku 140
enka (Japanese popular ballad) 12, 139, 161–2; foreign female singers of 162, 165; generational divide 164–5; in Taiwan 177, 178, 179, see also Kim Yonja
Everly Brothers 76
Fals, Iwan i, 84; and Swami 82–3
Fiske, J. 142
Folk Crusaders 131
folk music: Japan 131; Thailand 27, 28, 31n
For Life Records 132
Four Steps 145
France, cultural influence in Congo 180
Free Satpal Ram Campaign 119, 120
Friedman, J. 180
furusato, nostalgia for (hometown) 139, 166
Ga Kway, Wong 148
gamelan: Bali 184; influence on Western composers 187; institutionalisation of 191–2; mixed with pop music 195–6, see also Gong Kebyar
gana-sangt (Bengali mass music) 90, 91–2, 93; Chatterjee and 93–4
Gangpai (Mandarin-language pop) 173
Gangtai (Hong Kong links with Taiwan) 175
Germany 79
Giddens, A. 65
GIO (Government Information Office) Taiwan 53, 59n
globalisation 3, 9–10, 63, 75; of consumption 70, 71–2, 73; and cultural homogenisation 6–7, 75; and cultural identity 49–50; role of media 63
globe (band) 154
GMR radio station 79
Gold, T. 175
Golkar, Indonesian political organisation 77, 84–5
Gong Kebyar (form of gamelan) 184, 189–90, 192; skill required for 190–1
goyang pinggul (stylised gyrations) 78
Grammy Records, Thailand 21–3, 29, 31n; publishing wing 22
Grass Hopper 148
Groove Museum concert 154, 155
Grossberg, L. 19; on rock music 24–7, 36; We Gotta Get out of this Place 24
guitars, Japanese designs 128, 129, 134
hangul (Korean syllabary) 159, 165
Hawaii, media contacts with Taiwan 53
Hebdige, D. 33; Subculture: The Meaning of Style 35
Hendro Priyono, Brigadier-General 84
Hindutva ideologies 125n
HMV, and Suman Chatterjee 101–2, 104
Hong Kong 11–12, 39, 144–56; Canto-pop 146, 147, 149; Chinese popular music 145–6; conservative tastes 156; consumer market base 149, 150; expectations of Japanese singers 153; image of Japanese singers and songs 151–3, 155–6; Japanese popular culture in 147–8; Japanese popular music 144, 146–50, 155–6; Komuro (TK) concert 153–6; lack of local resources 147, 150; locally made music (1970s) 146; music industry in 149, 150–1; music journalism 152–3, 156, see also China
Hong Kong EMI 145
Horne, H. 35
Hough, B. 192
house music, Bali 194
Huang Yiling 174, 177, 179, 181
Hui, Michel 146
Hui, Samuel 146
ICRT (International Community Radio Taipei) 51–8; commercialisation of 56–7; music programming 53–6; news coverage 54; relations with state 52–3, 54, 56–7, 59n; structural reorganisation 57–8; Today's Woman 56; Youth Nightline programme 55–6
imaginary constructions 3, 4, 5, 73n
India xiii, 10, 63–73; exoticised by Crispian Mills 11, 112–13, 115–16; independence anniversary (1997) 66, 67; and national identity 70–1; nationalism 67–9; as political construct 72–3; and postcolonialism 65; socio-economic classification 66
Indian music: classical 91; film 76, 78, 93
Indian Peoples' Theatre Association (IPTA) 90
indie record labels 79
indie rock 35
indigenisation, Taiwan 49, 51–8
individualism 35
Indonesia 10, 75–87; ban on Western music 76, 192; cover bands xiii–xiv; dangdut music 76–9; Indian film music influences 76, 78; multinational music industry in 75–6; music schools 187; ‘New Order’ 75, 81–2, 85, 87n, 192; underground music 79–82; use of Balinese performance culture 192–3; Western influences 191, see also Bali
industrialisation, Thailand 29
Inoue, Yōsui 132
intellectual property 1
interculturality, Bali 183, 186–8
International Hit Radio, Taiwan 55
Irama, Rhoma 76–7, 78, 83, 84–5
Itsuki, Hiroshi 159
Iwabuchi, Koichi, Recentring Globalization 7, 160
Iyer, Pico xii
J-pop 20
Jabo, Sawung 83
Jagger, Mick 82
Jakarta Post, on Metallica concert 84
Jameson, F. 107
Japan 79, 127–41, 159–71; Christian symbolism in 11, 127, 135; Christian universities 127, 130–1, 139–40, 141; foreign female singers 12, 162, 169–71; generational divide 164–5; history of Christianity in 140–1, 143n; Koreans (zainichi) resident in 161, 169–70; minority populations 161; music videos 127–42; nostalgic Christianity 139–41; relations with Korea 160; religion in 137; Shinto and Christian weddings 138; Taiwanese students in 177; trade with Asian countries 160, see also Alfee; enka
Japanese language 159; Kim Yonja's mistakes in 163–4; phonetic syllabaries 170, 172n
Japanese popular music in Hong Kong 144, 146–50, 155–6; cover versions 147, 150; image of 151–3; originals 147, 148–9
Jasad (Corpse), Indonesia 81
Jiang Jingguo see Chiang Ching-Kuo
jiuge (Taiwanese bar songs) 178
Jones, A., Like a Knife 33, 34, 36, 44, 45n
Junior, Indonesian band 86
Kahara, Tomomi 154
Kanoria Jute Mill agitation (1993–4) 96–100
Kanoria Jute Workers' Revolutionary Union 97–8
Kantata Takwa, super-group 83
karaoke: China xiv–xv; Japan 162
Karaoke Fan 160
katakana (syllabary for words foreign in Japan) 170, 172n
Ke Ruiming 177
Ke Yonghui 178
Kim Yonja 159–60, 171–2n; as ambassadress for Korea 165–6; fan club 169; Koreanness of 163–4, 165, 169, 170; range of song genres 168–9; at Tottori concert 159, 170–1; use of tears and emotion 167–8; and zainichi Koreans in Japan 169–70
KMT (Nationalist Party of Taiwan) 173
Koeswoyo brothers, Indonesia 76
Koga Masao 162
Koka Studio 195
Komuro, Testuya (TK) 144, 154; concert in Hong Kong 153–6
Korea: Japanese imperialism in 160; Japanese songs in 166; Kim Yonja's concert (1999) 166
Korea, North, concert (2001) 167
Korean language 159; Chinese ideographs 170, 172n
Korean singers, in Japan 159–71
kotekan (Balinese playing style) 195, 197n
Kula Shaker band 11, 111, 114, 115–16; album cover 125n; dialogic discussions of 116–23, see also Mills, Crispian
Kurnia, Detty 79
Kye Unsook 162
Lee, G. 33
Li Denghui, President of Taiwan 59n, 182n
Lien Chan, premier of Taiwan 56–7
liuxing yinyue (Chinese pop music) 40, 46–7n
Loso, Thai band 31n
Lotus 145
‘Love Never Dies’ (Alfee), song and video 132–6, 133
luk krung (Thai urban folk music) 27, 28, 31n
luk thung (Thai folk music) 27, 28, 31n
Maa Tujhe Salaam, Indian TV music video 65–6, 67, 68–9, 71–2
McGrew, A. 63
McIntyre, Thongchai (Bird) 21
McPhee, Colin 188
Maki, Mike 131
Malaysia, popularity of dangdut 79
Maoist, as cultural critic 36–7
‘Maria’ (Virgin Mary) guitar 128, 134, 135
martyrdom 140
Marudut Sitompul, Samuel 79
Master Band, Indonesia xiii–xiv
Mathinee Kingpayom (Ked) 19
Matsutō ya, Yumi 132
Mead, Margaret 188
media, role in cultural construction 32, 44, 48n
Meiji Gakuin University 127, 130–1, 139–40, 141
Metallica, concert in Indonesia 84
middle class: India 66–7, 69, 70; Thailand 28, 29
Miller, D. 135
Mills, Crispian 111, 126n; Orientalism of 115–16; pronouncements on India 112–13
Mills, Hayley 112
Mills, Sir John 112
Misora, Hibari 168
Mitra, Sucitr 90
Miyako, Harumi 164
Miyoshi, Masao 72
Modern Dog 23
modernity: fantasy of 11; in Japan 127, 137, 141–2; non-Western 44, 135–6, 142n; Western 70
Moerdiono, Indonesian State Secretary 77, 78
Moriyama Ryōko 131
MTV: Indonesia 192; Taiwan 59; videos 8, 115, 130; and virtual culture 1
MTV Europe, Kula Shaker tour of India 111, 112–13
Mukherjee, Hemanta 90
Murdoch, Rupert 154
music: and dance (Bali) 184–5; social functions of (China) 47n
Music Heaven, Chinese pop magazine 38, 39
music videos 8, 115; Japanese 130, 132–7, 142; Maa Tujhe Salaam 65–6, 67, 68–9, 71–2; pirate VCDs 149; study of 129–30
Mute 116
Nakajima, Miyuki 132
nakaxi (Taiwanese bar girls) 178–80
Nasida Ria Group 79
nation state: and global media 63, 71–2; and globalisation 72–3
National Cultural Maintenance Act, Thailand 19
national cultures: and pop music 2; Thailand 19, 174, 179, 181
nationalism: India 67–9; Taiwan 50–1, 179; Thailand 19–21
Nawaphon 28
NHK (Japan Public Broadcasting Corporation) 159
nihonjinron (theories of Japaneseness) 161
nostalgia 113–14, 115–16; Christian (Japan) 139–41; for student years (Alfee) 139–40
Nugroho, Garin 86
Oetoyo Oesman, Indonesian Minister of Justice 84
Orientalism 11, 112, 115, 123, 125n; and Japan 137
Palapa, recording studio 81
Palu, Amry 78
Pas, indie band 79
Pasuk Phongpaichit 29
Patipan Pattaweekan (Mos) 18
Patterson, O. 50
performance 8; Bali 183, 184–6, 190–1
performer, concept of (Thailand) 23
Pesta Kesenian Bali (Bali Arts Festival) 195
Phibun Songkhran, Field Marshal 20, 21, 29
Pinxten, R. 183
Pioquinto, C. 78
poet-musicians, Bengal 89
political agitation: Indonesia 81–2; Kanoria Jute Mill (Bengal) 96–100; pop music and (Thailand) 29–30
pongchak (Korean popular songs) 162
pop magazines: China 37–8, 46n; critical (China) 37–9, 40–1; Hong Kong 152–3, 156
pop music: Anglo-American 7–8; China 44; Chinese (in Taiwan) 56, 173; commercial control of 107–8; differentiated from rock (China) 39–41, 42–3; global influences 13; as popular culture 2; and social distinction (China) 41–3; Taiwan 55; Thailand 27–30; underground (Indonesia) 79–82; Western view of, as subversive 32–4, 188–9, see also dangdut
pop music industry: Hong Kong 144–6; Thailand 23, 29
pop singers: Hong Kong 151–3, 155–6; Korean 162, 169–71; recruited (Thailand) 21–2; as soap opera actors 18–19, 22; Taiwanese 162, 178–80; Thailand 18–19
Pop Songs, Chinese pop magazine 38
popular culture 2, 147–8; social frameworks of 32–3
postcolonial: and cultural influence 180–1; use of term 64–5, see also colonialism
postmodernism, and rock formation 24–5
Presley, Elvis 28
punk: Bali 194–5; China 35, 36, 43
Pyongyang, North Korea 167
Quick, Craig 53
radio stations 79, 176; Thailand 22, 31n, see also ICRT
Ratthaniyom, Thai cultural legislation 19, 20–1
RCA records, Taiwan 176
RCTI, Indonesian commercial television channel 77, 86
Rebana rock, Indonesia 83
record companies: Bengal 90–1; Hong Kong 151; indie (independent) 79–80; Indonesia 85, see also Grammy Records
record reviews, China 40
Red Gaurs 28
reggae: in Bali 188; origins 50
Reich, Steve 187
religion, in Japan 137
Remix Dangdut House Mania album 78
Rendra 83
Rewat Bhutthinun (Der) 21, 28–9
Rhum, M.R. 20
Robertson, R. 5
rock music: differentiated from pop (China) 39–41, 42–3; Grossberg's reading of 24–7; ideology of 34–6; and rebellion 26, 27; as subversive 10, 32, 44
Roman 145
romance, modern version (Japan) 127, 135–6, 138, 140–2
RS Promotions, Thailand 21, 23
Ry, Dwijendrall 89
Saam Num Saam Mum, Thai soap opera 17–19, 22
Safari Artists group 85
Sagita, Yong 194
Sakazaki, Kohnosuke, The Alfee 130
Sakhalin, Japan 166
Saksit Tangtong (Tang) 18
Sakurai, Masaru, The Alfee 130
Samantha K 55
SAP Music Management 79
Sen, Atulprasd 89
Sen, Indranl 104
Sen, Rajanknta 89
Shanghai xv; Komuro concert 154, 155, 156; origins of popular music 144–5 shōjo (young girl) (Japan) 134–5, 143n
Shohat, E. 64
Si Doi Kuk (Chinese pop songs) 144
Siegel, J. 82
Sindra 146
Sivaraksa, Sulak 19
So, Natalie 56
soap operas, Thailand 17–19, 30n
Soedarsono 191
Soneta Group 76
Songsit Roongnophakunsri (Kob) 18
Sony Music corporation 114, 125n
Southern All Stars 131
spatial dislocation 65
Spice Girls 112
Spies, Walter 188
Spivak, G. 72
Star-TV, Taiwan 59
state: and media (India) 66; and media (Thailand) 31n; sponsorship of culture 10; use of pop music (Indonesia) 85–6
subcultures 33–6, 45n; British dance 48n
Suharto, President of Indonesia 76, 77, 87n
Sukarno, President of Indonesia 76, 87, 192
Sunday Hot Music 194
Suzy Wonder 55
Swdhn Bngl (Independent Bengal) 100, 102
syncretism, cultural: Bali 193; Taiwan 49, 50, 51, 52, 57
Tagore, Rabindranth 89
Taipei 51
Taiwan 12, 39, 49–59, 173–81; bar singers (nakaxi) 178–80; Chinese language in 55; democratisation 57, 58–9; DPP (Democratic Progressive Party) 181; Greater China myth 174–6, 181; and ICRT 51–8; indigenisation 49, 51–8, 174; influence of Japan in 175–8, 180; Japanese colonial rule in 174; live music scene 177–8; martial law 51, 53, 58; and national cultural identity 19, 174, 179, 181; nationalism 50–1, 179
Taiwanese singers, in Japan 162
Taiyu ge (Taiwanese songs) 173, 174–6, 178; Japanese influence in 175, 176–7, 181
Takamizawa, Toshihiko, The Alfee 130, 134, 136
Tamaya, Ellyn 86
techno music, Bali 194
technologies 1; Bali 191; Hong Kong 148, 149
television: advertising revenues (India) 66; global (dubbed) 70, 74n; Japanese (broadcast in Hong Kong) 146, 147, see also MTV
television stations, Indonesia 77, 85–6
Teng, Teresa 162
Thailand 17–30; military 28, 31n; nationalism 19–21; pop music 27–30; radio stations 22, 31n; social changes 28–9; student rebellions (1970s) 27, 30, 31n
TICCF (Taipei International Community Cultural Foundation) 52, 57
Time Media stations, Thailand 23
time-space compression 50
TK see Komuro
TM Network 154
Tokugawa Ieyasu, first shogun 143n
Tottori, Japan, Japan-Korea Big Star concert 159, 162, 170–1
tradition and innovation, Bali 185–6
transnationalism 50; and culture 64–5; sociological consequences of 58–9
TRF (band) 154
Tu Wei-ming 175
Turf House Club, Pune (India) xii–xiii
TVRI (Televisi Republik Indonesia) 77, 85–6
underground bands, Indonesia 79–82
United States, and origins of ICRT (Taiwan) 52, 54
urbanisation, Thailand 29
utopia, in Chatterjee's songs 94–5
‘Vande Mataram’ campaign, India 66, 67
Varela, Carlos 108
video: pirate VCDs 149; and television (Indonesia) 85–6, see also music videos
Village Scouts 28
Virgin Mary, symbolism in Japan 134–5
Wayang Kulit (Balinese performance) 191
Weng Jiaming 178
Western culture, in Thailand 19, 20–1
Western music 7–8; Asian influences on 114–15, 187–8; banned in Indonesia 76; in Hong Kong 145; influence on Balinese youth 185–6, 190, 192–3, see also pop music; rock music
Wilson, R. 51
Wulan, Ne Made 195
Yamashita Tatsurō 132
Yang Yuying 40
Yano, C. 139
Yeh, Sally 55
Yip, Grace 154
Yogya, Purnawisata centre 77–8
Yoshida Takurō 132
Yoshioka Osamu 163
Zainichi Korean Cultural Arts Association 169
zainichi Koreans in Japan 161; Kim Yonja and 169–70
Zang Tianshuo 40
Zhang Qin 38
Zhou Tianwang 176
Zhuang Yongming 176