Formal Versus Informal Development

Traditionally, development metrics have focused on formal development activities, primarily training. However, at least as much, and often more, development in organizations occurs through informal learning activities. Some of these nontraining developmental programs include:

• On-the-job training (OJT).

• Coaching.

• Formal mentoring program.

• Self-directed learning.

• Job rotations.

• Project assignments.

• Computer-based training.

• Conference attendance.

• Tuition reimbursement.

As we shall see, programs like these present what might be the toughest challenge in measuring development.

Given these considerations, a viable definition of development can now be offered: Development includes all activities in which employees and organizations engage to increase the competence and expertise of employees for the purpose of improving individual and organizational performance.