1. When using languages that are considered verbose, the programmer must write a lot of code to accomplish only minor functionality. Such code is called boilerplate.
2. Tree shaking is a term for dead-code elimination.
3. Essentially to polyfill or patch code.
4. To deliver a native application experience online.
5. Handle the automation of code.
6. Gulp, Mocha and Karma.
7. ECMAScript 2015, CommonJS and AMD.