Abbreviations
| 2WD | 2-wheel drive |
| 4WD | 4-wheel drive |
| AC | alternating current |
| AFR | air-fuel ratio |
| Ah | amp-hour |
| AMT | automated manual transmission |
| AT | automatic transmission |
| BAS | belted alternator starter |
| BD | block diagram |
| BDC | bottom dead centre |
| BLDC | brushless DC |
| BMEP | brake mean effective pressure |
| BMS | battery management system |
| BSFC | brake specific fuel consumption |
| CAFE | corporate average fuel economy |
| CI | compression ignition |
| CO2 | carbon dioxide |
| COP | conformity of production |
| CPP | constant power performance |
| CSM | charge sustaining mode |
| CTP | constant torque performance |
| CVT | continuously variable transmission |
| DC | direct current |
| DCT | dual clutch transmission |
| deg. | degree |
| DOF | degree of freedom |
| DOH | degree of hybridization |
| EC | eddy current |
| ECU | engine control unit |
| EFCC | Efficient Fuel Consumption Curve |
| EGR | exhaust gas recirculation |
| EM | electric motor |
| EMS | engine management system |
| EOP | engine operating point |
| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
| EREV | extended range electric vehicle |
| EUDC | extra-urban European driving cycle |
| EV | electric vehicle |
| FBD | free body diagram |
| FC | fuel consumption |
| FCVs | fuel cell vehicles |
| FEAD | front engine accessory drive |
| FEM | finite elements methods |
| FTP | Federal Test Procedure |
| FTP | fixed throttle performance |
| FWD | front wheel drive |
| GDI | gasoline direct injection |
| HC | hydrocarbons |
| HCCI | homogeneous charge compression ignition |
| HEV | hybrid electric vehicle |
| IC | internal combustion |
| ICE | internal combustion engine |
| IMEP | indicated mean effective pressure |
| I/O | input/output |
| ISG | integrated starter-generator |
| ISO | International Standard Organization |
| IVT | infinitely variable transmission |
| kg/J | kilogram per joule |
| kWh | kW-hour |
| l | litre |
| LCV | low carbon vehicle |
| LS | low speed |
| MAP | manifold absolute pressure |
| MC | motor controller |
| MCU | motor control unit |
| MG | motor/generator |
| MPa | mega Pascal |
| MPD | mechanical power distribution |
| MPI | multi-point (port) injection |
| MT | Magic Torque (formula) |
| MT | manual transmission |
| NEDC | New European Driving Cycle |
| NOx | oxides of nitrogen |
| NRF | no-resistive-force |
| NVH | noise, vibration and harshness |
| OOL | optimal operating line |
| PCP | pedal cycle performance |
| PGS | planetary gear set |
| PHEV | plug-in hybrid electric vehicle |
| PID | proportional integral derivative |
| PSD | power split device |
| RMS | root mean square |
| rpm | revs per minute |
| RWD | rear wheel drive |
| SCU | supervisory control unit |
| SFG | single flow graph |
| SI | spark-ignition |
| SOC | state of charge |
| SPH | series-parallel hybrid |
| TA | type approval |
| TAD | torque amplification device |
| TBI | throttle body injection |
| TC | torque converter |
| TDC | top dead centre |
| THS | Toyota Hybrid System |
| TPS | throttle position sensor |
| VVT | variable valve timing |
| Wh | Watt-hour |
| WOT | wide-open throttle |