Index
Numbers
3D printing
3D ultrasound, 31
4D ultrasound, 31
23andMe, 63
32-bit processors, 192
64-bit processors, 192
The 120 Year Diet (Walford), 279
A
abdominoplasty, 109
Abilify, 140
ABOi organs, 50
abstinence, 36
acetaminophen, 184
adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway research studies, 289
Adolphs, Ralph, 199
Agassi, Andre, 94
The Age of Intelligent Machines (Kurzweil), 298
The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence (Kurzweil), 298
aging. See longevity
AI (artificial insemination), 44–45
AI (artificial intelligence), 203–205
future of, 310
Stage 1 (current technology), 311
Stage 2 (repetitive job replacement), 311–312
Stage 3 (information-based job replacement), 312
Stage 4 (total job replacement), 312–314
relationship with humans, 205–206
technology singularity, 209–210
albinism, 58
Alcor, 293
alopecia, 93
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), 279
Alster, Tina, 300
amblyopia, 188
AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) pathway research studies, 289
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 279
Andersen, Charlotte Hilton, 105
anesthesia, history of, 127
anti-aging products. See cosmeceuticals
antibiotics, 128
antioxidants, 82
antivirals, 128
appearance. See beauty
Arcadiou, Stelios, 238
“Are Humans Still Evolving?” (Stock), 13
Ariely, Dan, 315
aripiprazole, 140
Aristo, 210
Arnhat, Larry, 303
arterial perfusion, 33
artificial heart
continuous-flow heart, 126, 131–132
artificial insemination (AI), 44–45
artificial intelligence (AI), 203–205
future of, 310
Stage 1 (current technology), 311
Stage 2 (repetitive job replacement), 311–312
Stage 3 (information-based job replacement), 312
Stage 4 (total job replacement), 312–314
relationship with humans, 205–206
technology singularity, 209–210
artificial limbs. See limb replacement
artificial reproduction technologies, 42–47
artificial insemination (AI), 44–45
in vitro fertilization (IVF), 42–44
assistants, robots as, 158–159
Attenborough, David, 11
Austin, Steve, 216
B
babies
birth control technologies, 33–41
remote control birth control, 37–38
conception
artificial reproduction technologies, 42–47
erectile dysfunction (ED) treatments, 39–41
designer babies
genetic engineering, 58–65, 250–252
life-saving technologies, 47–52
genome sequencing, 48
Bach-y-Rita, Paul, 170
baldness. See hair, loss and restoration
Barbie doll look-alike, 78
Bardwell, Vivian, 118
barrier methods (birth control), 34–35
Barzilai, Nir, 278
BBB (blood-brain barrier), 184
Beatie, Nancy, 66
Beatie, Thomas Trace, 66
body-shaping tools, 90
cosmetic surgery
abdominoplasty, 109
blepharoplasty, 109
breast reduction, 110
cosmetic dentistry, 110
dermabrasion, 109
double eyelid surgery, 119
foot surgery, 120
limb lengthening, 120
liposuction, 108
palm alteration, 119
plastic surgery versus, 107–108
popularity of, 120
rhinoplasty, 108
rhytidectomy, 109
stem cells in, 121–123, 299–300
vaginoplasty, 110
cosmetics, 81
cosmetic stickers, 86
future of, 300
hair, 91
common symbols, 87
gadget-activated tattoos, 89
invisible tattoos, 88
LED tattoos, 89
removable ink, 88
white tattoos, 89
weight loss, 97
non-surgical techniques, 103–106
Beauty Pays (Hamermesh), 72
Beckham, David, 191
Belic, Roko, 274
Benedict XVI (pope), 258
Bina48, 205
bio-hacking. See cyborg; do-it-yourself bio-hacking
bionic
The Bionic Woman (television series), 214
Biostamp, 86
birth control technologies, 33–41
remote control birth control, 37–38
blepharoplasty, 109
blindness. See vision replacement technology
blood
blood sugar, 104
glucose-sensing contact lens, 153–154
blood tests in prenatal testing, 62
blood typing in organ donation, 50
blood-brain barrier (BBB), 184
body art
religious viewpoints
Islam, 248
common symbols, 87
gadget-activated tattoos, 89
invisible tattoos, 88
LED tattoos, 89
removable ink, 88
white tattoos, 89
body parts, 3D printing, 149–152
body spacers, 90
body-shaping tools, 90
Bohr, Niels, 24
Borg, 216
Botvinick, Matthew, 172
brain. See also neuroscience
characteristics of
plasticity. See neuroplasticity
cognitive enhancers, 171
psychotherapy, 175
rubber hand illusion (RHI), 172
mysteries of
consciousness, 196–205, 206–208
list of, 199
sleep, 197
neurological disorders, 178–179
brain-to-brain communication, 194–196
exoskeleton connections, 191–192
The Brain’s Way of Healing (Doidge), 171
brain-to-brain communication, 194–196
Brave New World (Huxley), 250, 252
breastfeeding and, 117
history of, 111
Ideal implants, 116
largest-breasted woman, 80
breast reduction, 110
breastfeeding
breast augmentation and, 117
Brewer, Judson, 177
Broyde, Michael J., 254
Bruce, Lenny, 246
Bruno, Giordano, 243
Buettner, Dan, 271, 272, 272–275
Bulletproof Coffee, 186
Bush, George H. W., 243, 244, 254–255, 256–257
Bütschli, Otto, 54
buttock augmentation, 74
Byrne, Patrick J., 299
C
Caenorhabditis elegans (roundworm), 165–192
Caidin, Martin, 216
Calment, Jeanne, 267
Canavero, Sergio, 130
Cannon, Tim, 237
Caplan, Art, 65
carrier tests in prenatal testing, 62
Case, Amber, 212–213, 239, 313, 314
Caspari, Rachel, 265
CAT (computerized axial tomography) scans, 137–138
Catherine de’ Medici, 90
CBT (cognitive behavior therapy), 175
cell atrophy, 290
cellular garbage, 290
centenarians
studies of
Longevity Genes Project, 277–278
New England Centenarian Study, 275–277
Power 9 lifestyle list, 272–275
cervical cap, 35
Chen, Danica, 285
Chen, Jane, 51
Cheng, Gordon, 191
Chilcott, Warner, 36
cholesterol (HDL), 278
chorionic villus sampling (CVS), 48, 63
Chorost, Michael, 228
Christianity
cloning, 253
chromosomes
mutations, 291
Churman, Sarah, 221
Cialis, 40
Cidofovir, 92
Clark, Arthur C., 318
Clark, Barney, 130
Clinton, Bill, 254
clocks, as cyborg technology, 218
cloning
“Cloning People and Jewish Law: A Preliminary Analysis” (Broyde), 254
clothing
Clynes, Manfred E., 213
cocaine, 127
cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), 175
cognitive enhancers, 171
psychotherapy, 175
rubber hand illusion (RHI), 172
Cohen, Jonathan, 172
Colen, Cynthia, 30
computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans, 137–138
computers, 21
Comstock Act, 34
artificial reproduction technologies, 42–47
artificial insemination (AI), 44–45
in vitro fertilization (IVF), 42–44
birth control technologies. See birth control technologies
designer babies. See designer babies
erectile dysfunction (ED) treatments, 39–41
ConceptNet, 210
condoms, 34
conductive makeup, 86
consciousness
contact lens, glucose-sensing, 153–154
continuous-flow artificial heart, 126, 131–132
contraception. See birth control technologies
contraceptive implant, 35
contraceptive patch, 35
contraceptive sponge, 35
Cook, James, 86
Cordell, Joe, 280
cordocentesis, 63
corsets, 90
cosmetic dentistry, 110
cosmetic stickers, 86
abdominoplasty, 109
blepharoplasty, 109
breastfeeding and, 117
history of, 111
Ideal implants, 116
breast reduction, 110
cosmetic dentistry, 110
dermabrasion, 109
double eyelid surgery, 119
foot surgery, 120
limb lengthening, 120
liposuction, 108
palm alteration, 119
plastic surgery versus, 107–108
popularity of, 120
rhinoplasty, 108
rhytidectomy, 109
stem cells in, 121–123, 299–300
vaginoplasty, 110
cosmetics, 81
cosmetic stickers, 86
future of, 300
CRISPR-Cas9 technology, 250
Cristerna, Maria Jose, 79
Cronin, Thomas, 111
Crowell, Mary, 279
Cruz, Ted, 257
Cryonics Institute, 293
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, 273
CT (computerized axial tomography) scans, 137–138
The Cure in the Code (Huber), 147, 149
CVS (chorionic villus sampling), 48, 63
cybernetics, origin of term, 215–216
Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine (Wiener), 216
bio-hacking
night vision enhancement, 236
cochlear implants, 221
electronic accessories, 221–225
GoPro camera, 224
mobile phones and PDAs, 221–223
tattoos, 225
virtual-reality eyewear, 224
eyesight correction, 221
history of technologies, 217–219
corrective lenses, 218
time-keeping, 218
underwater breathing apparatus, 218–219
Arcadiou, Stelios, 238
Chorost, Michael, 228
Jalava, Jerry, 231
Licina, Gabriel, 236
Mistry, Pranav, 233
Naumann, Jens, 227
Sullivan, Jesse, 235
Wake, Byron, 234
Warwick, Kevin, 195–196, 232–233
implants
RFID chips, 234
in literature and media, 216
Cyborg (Caidin), 216
Cylons, 216
D
D’Armate, Salvino, 42
Darth Vader, 216
DBS (deep brain stimulation), 182–183
de Grey, Aubrey, 268, 289–292, 308–309
death, leading causes of, 264
deep brain stimulation (DBS), 182–183
default mode network (DMN), 177
Democratic Party viewpoints, stem cell research, 257
Dendy, Walter Cooper, 175
dentistry, cosmetic, 110
depression
deep brain stimulation (DBS), 183
self-help website, 263
dermabrasion, 109
Ericsson Method, 56
genetic chemistry and, 60
preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), 57–58
controversy surrounding, 58–60, 250
genetic compatibility testing, 61–62
mitochondrial DNA replacement, 64–65
Deus Ex: Human Revolution (video game), 229
diaphragm, 35
Diedrichs, Phillippa, 72
diet. See lifestyle, longevity and
digital smart pills, 140
Discourses on the Temperate Life (Cornaro), 278–279
DMN (default mode network), 177
Dmrt1 gene, 118
DNA sequencing in artificial reproduction, 45–47. See also genome sequencing
Dobelle, William, 227
Doidge, Norman, 171
night vision enhancement, 236
do-it-yourself healthcare, 160–161
double eyelid surgery, 119
drugs. See pharmaceuticals
dualism, 167
dystopia, 299
E
economics in future society, 314–317
ECT (electroconvulsive therapy), 180–181
ED (erectile dysfunction) treatments, 39–41
Edwards, Robert, 43
Edwin Smith Papyrus, 166
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), 180–181
electronics
GoPro camera, 224
mobile phones and PDAs, 221–223
tattoos, 225
virtual-reality eyewear, 224
high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), 143
organ-on-a-chip simulations, 144–146
video games, 142
Embrace Infant Warmer, 51
emerging technologies, political viewpoints on, 260–262
employment
robot job replacement
Stage 2 (repetitive job replacement), 311–312
Stage 3 (information-based job replacement), 312
Stage 4 (total job replacement), 312–314
enhancing brain function. See cognitive enhancers
Enovid-10, 34
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 243
erectile dysfunction (ED) treatments, 39–41
Ericsson, Ronald J., 56
Ericsson Method, 56
Ettinger, Robert, 293
evolution
brain characteristics and, 8–10, 200–203
technology singularity, 20–24, 297–299
tool usage, 11
exorcism, 181
exoskeletons, 191–192, 230–231
Eyeborg, 229
eyelid surgery, 109
eyesight correction
as cyborg technology, 218, 221
night vision enhancement, 236
vision replacement technology, 170–171, 227, 228–229
F
facelift, 109
Fantastic Voyage: Live Long Enough to Live Forever (Kurzweil and Grossman), 294
Farra, Robert, 38
fashion accessories, as cyborg technology, 224–225
fat grafting, 74
fat transfer breast augmentation, 115–116
fatal familial insomnia (FFI), 197
female circumcision, 248
female sterilization, 36
Ferriss, Tim, 186
fever, as neurological treatment, 181
FFI (fatal familial insomnia), 197
finasteride, 95
Fitbit, 223
fitness trackers. See health trackers
Flatline (film), 132
Fleming, Alexander, 128
Fleuss, Henry, 219
Flourens, Pierre, 168
“flow”, 273
food. See weight loss
foot binding, 90
foot surgery, 120
Forever Young (film), 292
formula feeding versus breastfeeding, 27–31
Foxl2 gene, 118
Frankl, Viktor, 273
Fraunhofer Institute for Medical Image Computing, 142–143
Freedom-2-Ink, 88
Freud, Sigmund, 175
Friedman, David, 287
frontal lobe, 8
future
of cosmetics, 300
of genetic engineering, 303–306
of neuroscience, 200
artificial intelligence (AI), 203–205
human intelligence expansion, 200–203
relationship between humans and AI, 205–206
technology singularity, 209–210
of robotics, 310
Stage 1 (current technology), 311
Stage 2 (repetitive job replacement), 311–312
Stage 3 (information-based job replacement), 312
Stage 4 (total job replacement), 312–314
“The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to Computerisation?” (Frey and Osborne), 311
G
gadget-activated tattoos, 89
Gage, Greg, 179
Gage, Phineas, 178
Galileo Galilei, 242
Galvani, Luigi, 168
Gao, Wen-Jun, 187
gastric bypass surgery, 102–103
Gates, Melinda, 37
Gautama Buddha, 175
gender dysphoria (GD), 117–118
gender selection for babies, 54–58
Ericsson Method, 56
genetic chemistry and, 60
preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), 57–58
gene therapy for erectile dysfunction, 41
GenePeeks, 61
genetic compatibility testing, 61–62
controversy surrounding, 58–60, 250
gender selection. See gender selection for babies
genetic compatibility testing, 61–62
mitochondrial DNA replacement, 64–65
sex change genes, 118
genetics, 21
AMPK pathway, 289
insulin signaling pathway, 287–288
Longevity Genes Project, 277–278
New England Centenarian Study, 276–277
SENS Foundation research, 289–292
“Genetics and Faith: Power, Choice and Responsibility” (Evangelical Lutheran Church in America), 253, 258
23andMe, 63
Gerow, Frank, 111
Gibson, Mel, 292
Gilbert, Dan, 308
Gillies, Harold, 108
Giurgea, Corneliu E., 186
The Glass Cage (Carr), 260–261
glasses, 218
glucose-sensing contact lens, 153–154
Gomez, Andres, 94
Gomez, Max, 258
Google Glass, 143–144, 223–224
Goostman, Eugene, 204
GoPro camera, 224
Grant, Dionne, 67
Greenberg, Stephen, 117
grinders. See do-it-yourself bio-hacking
Grossman, Terry, 294
Grossmann, Rafael, 144
Guarente, Leonard P., 283
Guevara-Aguirre, Jaime, 288
Guha, Sujoy K., 38
The Guide to the Future of Medicine (Meskó), 139–140
gut sleeves, 103
H
hair, 91
Propecia, 95
robotic hair restoration, 96
stem cells, 97
Halperin, Levi Yitzschak, 259
Hamermesh, Daniel, 72
Hamilton, Geraldine, 145, 145–146
hand gestures, in cyborg technology, 233
Hansen, James E., 243
“The Happy Movie” (Belic), 274
Harper, Stephen, 244
Hart, Mickey, 190
Hawking, Stephen, 298
HDL (good cholesterol), 278
The Healing Cell: How the Greatest Revolution in Medical History Is Changing Your Life (Smith, et al), 258
as cyborg technology, 223
healthcare. See medicine
healthy eating. See weight loss
hearing
with cochlear implants, 221, 228
heart disease
artificial heart
continuous-flow heart, 126, 131–132
HeartMate II ventricular assist device, 131
Hensley, Samuel, 302
Herculano-Houzel, Suzana, 10
heroin, 128
Heskett, Jame, 105
Heston, Charlton, 98
HIF (hypoxia inducible transcription factor), 285
high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), 33, 143
Hinduism
cloning, 253
stem cell research, 259
Hippocratic Oath, 127
history
of birth control technologies, 33–34
of breast augmentation, 111
of cyborg technologies, 217–219
corrective lenses, 218
time-keeping, 218
underwater breathing apparatus, 218–219
of hair loss and restoration, 93–94
of imaging technologies, 137–138
of life expectancy rates, 264–266
of microscopes, 42
of neurological treatment options, 181–182
HMOs (human milk oligosaccharides), 30
Hollister, Scott, 51
HopeLab, 142
Hoppenstedt, Max, 237
hormone treatment methods (birth control), 35
Huber, Peter W., 149
HULC (Human Universal Load Carrier), 230
Hull, Chuck, 51
human intelligence expansion, 200–203
human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), 30
Human Universal Load Carrier (HULC), 230
humans, relationship with AI, 205–206
humorism, 166
Hunter, John, 44
hypoxia inducible transcription factor (HIF), 285
I
Icaria, Greece, 271
ice water, as neurological treatment, 181
Ideal implants, 116
IGF-1 hormone, 288
IIT (integrated information theory), 208
imaging technologies in medicine, 137–138
immaterialists, 198
planning for, 309
implants
bio-hacking
for breast augmentation, 112–115
breastfeeding and, 117
incubation technologies, 50–51
induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), 97
infant formula versus breastfeeding, 27–31
infection control, history of, 128
inframammary (IMF) insertion point, 113
insertion points for breast implants, 113–115
insulin, 104
insulin coma as neurological treatment, 181
insulin signaling pathway research studies, 287–288
integrated information theory (IIT), 208
intelligence
artificial intelligence (AI), 203–205
future of. See artificial intelligence (AI), future of
relationship with humans, 205–206
technology singularity, 209–210
human intelligence expansion, 200–203
intracervical insemination, 44
intrauterine device (IUD), 35
intrauterine insemination, 44–45
intrauterine system (IUS), 35
intrauterine tuboperitoneal insemination, 45
invisible tattoos, 88
in vitro fertilization (IVF), 42–44, 45–47
iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells), 97
“Is Google Making Us Stupid?” (Carr), 260
Islam
body modification, 248
cloning, 254
Istvan, Zoltan, 206, 210, 239, 251, 252, 255, 260, 261–262, 298, 302, 303, 304, 311, 312–313, 314, 315, 316
IUD (intrauterine device), 35
IUS (intrauterine system), 35
IVF (in vitro fertilization), 42–44, 45–47
J
Jacobstein, Neil, 206
Jahoda, Colin, 96
Jalava, Jerry, 231
Jarvik 7 artificial heart, 130
Jarvik 2000 ventricular assist device, 220–221
Jehovah’s Witness, 249
Jeopardy! (television series), 204–205
Jesus Christ, tattoos of, 247
The Jetsons (television series), 203
John Paul II (pope), 242, 254, 257–258
Johnson, Tom, 287
Jorgensen, Christine, 118
Judaism
cloning, 254
stem cell research, 259
Judlica, Justin, 79
K
Kahn, Irving, 278
Ken doll look-alike, 79
Kendall, Mark, 139
Kimura, Jiroemon, 267
Kline, Nathan S., 213
Knauss, Sarah, 267
knowledge transference, longevity and, 265
Koch, Christof, 208
Kocher, Theodor, 129
Kotler, Steven, 219
Kughen, Rick, 214
Kurzweil, Ray, 22–24, 50, 140, 164, 166, 201–202, 205, 205–206, 294–295, 297, 297–298, 307, 310, 318
L
labiaplasty, 74
LaGondino Tracy Lehuanani, 66
Landolina, Joe, 153
Lanphier, Edward, 251
largest-breasted woman, 80
Laron’s syndrome, 288
laser hair removal, 92
Last Ape Standing: The Seven-Million-Year Story of How and Why We Survived (Walter), 14
Lawler, Peter, 302
Lazar, Sara, 177
learning, training brain via, 173–174
LED tattoos, 89
Lee, Sang-Hee, 265
Leeuwenhoek, Antonie van, 42
Levitra, 40
levonorgestrel, 37
Lewis, Craig, 131
libido drugs, 41
Licina, Gabriel, 236
Liebig, Justus von, 28
life expectancy, 138
centenarians, predictions about, 267–268
current, 264
life-saving technologies for babies, 47–52
lifestyle, longevity and, 270–271
New England Centenarian Study, 276
Power 9 lifestyle list, 272–275
spouse age differences, 277
limb lengthening surgery, 120
limb regeneration in starfish, 122
limb replacement, 191–192, 219–220, 235–236
Lindsey, Timmie Jean, 111
liposonix, 106
Litt, Brian, 89
lobes (of brain), 8
logarithmic improvements to technology, 14–20, 42
logotherapy, 273
Loma Linda, California, 271
centenarians
Longevity Genes Project, 277–278
New England Centenarian Study, 275–277
Power 9 lifestyle list, 272–275
AMPK pathway, 289
insulin signaling pathway, 287–288
Longevity Genes Project, 277–278
New England Centenarian Study, 276–277
SENS Foundation research, 289–292
history of life expectancy rates, 264–266
planning for, 309
New England Centenarian Study, 276
Power 9 lifestyle list, 272–275
spouse age differences, 277
supercentenarians, examples of, 266–267
Longevity Genes Project, 277–278
losing
hair. See hair, loss and restoration
weight. See weight loss
Louis XIII, King of France, 93
low-cost incubation technologies, 50–51
Lukyanova, Valeria, 78
Lysenko, Trofim, 243
Lysenkoism, 243
M
MacWilliam, John Alexander, 128
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, 138, 177
magneto-acoustic imaging, 33
Maguire, Eleanor, 171
makeup. See cosmetics
male sterilization, 36
Malepregnancy.com, 66
mammaplasty. See breast augmentation
“The Man That Was Used Up” (Poe), 216
materialists, 198
Mayberg, Helen, 183
Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH), 67
MBSR (mindfulness-based stress reduction), 177
McCay, Clive, 279
blood-clotting innovations, 152–153
cochlear implants, 221
do-it-yourself healthcare, 160–161
high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), 143
organ-on-a-chip simulations, 144–146
video games, 142
genome sequencing
23andMe, 63
heart disease
continuous-flow artificial heart, 126, 131–132
history of artificial heart, 130–131
neuroscience. See neuroscience
organ transplants
pharmaceuticals. See also cosmeceuticals
as cognitive enhancers, 187
genome sequencing and, 148–149
for neurological disorders, 183–184
for neuroplasticity improvement, 187–188
organ-on-a-chip simulations, 145–146
robotics in
surgery. See surgery
melanocortin receptor agonists, 41
Mellinger, Frederick, 90
Melton, Doug, 256
Mendel, Gregor, 250
mental illness. See neurological disorders
Meskó, Bertalan, 48, 139–140, 144, 146, 147, 148, 158, 304, 305, 311, 316
metabolism-regulating weight loss implant, 103–105
metformin, 289
Metrazol, 182
Micra pacemaker, 129
microchips. See RFID (radio-frequency identification) implants
microdermabrasion, 109
microscopes, history of, 42
MicroSort, 57
Miller, Michael, 30
mind file, 205
mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), 177
MinION, 147
Mishra, Pankaj, 259
Mistry, Pranav, 233
mitochondrial breakdown, 284–285, 290
mitochondrial DNA replacement, 64–65
mobile phones, history of, 221–223
MobiUS SP1 Ultrasound Imaging System, 32
Moore, Gordon, 14
moral discipline, as neurological treatment, 181
morphine, 128
Morse, Sam, 195
Mosso, Angelo, 168
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans, 138, 177
MRKH (Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome), 67
mTOR protein research studies, 286–287
Muller, Johannes Peter, 168
Murphy, Robert, 121–123, 299–300, 305
Musk, Elon, 298
myelin, 174
N
NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), 284–285
Nanopatch, 139
nanotechnology, 21
Nash, Adam, 57
Nash, Molly, 57
National Institute of Aging (NIA), 281
Nestlé boycott, 29
neurogastroenterology, 177
neurological disorders, 178–179
treatment options, 179
deep brain stimulation (DBS), 182–183
electroconvulsive therapy, 180–181
neurons, 10
improving
rubber hand illusion (RHI), 172
via psychotherapy, 175
neuropreservation, 293
Neuroracer (video game), 190
neuroscience. See also brain
future of, 200
artificial intelligence (AI), 203–205
human intelligence expansion, 200–203
relationship between humans and AI, 205–206
technology singularity, 209–210
mysteries of
consciousness, 196–197, 206–208
list of, 199
sleep, 197
neurological disorders, 178–179
New England Centenarian Study, 275–277
NIA (National Institute of Aging), 281
Nicolelis, Miguel, 191–192, 194–195, 202
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), 284–285
Nicoya, Costa Rica, 272
night vision enhancement, 236
Nixon, Richard, 243
Norton, Michael, 315
nose job (rhinoplasty), 108
The Nyctalope, 216
O
occipital lobe, 8
Okinawa, Japan, 272
Oleynikov, Dmitry, 156
Omidyar, Pam, 142
On Injuries of the Head (Hippocrates), 166
Open (Agassi), 94
oral contraception, 35
Orentreich, Norman, 94
organ-on-a-chip simulations, 144–146
The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (Darwin), 6, 250
ORLAN, 80
Orphan Black (television series), 253
Össur, 219
Owen, Ivan, 220
OY ratio (old to young ratio), 265
Ozcan, Aydogan, 155
P
pain control, history of, 127–128
palm alteration surgery, 119
Panicker, Rahul, 51
parietal lobe, 8
Paul, Rand, 245
PDAs (personal digital assistants), history of, 221–223
penile prosthesis, 40
Penrose, Roger, 207
Pepper, John, 171
performance art
body as, 80
with cyborg technology, 238
periareolar insertion point, 114
personal digital assistants (PDAs), history of, 221–223
Peterson, Garrett, 51
pets, cryopreservation of, 293
PGD (preimplantation genetic diagnosis), 57–58
phantom limb syndrome, 170
pharmaceuticals. See also cosmeceuticals
as cognitive enhancers, 187
genome sequencing and, 148–149
for neurological disorders, 183–184
for neuroplasticity improvement, 187–188
organ-on-a-chip simulations, 145–146
phrenology, 168
physical restraints, as neurological treatment, 181
“the pill”, 35
pills. See pharmaceuticals
plastic surgery
cosmetic surgery versus, 107–108
plasticity of brain. See neuroplasticity
Poe, Edgar Allen, 216
political viewpoints
emerging technologies, 260–262
genetic engineering, 252
Power 9 lifestyle list, 272–275
prayer, 181
pregnancy. See conception
preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), 57–58
prenatal testing
amniocentesis, 63
chorionic villus sampling (CVS), 48, 63
cordocentesis, 63
Ericsson Method, 56
preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), 57–58
genetic engineering and, 62–63
Propecia, 95
protein cross links, 290
Proteus Digital Health, 140
psychotherapy, 175
push-up bras, 90
Q
R
radio-frequency identification (RFID) implants, 231–232, 234
Ramm, Olaf von, 31
rapamycin, 286
rapid eye movement (REM), 197
Ravnan, Britt, 48
Razi, 243
Rebuilt: How Becoming Part Computer Made Me More Human (Chorost), 228
religious viewpoints
body modification
Islam, 248
organ transplants, 50
stem cell research, 257
Hinduism, 259
Judaism, 259
REM (rapid eye movement), 197
Re-Mission (video game), 142
remote control birth control, 37–38
removing
reproduction. See conception
Republican Party viewpoints, stem cell research, 256–257
resistance to scientific progress, 241–244
body modification
emerging technologies, 260–262
stem cell research
Propecia, 95
robotic hair restoration, 96
stem cells, 97
restructuring of society, 314–317
retinoids, 83
retinol, 81
Reversible Inhibition of Sperm Under Guidance (RISUG), 38–39
RFID (radio-frequency identification) implants, 231–232, 234
RHI (rubber hand illusion), 172
rhinoplasty, 108
Rhythmicity (video game), 190
rhytidectomy, 109
RISUG (Reversible Inhibition of Sperm Under Guidance), 38–39
robotic hair restoration, 96
robotics, 21
artificial intelligence (AI), 203–205
relationship with humans, 205–206
technology singularity, 209–210
brain-to-brain communication, 194–196
exoskeleton connections, 191–192
future of, 310
Stage 1 (current technology), 311
Stage 2 (repetitive job replacement), 311–312
Stage 3 (information-based job replacement), 312
Stage 4 (total job replacement), 312–314
in medicine
Rogers, John, 86
Röntgen, William, 137
Rosenblueth, Arturo, 215
Rosenthal, Kenneth, 119
Rotch, Thomas Morgan, 28
Rothblatt, Bina, 205
Rothblatt, Martine, 205
roundworm (Caenorhabditis elegans), 165, 192–193
Rozelle, David, 219
rubber hand illusion (RHI), 172
S
saline breast implants, 113
Sanders, Bernie, 257
Sanger, Margaret, 34
Sardinia, Italy, 271
Schroeder, William, 130
scientific progress, resistance to, 241–244
emerging technologies, 260–262
scuba (self-contained breathing apparatus), 218–219
Search for Paradise: A Patient’s Account of the Artificial Vision Experiment (Naumann), 227
SENS Foundation longevity research, 289–292
serotonin, 178
Seventh-Day Adventists, 271
sex reassignment surgery, 117–118
Sherman, Jerome K., 44
Shields, Brooke, 94
Shuler, Michael, 145
silicone breast implants, 113
The Simpsons (television series), 222
Sinclair, David, 282, 283, 284–285
singularity, 20–24, 209–210, 297–299
The Singularity is Near (Kurzweil), 295
SIRT3 genes, 285
sirtuins
red wine intake and, 282
Sitti, Metin, 141
The Six Million Dollar Man (television series), 214, 216
skin, synthetic, 151
skin whitening, 249
sleep, 197
sleeve gastrectomy, 103
smartphones
sensors in, 155
ultrasound technology, 32
Smith, Robin, 258
Smith, Stephen, 31
Snyder, Michael, 147
society, restructuring of, 314–317
sonography. See ultrasound technology
Soylent Green (film), 98
spatial resolution in MRI scans, 177
sperm
in artificial insemination, 44–45
genetic compatibility testing, 61–62
separating via spinning, 56–57
Spletter, Kimberly, 143
spouse age differences, effect on longevity, 277
Stapleton, John, 84
Star Trek: The Next Generation (television series), 216
starfish, limb regeneration, 122
Staxyn, 40
Steinberg, Jeffrey, 58–61, 252, 301, 302
Stelarc, 238
stem cell research
religious viewpoints, 257
Hinduism, 259
Judaism, 259
stem cells
in cosmetic surgery, 121–123, 299–300
for hair restoration, 97
Stendra, 40
Steptoe, Patrick, 43
sterilization (birth control), 36
stimulants, 187
Stock, Jay T., 13
stress, avoiding, 273
Stumbling on Happiness (Gilbert), 308
suicide gene therapy, 290
Sullivan, Jesse, 235
sunscreens, 83
supercentenarians, examples of, 266–267
birth control, 36
cosmetic surgery. See cosmetic surgery
for neurological disorders, 179
for weight loss
gut sleeves, 103
sleeve gastrectomy, 103
T
Tagliacozzi, Gasparo, 107
Takaoka, Michio, 282
talk therapy, 175
common symbols, 87
as cyborg technology, 225
gadget-activated tattoos, 89
invisible tattoos, 88
LED tattoos, 89
religious viewpoints
Islam, 248
removable ink, 88
white tattoos, 89
tDBS (transcranial deep brain stimulation), 181
technology
technology singularity, 20–24, 297–299
infant mortality rates and, 6–7
emerging technologies, 260–262
tool usage, 11
technology singularity, 20–24, 209–210, 297–299
temporal lobe, 8
Terasem Hypothesis, 205
Theobold, Daniel, 159
third ear, 238
thought communication, 195–196, 232–233, 307
Thuret, Sandrine, 184
Tijo, Joe Hin, 54
time-keeping technologies, 218
Timms, Daniel, 132
TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation), 181
Tomorrowland (Kotler), 219
Tononi, Giulio, 208
tool usage, 11
topical hair removal gel, 92–93
To-Robo, 210
Trafny, Tomasz, 258
trait selection in babies, 60–61
transabdominal insertion point, 114
transaxillary insertion point, 114
Transcend: Nine Steps to Living Well Forever (Kurzweil and Grossman), 294
transcranial deep brain stimulation (tDBS), 181
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), 181
transistors, 15
transplant surgery
organ transplants. See organ transplants
Transpolitica (Wood), 262
transumbilical insertion point, 114
Trump, Donald, 257
tubal ligation, 36
tummy tuck, 109
Turing, Alan, 204
Tylenol, 184
U
high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), 33, 143
universal income, 313, 316, 317
unwashed sperm, 45
Uprima, 41
Urban, Kimberly R., 187
USB drives, 231
V
vaginal ring, 35
vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), 181
Valporate, 188
Vampire Mom, 79
Van Roekel, Eeske, 198
vasectomy, 36
ventricular assist devices, 130, 131, 220–221
Veti-gel, 153
Viagra, 40
video games
as cognitive enhancers, 188–190
in medicine, 142
Vinge, Vernor, 23
virtual-reality eyewear, 224, 225–226
viruses as nanobots, 203
vision replacement technology, 170–171, 227, 228–229
VNS (vagus nerve stimulation), 181
Von As, Richard, 220
W
Wagner, John, 57
Wake, Byron, 234
Walford, Roy, 279
Walsh, John, 168
Walter, Chip, 14
Wampler, Richard, 131
Warwick, Kevin, 163, 193–194, 195–196, 203–204, 232–233, 237, 297, 306–307, 312
washed sperm, 45
watches, as cyborg technology, 218
Watson (IBM supercomputer), 204–205, 311
Watson, James, 250
wearable computing. See cyborg
Webber, David, 171
weight loss, 97
non-surgical techniques, 103–106
liposonix, 106
metabolism-regulating implant, 103–105
surgery for
gut sleeves, 103
sleeve gastrectomy, 103
Weindruch, Richard, 279
White, Robert, 129
white tattoos, 89
Wildd, Lacey, 80
Williams, Ted, 293
Willis, Thomas, 167
Wisconsin National Primate Research Centre (WNPRC), 280–281
Wood, David, 262
World Wide Mind: The Coming Integration of Humanity, Machines and the Internet (Chorost), 228
worms. See roundworm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
X
X-ray imaging, 137
XStat, 152
Xu, George, 97
Z
Zarkower, David, 118
Zerona laser treatments, 105–106
Zombie Smokeout (video game), 142
Zong, Oliver, 120