Index

Page numbers in italics refer to figures.

A

adaptation of existing buildings 67–72, 171–8

AfricaZED 133–40

agricultural waste 59–63, 77, 131

air change rate 16, 28–9, 97

air pollution 8, 64, 155

air quality 16, 28

airflow around buildings 17

air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) 57, 105

airtightness 16, 97

anaerobic digestion 20–1, 81, 124

B

batteries 43–6 (see also lithium batteries)

charging stations 54–6, 79–80, 110, 111

exchangeable 43–6, 131, 134, 135, 136, 139

management systems 102, 135, 136

BedZED 2, 16, 17, 18–19, 28, 189–200

biochar fertiliser 62, 77

biogas 59–63, 64–5, 81, 124, 131

biomass 19–21, 131

gasification 20, 66, 197

land footprint 9, 64, 196–7

black water 80

building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) 35–8, 45, 56, 58, 68, 76, 98, 158

building materials see materials

building orientation 16

building re-use 171–8

building-level energy systems 57–8, 187 (see also building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV))

C

capital costs 89, 93

car parks

building over 107–18

land use 51

carbon char 59, 66

carbon footprint 5, 6, 13, 19, 173

carbon neutral 5

carbon offsets 6

carbon payback period 13–14, 35, 176

carbon savings 167

carbon sequestration 6, 59, 66, 77

ceiling blocks 28

ceiling insulation 96

CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) 203

CHP (combined heat and power) 20, 77, 196, 197

climate change 3, 7

adaptation 23–6

art 148–53

climate neutral 5, 13–14

Code for Sustainable Homes 1, 88

coefficient of performance (COP) 204

combined heat and power (CHP) 20, 77, 196, 197

communal rainwater storage 80

communal services 78–81, 124

communal space 110, 111, 115, 117, 139, 146, 157–8, 183, 185

community wind turbines 21, 43

containerised toilet block 124

cooling, solar assisted see solar cooling

cooling load 27, 176

coolth recovery 16

coolth storage 75

COP (coefficient of performance) 204

cross-ventilation 17, 37, 176

cycle superhighways 49 (see also electric bikes (e-bikes))

D

Dalian Eco-town, China 156–8

daylighting 37, 39

decentralisation 12–13

dehumidification 58, 79

district-level energy systems 59–66, 98–100

district cooling 78

district heating 64, 65

E

earth-sheltered dwellings 121, 127–31

eco towns 90, 156

ecology 7, 175

economic analysis 89, 93, 198 (see also capital costs)

electric bikes (e-bikes) 47–50

electric vehicle charging 54–6, 110, 111, 115, 136

electricity demand reduction 18, 102, 194

electricity grid exports 13, 42, 80, 101

electricity load 98

Elion master plan 161–3, 166

embodied carbon 5, 14, 19, 176

emergency housing 119–26

energy demand reduction 18, 194–5

energy hubs 79–80, 132, 137–9

energy performance 6, 14–16, 26, 95–7, 109

Energy Wall 158

environmental sustainability 11–12

EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) 76, 204

EPS (expanded polystyrene) 95–6

evacuated tube solar thermal collectors 36, 58, 58, 76, 183

existing building adaptation 67–72, 171–8

expanded polystyrene (EPS) 95–6

EXPO ZEDpavilion 141–53

external insulation 67, 95, 104

F

fabric insulation 14–16, 26, 67, 95–7

feed-in tariffs (FITs) 93, 100–1, 101, 204

floating pontoons 24–6

flood prevention and control 23–4, 80–1

floor insulation 95–6

flooring 28

food production 77, 125, 166, 175

food waste 59–63, 81

fossil fuels 3

foundation system 75

fracking 88

fresh air rate 16, 28–9

fuel cells 21, 60, 62, 63

furniture from reclaimed materials 146, 147

G

glazing 14–15, 16, 98

global equity 8–9

green roofs 156–8, 166

green spaces 18, 156–60, 183 (see also rooftop parks)

greenhouse gases 11

grey water 73–4, 80, 81

grid exports 13, 42, 80, 101

ground floor slab insulation 95–6

GS Korea 163–5

H

habitat creation 129, 175

Hastings Zero Bills Homes 102–6

HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons) 203

health and wellbeing 8, 175

heat island effect 155

heat recovery 16, 28–9 (see also mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR))

heating, solar assisted 57–8

heating load 28, 96, 176

heritage buildings 67–8, 82

HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) 203

holiday park 127–31

hot water demand 93, 98

hot water heating 29, 57, 58, 71, 109

hotel accommodation 129

housing conversion from office buildings 68–72

housing densities 89, 90, 156, 191, 193

housing development 82, 83, 192

hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) 203

hydroelectric generation 131

hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 203

hydrogen gas 21, 59, 60, 77

hydropower 21, 23

I

ice-slurry production 78

incineration 64, 65

insulation 14–16, 26, 95–7

external 67, 95, 104

materials 15, 26, 95

integrated design 26

internet hubs 81

interstitial condensation 26, 95

J

Jingdezhen Ceramic Centre 179–87

L

land footprint 7, 9, 64, 196–7

landfill methane 64–5

landscape protection 82

lifecycle carbon 13–14, 19, 176

lifecycle costs 98, 99, 100

lifestyle 12, 102, 142, 169, 191

lithium batteries 43

lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries 44–5, 100, 102, 109, 134, 135, 136

live/work village 129

load matching 100, 102, 196

local energy production 6, 12–13 (see also energy hubs; microgeneration)

local manufacture and employment 134, 136, 139, 142, 175

local sanitation hub 80

local showrooms and contractors 80

locally sourced food 175

locally sourced materials 19, 174–5

low-carbon transport 47–56, 174

M

market opportunities 88–9

materials 28

locally sourced 19, 174–5

reclaimed 7–8, 81, 146, 147

vapour permeable 26, 95, 104

MCS (Microgeneration Certification Scheme) 39, 204

mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR) 29, 99, 105

microgeneration 12–13, 20–3, 42, 131 (see also biogass; biomass; hydroelectric generation; solar electric; wind turbines)

mineral wool insulation 95

mixed-use development 127–31, 158, 163, 184, 196

mortgageability 95

multi plate pipe structure 121, 122

MVHR (mechanical ventilation with heat recovery) 29, 99, 105

N

National Biomass Quota 191

natural capital 7

natural ventilation 27–8, 29

neighbourhood services 78–81

Newport Eco Village 89–100

night cooling and ventilation 27–8

nuclear power 4, 88, 191

O

ODP (ozone depleting potential) 203

off-grid homes 111, 139

office building conversion to housing 68–72

One Planet Business Centre 171–8

organic waste 59–63, 77, 131

orientation of building 16

OSB (orientated strand board) 93, 94, 97, 98, 204

ozone depleting potential (ODP) 203

P

parking lots, building over 107–18

passive cooling 17, 27–8

passive slab foundation 95–6

passive solar design 6, 16, 28

paving systems 75

pedestrian space 78, 104, 146, 154, 156, 183, 185

permeable street surface 75

pollution reduction 8

prefabricated construction 95, 104, 109, 134, 198

pumped water storage 131

purge ventilation 27–8

pyrolysis 59–63, 77, 131

Q

quality of life 191

R

rainscreens 35, 58, 67

rainwater harvesting 19, 73–6, 123

rainwater storage 80–1, 110

reclaimed materials 7–8, 81, 146, 147

recreational facilities 129

refrigeration 79, 124

refurbishment 67–72, 171–8

regeneration project 179–86

renewable energy 19–23, 31, 176 (see also biogas; biomass; hydroelectric generation; solar electric; wind turbines)

renovation 67–72, 171–8

resources consumption 7–8

retrofit 67–72, 171–8

roof gardens 76, 156–8, 172

roofs, solar see ZEDroof

rooftop parks 156–60

rural/urban symbiosis 63

S

sanitation 121, 124

sewage composting 80

Shanghai EXPO ZEDpavilion 141–53

Shoreham Cement Works 127–31

show home 82, 83

social equity 8–9

solar canopies 38–40, 75, 77–8

solar cooling 36, 57–8, 75, 166, 183

solar electric 14, 35–42, 183

with battery storage 102, 109 (see also solar-charged exchangeable batteries)

emergency housing 124

Energy Wall 158

and homes/ha 89

local energy hubs 79–80, 132, 137–9

PV array sizing 101–2

solar gain 28

solar roofs see ZEDroof

solar shading 16, 28

solar thermal 36, 57–8, 167, 168

solar trees 41–2

solar-charged exchangeable batteries 43–6, 131, 134, 135, 136, 139

Somalia’s IDPs 119–26

steel portal frames 134

stone gabion 7, 9, 40, 121, 122

street canopies 38–40, 75, 77–8

sunspaces 16, 17, 28

surface water drainage 80–1

sustainability 11–12

swimming ponds 129

T

technologies and strategy 14

thermal mass 15, 27–8, 97

thermal storage 75

Tidelion cellular water storage tanks 80–1

timber frame construction 93–4, 95, 104

Tongshan 156–8

trade in zero-carbon technologies 88–9

transport

charging stations 53–6, 110, 111, 115, 136

covered routes 78

grams of carbon emitted for each mode 50

ZEDbike 47–50

ZEDtrike 50–2

TÜV (Technical Business Association) 39, 203–4

U

unregulated loads 98

upgrading see retrofit

urban aerodynamics 17

urban heat island 17

urban regeneration 179–86

urban/rural symbiosis 63

U-values 14, 26, 96, 203

V

vapour permeable materials 26, 95, 104

vegetation 18

vehicle charging stations 53–6, 110, 111, 115, 136

ventilation 16

air change rates 16, 28–9, 97

cross-ventilation 17, 37, 176

with heat recovery 29, 99, 105

natural 27–8, 29

night cooling and ventilation 27–8

wind-driven 29

VOCs (volatile organic compounds) 203

W

walkable neighbourhoods 146

waste incineration 64, 65

waste reduction see zero waste

waste water heat recovery 29

waste water recycling 73–4

water demand reduction 18–19

water pollution 80

water re-use 73–4

water storage 74–6, 80–1, 110

water supplies 73 (see also rainwater harvesting)

condensate 79

emergency housing 121

water treatment 80

wind turbines 14, 21, 43, 191

windows 98 (see also glazing)

wood fuel 9, 19, 20, 66

wood gasification and pyrolysis 20

wood pellets 19, 20, 66

wood-burning stoves 19, 20

woodchip boilers 19, 20

WWF 12 Principles 173

Z

ZED development strategy 82

ZEDbike 47–50

ZEDcafe 146

ZEDfactory 1

ZEDhub 134

ZEDpavilion 141–53

ZEDpods 107–18

ZEDroof 35–42, 104–5, 109, 110, 134, 139

ZEDstreet 68, 77–81

ZEDtrike 50–2

Zero Bills Home 39, 86, 87–105

construction system 93

economic analysis 89, 93, 100

energy systems 98, 100

fabric energy performance 95–7

going off-grid 100–1

Hastings development 102–6

load and self-consumption rates 102

Newport Eco Village 89–93

zero waste 167, 173–4

zero-carbon urbanism 31