CONTENTS
Preface to the Paperback
xvii
Introduction
1
I THE ARGUMENT
1 The Argument in a Nutshell
17
2 Recurring Flaws
23
II THE BACKGROUND
3 The Origins of Measuring and Paying for Performance
29
4 Why Metrics Became So Popular
39
5 Principals, Agents, and Motivation
49
6 Philosophical Critiques
59
III THE MISMEASURE OF ALL THINGS? Case Studies
7 Colleges and Universities
67
8 Schools
89
9 Medicine
103
10 Policing
125
11 The Military
131
12 Business and Finance
137
13 Philanthropy and Foreign Aid
153
EXCURSUS
14 When Transparency Is the Enemy of Performance: Politics, Diplomacy, Intelligence, and Marriage
159
IV CONCLUSIONS
15 Unintended but Predictable Negative Consequences
169
16 When and How to Use Metrics: A Checklist
175
Acknowledgments
185
Notes
189
Index
213
18.222.118.14