Index
Symbols
! 194
-- 186
!= 191
" 25
# 597
%= 182
& 194
&& 196
&= 195
( 597
() 558
*= 182
+ concatenation 446
++ 186
+= 182
, 597
.. 470
/* and */ 26
/** and */ 27
// 26
/= 182
<= 190
<> 664
-= 182
== 191
> 190
>= 190
?: 201
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") 726
∧= 195
∣= 195
∥ 196
’ 23
Numerics
0 597
2's complement 1010
A
abstract
classes 135
interfaces 135
methods 150
abstract data type 662
abstract method declarations in interfaces 310
abstract pathnames 469
anonymous classes 380
local classes 372
modifiers 132
non-static member classes 362
package 132
private 143
protected 141
public 139
static member classes 357
UML 139
accessibility modifiers 40, 48
activation record
see method execution 235
actual parameter 81
actual type parameters 665
adding to class 284
additive operators 180
hierarchy 287
see also references
ambiguous call 324
analyzing program code 854
anchoring 557
anchors 557
annotations
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") 726
anonymous arrays 74
[] 74
event listeners 377
anti-symmetric 766
Apostrophe 24
appending elements 805
argument
see actual parameter
argument index 595
arguments to main method 95
ArithmeticException 241
array creation expression 70, 74
array initializer block 74
array list 806
array operations 790
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException 73, 241
{} 71
anonymous 74
array creation expression 70
array name 70
array size 71
collection operations 790
declarations 70
dynamic 806
element default value 318
element type 70
index expression 72
iterating over 220
length 69
multidimensional 76
objects 424
ragged 76
searching 843
sorting 842
subtype covariance 317
multidimensional 76
assert statement 265
see assertions 265
see also assertions 265
assert statement 265
compiling 267
conditional compilation 275
control flow invariants 274
enabling and disabling 269
internal invariants 273
postconditions 275
preconditions 275
using 272
assignment
widening reference 679
widening reference conversions 287
assignment compatible 164, 322
assignment conversions 164
assignments
cascading 170
expression statement 170
implicit narrowing 171
multiple 170
numeric conversions 171
primitive values 169
references 169
asynchronous 615
attributes see properties
autoboxing 430
automatic garbage collection 6, 390
automatic variables see local variables
automaton 554
B
Backslash 24
Backspace 24
backtracking 559
bags 796
base class 284
basic collection operations 784
basic map operations 821
binary
numbers 1005
numeric promotion 166
operators 167
binary numbers 1005
binary representation
see binary values
binary search
arrays 843
lists 840
bit patterns 1010
blocked for I/O state 635
blocked for join completion state 635
blocked for lock acquisition state 635
blocking operations 476
catch 246
scope 131
try 245
Boolean
conditional expression 204
boolean conversion 598
Boolean wrapper class 437
casting 165
expressions 190
literals 23
boundary matchers 557
bounded type parameters constraint 684
bounded wildcard 675
bounds constraint 684
boxing
for(:) statement 221
boxing conversions 162
BS see Backspace
buckets 760
buffering streams 479
builder tools 41
building abstractions 10
bulk map operations 822
bulk operations on collections 785
byte code 15
byte streams 468
C
C 151
C++ 151
cache 153
Calendar 536
calendar 539
constants 538
factory methods 537
field numbers 537
field values 538
call chaining 81
call stack
see runtime stack 235
call-by-reference 86
call-by-value 86
callee 81
caller 81
canonical path 471
capture of 703
cascading assignments 170
cascading if-else statements 207
case-sensitivity 20
cast 730
cast operator 161, 164, 166, 328
casting 164
see also conversions
catch block 246
catch-and-throw paradigm 235
catching exceptions 235
ceiling entry 828
ceiling key 828
chained streams 468
chaining 416
finalizers 397
new operator 365
changing list contents 841
char 29
character
non-delimiter 575
regular expression 554
character class 555
predefined 557
character conversion 598
character encoding 488
see also character sets
character sequences
see strings and string builders
character set
Character wrapper class 436
character-based device
console 500
characters 29
literals 23
searching for 448
checked exceptions 243
child class 284
choosing between String and StringBuilder class 456
Class class 425
class file 15
class literals 733
class method 10
class modifiers 40
class path
absolute pathnames 119
entries order 119
entry-separator character 119
fully qualified package name 119
path-separator character 119
relative pathnames 119
search in a named package 118
searching for classes 117
searching in JAR files 121
white space 120
wild card * 121
class path wildcard 121
class search path
see class path
class variable 10
classes
abstract 135
adding to 284
anonymous 377
base 284
body 40
child 284
cohesion 346
coupling 346
declaration context 353
derived 284
encapsulation 345
file name 356
final 136
final vs. abstract 137
fully qualified name 117
fully qualified package name 106
generalized 286
grouping 105
header 40
inner 352
instance members 40
instances 4
local 371
members 7
methods 147
modifiers 135
name 105
nested see nested classes
normal 135
Object 424
on-the-fly 352
parent 284
runtime 425
scope 129
searching for 117
specialized 286
top-level 352
variables 147
ClassLoader class 424
ClassNotFoundException 241
CLASSPATH environment variable
see class path
-classpath option
see class path
cleaning up 392
clean-up code 252
client 15
Cloneable interface 425
cloning objects 425
code optimizations 149
cohesion 346
coincidental 346
functional 346
high 346
coincidental cohesion 346
Collection interface 779
array operations 790
ArrayList 806
Cloneable 780
customizing 838
data structures 782
elements 777
HashSet 796
iterators 785
LinkedList 806
List 806
lists 804
map views 822
maximum 841
minimum 841
NavigableSet 800
optional operations 784
retaining elements 785
Serializable 780
shuffle elements 839
sorted 780
textual representation 788
TreeMap 828
unordered 780
unsupported operations 821
utility methods 778
Vector 806
collections framework 777
Collections utility class 838, 840
command
java 17
javac 16
Comma-Separated-Value 611
comments 26
common memory space 614
Comparable interface 765
compareTo 765
comparator 765
Comparator interface
compare 771
see also equality
comparison 190
compilation unit 106
compile pattern 554
complete methods 149
completes abruptly
see exception propagation 238
composite object 10
compound assignment operators 182
compound statement 45
computerized scientific notation 599
concatenation 558
concatenation of strings 446
concatenation operator 185
concrete parameterized types 674
concrete types 674
concurrent activities 614
ConcurrentModificationException 787, 788
conditional 190
and 196
or 196
statements 204
conditional expression
Boolean 204
conditions 190
congruent 766
connecting punctuation 20
Console 594
console 500
formatted prompting 502
formatted values 492
reading password 501
const 21
constant declarations 310
constants 314
constituent objects 10
constituents 12
constraints
forward reference 702
constructor chaining 303, 306, 416
accessibility 139
accessibility modifier 48
body 48
class name 48
declaration 40
default 49
header 48
implicit default 49
local declarations 48
overloading 51
constructs 20
high-level 20
loops see iteration statements
synchronized blocks 629, 630, 631
containers 680
context switching 614
continue statement 226
contracting lists 805
assert 265
continue 226
do-while 217
for(:) 220
for(;;) 218
if 204
if-else 205
iteration see iteration statements
loops see iteration statements
return 228
switch 207
throw 255
transfer statements 223
while 217
control flow invariants 274
control transfer 223
conversion categories 163
see formatting conversions
conversion contexts 163
assignment 164
contexts 163
identity 183
implicit narrowing 183
method invocation 164
narrowing reference 328, 679, 703
numeric promotions 165
parameters 82
reference casting 327
string concatenation 185
to strings 450
truncation 172
type safe 323
unsafe casts 329
widening reference 287, 328, 679
converting number systems 1006, 1008
core interfaces 778
Core Map Interfaces 782
counter-controlled loops 218
country codes 532
coupling 346
loose 346
covariant return 290
-cp option
see class path
CR see Carriage return
crab 220
creating
files and directories 473
objects 201
threads 615
CSV 611
formatting 546
currency symbol 20
current directory 469
· 117
empty string 469
current object 45
cursor 806
D
-D option
see properties
-d option 115
dangling references 390
data structures 782
data types see types
Date 535
epoch 535
formatting 542
lenient 544
date formatting
static factory methods 541
styles 542
date/time composition conversions 600
date/time conversions 600
DateFormat 541
dates 532
dead state 635
deadlocks 651
decimal places 599
declaration statements 219
enums 104
interfaces 104
local 45
main method 95
methods 44
statements 45
variables see variable declarations
declaring see declarations
decoupling 341
decrement operator 186
deep copying 425
default
constructor 49
exception handler 239
default
label 208
default package 106
definitions
inheritance 313
interfaces 310
delegating requests 345
deleting files or directories 474
delimiter pattern 574
derived class 284
deserialization of objects 510
destination directory 115
destination object 593
destination of data 468
destroying objects 396
destructive collection operations 785
developer exam 856
diagrams
class 3
object 5
see also UML
dictionary 780
dictionary order 445
difference 796
see also files 474
directory permissions 472
disjunct collections 798
disposal of resources 393
dividend 178
division
floating-point 178
integer 178
division operator / 178
divisor 178
documentation 26
documentation comment 26
tags 27
documenting see documentation
dot 105
double quote 24
do-while statement 217
downcasting 161
duplicating objects 425
dynamic method lookup 295, 340, 341
dynamic type 288
dynamically resizable arrays 806
E
element type 70
elements of collections 777
eligible for garbage collection 391
else clause matching 207
empty set 796
empty statement 45
encapsulation of implementation 345
encoding of characters 488
see also end of stream
end of stream 482, 489, 496, 497, 510
engine 554
enhanced for loop 216
entering shared resource 626
entry set 821
enum type
finalization 397
static member type 355
enum types
nested 355
enumerated type
switch expression 207
enumerated types 211
EOFException 241
epoch 535
object value 193
objects 193
primitive values 191
reference values 192
equivalence relation 754
equivalent collections 798
of the supertype method 721
same 721
escape sequences 24
arithmetic expressions 174
evaluation short-circuits 197
event 42
event listeners
anonymous classes 377
event model 42
exam 851
exam voucher 852
Exception class 241
exception handler 235
see also exceptions
ExceptionInInitializerError 243
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException 73
ClassCastException 329
ClassNotFoundException 512
ConcurrentModificationException 787
default handler 239
EOFException 480
FileNotFoundException 478
handler 235
ignored 396
IllegalThreadStateException 615
IndexOutOfBoundsException 443, 805
IOException 475
NumberFormatException 430
situations 240
StringIndexOutOfBoundsException 449, 457, 458
throw 255
throwing see throwing exceptions
thrown by JVM 241
thrown by method 44
thrown programmatically 241
types 239
uncaught 239
unchecked 244
UnsupportedOperationException 784
exchanging information 81
execution paths 614
exiting a shared resource 626
explicit
garbage collection 398
referencing 373
exponent 22
expression statements 45, 170, 219, 220
expressions 208
actual parameters 81
assert 265
boolean 190
case labels 208
conditional 201
deterministic evaluation 166
label 208
return 228
statements 45
extending
classes 284
interfaces 313
Thread 619
bounded type parameters 684
constraint 684
extends clause 284
interfaces 310
extensions
.class 15
.java 15
external encoding 488
external libraries 410
extracting substrings 449
F
fall through 208
false literal 23
FF see Form feed
field declarations 40
field initialization 416
field numbers 537
field values 538
file 766
File class 468
file permissions 472
file streams 477
file system 468
access 472
aliases 475
binary 480
creating 473
deleting 474
entries 473
existence 472
modification time 471
name 470
name filter 473
not found 478
path 470
renaming 474
size 471
streams 477
text 494
filter streams 479
filtering file names 473
filters 468
final
classes 136
members 148
parameters 89
finalization mechanism 391
finalize method 396
finalize method 425
finalizer 396
finalizer chaining 397
first map entry 827
fixed arity method 90
fixed text 594
floating-point 28
double 29
float 29
literals 22
floating-point arithmetic 176
strictfp 177
floating-point conversions 599
computerized scientific notation 599
decimal format 599
decimal places 599
general scientific notation 599
hexadecimal exponential format 599
significant digits 599
floating-point data types 22
floating-point division 178
floating-point remainder 179
floor entry 828
floor key 828
flow control see control flow
for(:) statement 220
for(;;) statement 218
collections 787
iterator 787
traverse collections 788
for-each loop 216
formal parameter
modifier 44
name 44
type 44
formal parameters 44, 48, 81, 131, 323
formal type parameter 663
formal type parameter list 40, 44
format exceptions 601
argument index 595
formatting conversions 595
precision 596
width 596
format string 594
fixed text 594
format specifier 594
formatted prompting 502
formatted values 492
Console 501
Formatter 593
formatter 602
destination object 593
fixed text 594
format specifier 594
format string 594
formatting 26
formatting conversions 595, 596
boolean conversion 598
character conversion 598
date/time composition conversions 600
floating-point conversions 599
general conversions 597
hash code conversion 598
integral conversions 598
string conversion 598
forward reference 702
fractional signed numbers 28
framework for collections 777
fully qualified class name 117
fully qualified names 315
fully qualified package name 106
fully qualified type name 105, 109
functional cohesion 346
G
gain lock ownership 627
general abstractions 286
general contract
compareTo() 766
equals() 754
hashCode() 761
general conversions 597
boolean conversions 598
hash code conversions 598
string conversions 598
general loops 218
general scientific notation 599
generalization 10
generalized classes 286
generic instance method 700
generic interface 666
generic method 699
calling 700
generic method call
inference 700
generic static method 700
generic subtype method 721
generic type 663
extending 668
implementing 695
generics
arrays 726
casting 724
class literals 733
collections 672
constructors 697
enums 733
exception handling 730
inherited methods 721
instanceof 723
JVM 662
method signature 716
nested classes 731
non-reifiable types 723
subsignature 716
var-args 729
wildcards 673
get operation 680
getter method 41
grammar rules 20
greedy quantifiers 559
grep 610
group logical operator 558
grouping 105
groups of objects 777
GUI applications 615
H
handles see references
has-a relationship 287
hash code conversions 598
hash codes 424
hash function 760
hash value 760
Hashing 760
HashSet 796
head map view 827
heap 390
hexadecimal exponential format
hexadecimal format 598
hexadecimal numbers 1005
hiding internals 345
high cohesion 346
higher entry 828
higher key 828
Horizontal tab 24
HT see Horizontal tab
I
I/O buffering 479
I/O package 468
identifiers 20
predefined 20
reserved 20
variable 31
identity of object 5
if-else statement 205
ignored exceptions 396
illegal thread state 615
IllegalArgumentException 242
immediate superclass 305
immediately enclosing instance 352
implementation 2
implementation inheritance 284
collections 778
inheritance hierarchy 137
implementations of collections 780
implementing
Comparable 765
Comparator 771
interfaces 312
implements clause 312
implicit
inheritance 284
narrowing conversions 183
implicit default constructor 49
import
declaration 108
single-type-import declaration 108
statement 104
type-import-on -demand declaration 108
see also static import
importing
enum constants 111
nested static types 113
nested types 357
reference types 107
static members 109
increment expression 218
increment operator 186
independent lifetimes 287
index 69
index bounds 805
index expression 72
IndexOutOfBoundsException 443, 805
individual array elements 72
inequality 191
see also equality
infinite loop 220
infinity 176
negative 176
positive 176
information hiding 345
serialization 519
supertype-subtype relationship 287
initial state of object 416
code 72
default values 33
for statement 218
objects 5
references 32
variables 31
initializer expressions 406
initializers 406
declaration-before-reading rule 407
initializing see initialization
inner classes 352
synchronization 630
input 468
input stream 468
InputStream class 475
instance
variable initialization 33
see also object
instance initializer block 40, 413
instance methods 6
instanceof operator 201, 327, 328
anonymous classes 380
local classes 374
non-static member classes 360
parameterized type 665
static member classes 355
integer arithmetic 175
Integer data types 22
integer division 178
integer remainder operation 179
integers 28
byte 28
data types 29
int 28
literals 22
long 28
representation 1010
short 28
types 29
integral conversions 598
decimal format 598
hexadecimal format 598
octal conversions 598
integrity (maintaining) 627
interface constant antipattern 110
interface-based 780
interfaces 309
abstract 135
accessibility 132
body 310
collection core 777
declarations 104
extending 313
header 310
implementing 379
initialization 419
references 314
top-level 352
variables 314
internal invariants 273
internationalization 532
interned 432
inter-package accessibility 346
interpreter 16
intervals 556
intra-class dependencies 346
invocation
parameterized type 665
invocation stack
see runtime stack 235
invoking garbage collection 398
IOError 243
IOException 241
is-a relationship 286, 287, 344
Iterable 788
iteration statements 216
next iteration 226
iterators 785
fail-fast 787
ordered collection 789
sorted collection 789
unordered collection 789
J
JAR file 120
libraries 121
Java
Native Interface see JNI
java 17
-disableassertions or -da 269
-disablesystemassertions or -dsa 272
-enableassertions or -ea 269
-enablesystemassertions or -esa 272
Java byte code 15
Java compiler 16
Java Native Interface see JNI
Java Virtual Machine see JVM
JavaBeans 41
event model 42
events 42
getter methods 41
listener 42
naming patterns 41
properties 41
setter methods 41
source 42
JavaBeans Standard 41
javac 16
javadoc comment 26
javadoc utility 27
JDK 16
JNI 152
joining threads 637
JVM 16
K
key insertion order 823
key objects 780
key sorting 826
keys 821
keywords 20
assert 265
boolean 30
byte 28
case 207
catch 246
char 29
const 21
continue 226
default 208
do 217
double 29
else 205
extends 284, 675, 682, 684, 685
finally 251
float 29
if 204
implements 312
import 108
int 28
interface 310
long 28
native 151
new see new operator
null 328
package 106
private 143
protected 141
public 139
reserved words 21
return 228
short 28
strictfp 177
switch 207
throw 255
throws 257
transient 152
try 245
unused words 21
volatile 153
while 217
L
labeled break statement 225
break 225
case 207
default 208
expressions 208
labeled statement 223
switch statement 207
language codes 532
last map entry 827
lazy quantifier 560
least significant bit 1010
left
associativity 167
left-most bit 1010
legacy class 662
legacy supertypes 719
legal assignments 322
length method 443
length of file 471
lenient 544
lexical analyzer 571
lexical tokens 20
LF see Linefeed
libraries 410
lifetime 391
see scope 35
line terminator 25
linear implementation inheritance 286
Linefeed 24
line-oriented 581
lines of text 494
line-separator 491
LinkageError 242
linked data structures 662
linked list 806
listener 42
listing directory entries 473
binary search 840
changing contents 841
iterators 806
positional 780
sublist 805
literals 21
boolean 23
character 23
default type 22
double 22
escape sequences 24
false 23
float 22
floating-point 22
integer 22
null 21
predefined 21
quoting 23
scientific notation 22
string 25
suffix 22
true 23
litmus test
design by inheritance 286
live threads 636
local 34
chaining of constructors 303, 416
classes 371
local variable declarations 48
country codes 532
country name 533
language codes 532
language name 533
predefined 533
locale-sensitive 532
localization 532
locations
see class path
locks
class 626
object 626
logical AND 558
&194
logical complement
! 194
logical exclusive OR
∧ 194
logical inclusive OR
∣ 194
logical operator 558
empty string 558
quantifiers 558
repetition operators 558
logical OR 558
logical XOR
∧ 194
suffix 22
longest possible match 559
lookahead 572
lookahead methods 573
lookahead-and-parse loop 572
loop condition 216
loops see iteration statements
loose coupling 346
loss of precision 160
lower bound 675
lower bounded wildcard
? super T 676
lower bounded wildcard references 683
lower entry 828
lower key 828
M
magnitude 160
modifiers 95
main thread 615
maintaining integrity 627
manifest constant 148
manifest file
see JAR utility 120
manipulating 539
many-to-one relation 821
map views 822
mappings 780
see entries 780
access order 823
entries 780
key insertion order 823
mappings 780
multimap 702
ordering mode 823
submap view 827
match-and-replace loop 570
match-and-replace mode 567
lockstep 570
non-terminal append-and-replace step 570
terminal append-and-replace step 570
Matcher 566
matcher
lockstep 567
match-and-replace loop 570
match-and-replace mode 567
one-shot matching 566
reset 567
substrings 568
successive matching 567
Math class 47
mathematical set 796
MAX_VALUE constant 433
access 45
default values 33
final 148
inheritance 284
instance 40
modified 284
modifiers 146
of objects 7
scope 129
short-hand 46
terminology 10
variables see fields
memory management 390
message
receiver 7
metacharacters 555
escaping 561
method
native 258
non-varargs 93
varargs 93
method declarations 40
method invocation conversions 164, 323
method modifiers 44
method overriding 288, 292, 418
methods 3
@Override 289
abstract 150
abstract method declarations 310
accessibility 44
ambiguous call 324
automatic variables see local variables
blocks 44
bridge 716
call chaining 81
call see method call
calling varargs method 91
chained 447
clone 425
dynamic lookup 341
exceptions 44
fixed arity 90
formal type parameter list 44
generic 699
getClass 425
header 44
implementation 150
invocation see method call
local declarations 44
local variables
main see main method
method invocation conversions 323
modifiers 44
most specific 324
mutually exclusive 629
name 81
native 151
objects 45
overloaded resolution 324
overloading see method overloading
overriding see method overriding
overriding vs. overloading 292
parameters 44
recursive 243
return 228
return value 44
subsignature 718
termination 228
throws clause 257
toString 425
valueOf 450
variable arity 90
MIN_VALUE constant 433
minimizing overhead 392
modification time 471
modifiers
classes 135
final 148
members 146
native 151
static 147
strictfp 177
synchronized 150
transient 152
volatile 153
monitor 626
see locks
most significant bit 1010
most specific method 324
multidimensional arrays 76
multi-line mode 572
multimap 702
multiple assignments 170
multiple bounds 686
multiple implementation inheritance 309
multiple interface inheritance 309
multiple-line comment 26
multiplication operator
* 178
multiplicative operators 178
multisets 796
multitasking 614
multithreaded programming 614
mutable character sequences 456
mutex
see locks 626
mutually comparable 838, 840, 844
mutually exclusive
actions 206
locks 626
operations 627
MVC 346
N
name clash 721
named constants 148
names of files 470
namespaces 48
naming conventions of files 468
naming patterns 41
NaN 177
narrower range 160
narrowing conversions
primitive 160
reference 161
narrowing reference conversions 328, 679, 703
native libraries 410
header 151
navigable map 779
first entry 827
last entry 827
range-views 827
views 827
ceiling 802
floor 802
higher 802
iterator 802
lower 802
NavigableMap 827
NavigableSet 800
negation 556
negative zero 177
nested classes 352
anonymous 377
full name 356
generic 731
local 371
non-static member 359
static members 355
synchronization 630
nested parameterization 670
nested parameterized types 706
nested wildcards 678
new operator 4, 48, 70, 365, 377, 416
special form 361
Newline see Linefeed
NL see Newline
NoClassDefFoundError 243
node 662
non-associativity 167
non-metacharacters 555
non-runnable states 635
nonstatic code
see nonstatic context 40
nonstatic context 40
non-static field 10
non-static member classes full name 356
non-static type 665
non-terminal append-and-replace step 570
non-varargs method call 93
normal class 135
normal execution 237
null reference 21
nulling references 393
NullPointerException 242
Number class 433
currency 546
numbers 546
number formatting
factory methods 546
number systems
base 22
binary 1006
NumberFormat 546
NumberFormatException 242, 430
formatting 546
numeric promotions 165
assignment 171
binary 166
unary 165
numeric wrapper classes 433
O
object 4
object creation 519
object creation expression 185
object hierarchy 287
object lock
see locks 626
object-oriented design 345
cohesion 346
object-oriented programming 2
objects 13
alive 391
arrays 69
callee 81
caller 81
Class class 425
cleaning up 392
cloning 425
communication 81
composite 391
constructing 416
contract 345
creation 519
decoupling 341
deserialization 510
destroying 396
exchanging information 81
identity 5
immutable 428
implementation 345
initial state 416
initializer block 413
internals 345
lifetime 391
members 7
methods 45
Object class 424
outer 362
persistence 510
persistent 152
reachable 391
reading 510
resurrection 391
serialization 510
services 345
state see object state
streams 477
value equality 193
writing 510
octal conversions
octal format 598
octal numbers 1005
one-dimensional arrays 69
one-shot matching 566
on-the-fly classes 352
OOP 2
open range-view operations 805
operands 164
evaluation order 168
operations 2
operators 166
- 180
-- 186
! 194
% 178
%= 182
& 194
&& 196
&= 195
*= 182
++ 186
+= 182
/ 178
/= 182
< 190
<= 190
-= 182
= 169
> 190
>= 190
? : 201
∧ 194
∧= 195
∣ 194
∣= 195
∥ 196
associativity 166
binary 167
cast 166
comparisons 190
decrement 186
dot 7
equality 191
execution order 168
floating-point 176
floating-point division 178
floating-point remainder 179
increment 186
integer arithmetic 175
integer division 178
integer remainder 179
logical 194
multiplicative 178
new see new operator
overflow 176
postfix 167
precedence 166
relational 190
short-circuited 196
string concatenation 185
unary - 177
unary + 177
optional operations 784
ordering mode 823
out of bounds 805
outer object 362
output 468
output stream 468
OutputStream class 475
overloaded 175
overloaded method resolution 324
overloading 717
constructors 51
method resolution 324
overloading vs. overriding 292
override 259
see @Override
override-equivalent 717
overriding
@Override 718
finalizers 396
hashCode 760
override-equivalent 717
toString 185
overriding methods
covariant return 290
overriding vs. overloading 292
P
package accessibility 132, 139
package directory 115
packages 105
accessibility see package accessibility
declaration 104
definition 106
destination directory 115
hierarchy 105
java.io 468
java.lang 424
java.util 777
members 105
naming scheme 106
package directory 115
running code from 117
short-hand 108
statement see package statement unnamed 106
using 107
parameter
varargs 90
parameter list see formal parameters
parameter passing
by value 81
variable arity 90
as formal parameters 707
parameters 44
actual 81
array elements 87
final 89
fixed arity 90
formal see formal parameters
implicit 45
passing 81
primitives 82
references 84
this 45
variable arity 90
parent class 284
parent pathname 471
parentheses 166
parse method 572
parseType method 434
parsing
date/time 543
numbers 547
primitive values 576
parsing numeric values 434
partial implementation 312
partly synchronizing a method 630
pass by value 81
passing
parameters 81
references 84
variable arity parameters 90
passwords reading from console 501
path lists 469
path separator 468
paths
see class path
paths of execution 614
path-separator character 119
Pattern 562
pattern 554
application 563
compile 554
creating matcher 563
engine 554
see also regular expression
permutation 559
permute elements 839
persistence
see serialization
persistent objects 152
polymorphic method 699
polymorphism 319, 340, 345, 374
polynomial 764
positive zero 177
possessive quantifiers 560
postfix operators 167
precedence rules 167
preconditions 275
predefined identifiers 20
predefined literals 21
preempted threads 638
preemptive scheduling 638
primitive types 13
autoboxing 430
unboxing 431
see also primitive values
primitive values assignment 169
binary representation 479
equality 191
passing 82
print writers 490
priorities 638
priority heap 783
priority of thread 638
priority queue 783
private 11
private members 143
process-based multitasking 614
processes 614
program
application 15
arguments 95
compiling 16
correctness 638
formatting 26
performance 638
running 17
program arguments 95
programmer exam 851
promotion 165
-D option 122
see also class members
property
name 122
value 122
protected 11
protected members 141
public 16
public members 139
Q
quantifiers 558
questions 854
quote ' 23
quotient 178
R
race condition 627
radix
see base 431
ragged arrays 76
random access 806
random order 839
range 556
character values 29
floating-point values 29
integer values 28
raw types 670
unchecked warnings 670
readers 488
reading bytes 475
reading data 468
Ready-to-run state 634
reclaiming memory 390
record 611
fields 611
re-creating objects 510
recursive bound 713
reducing complexity 345
classes 40
enum types 55
reference values 4
reference variable 31
reference variables 4
abstract types 135
aliases 193
assignment 169
dangling 390
declared type 288
downcasting 161
dynamic type 288
equality 192
interface type 314
narrowing conversions 161
null see null reference
parameterized types 665
passing 84
raw types 682
upcasting 161
widening conversions 161
reflection 728
regular expression 554
anchoring 557
anchors 557
automaton 554
backtracking 559
boundary macthers 557
character 554
character class 555
concatenation 558
empty string 558
escaping metacharacters 561
greedy quatifiers 559
group logical operator 558
intersection 556
intervals 556
lazy quantifiers 560
logical AND 558
logical operator 558
logical OR 558
longest possible match 559
metacharacters 555
negation 556
non-metacharacters 555
possessive quantifiers 560
precedence of logical operators 558
quantifiers 558
range 556
reluctant quantifiers 560
reluctantness/laziness 560
sequence of characters 554
shortest possible match 560
simple class 556
subtraction 556
union 556
relational operators 190
relative pathnames 469
reluctant quantifiers 560
reluctantness/laziness 560
remainder 178
remainder operator
% 178
remove white space 449
renaming files or directories 474
repetition operators 558
replacing characters 448
reserved identifiers 20
reserved keywords 21
const 21
goto 223
reserved literals
false 23
null see null reference
true 23
reset 567
resources 392
resurrecting objects 391
retaining elements 785
return statement 228
return type
covariant
return value 7
rhyming order 772
right associativity 168
right-most bit 1010
ripple effect 345
role relationship 344
Round-Robin scheduling 638
Running state 635
runtime checks 164
Runtime class 424
runtime class 425
runtime environment 390
RuntimeException 241
S
scanner 571
delimiter pattern 574
exception handling 578
lexical analyzer 571
line-oriented 581
lockstep 572
lookahead 572
lookahead methods 573
lookahead-and-parse loop 572
parse method 572
parser 571
parsing next token 575
parsing primitive values 576
token pattern 574
tokenization 571
tokenizer 571
tokenizing mode 572
tokens 571
using delimiters and patterns 579
Scanner class 571
schedulers 638
scientific notation 22
scope 129
block 131
catch block 251
class 129
disjoint 132
search key 751
arrays 843
collections 840
searching in string 448
SecurityManager class 424
selection statements 204
self-referential data structure 662
semantic definition 20
semicolon 45
separators 468
sequence 779
sequential I/O 468
serialization
customizing 517
inheritance 519
transient fields 516
serialization of objects 510
services 345
set 779
capacity 797
load factor 797
set operation 680
setter method 41
shallow copying 425
shared resource 626
short-circuit 196
evaluation 197
shortest possible match 560
shuffle elements 839
significant digits 599
simple
assignment operator 169
if 204
statement 45
simple class 556
single implementation inheritance 286, 309, 313
single quote 24
single static import 109
single-line comment 26
single-quotes 23
single-valued maps 821
size of
file 471
skeletal source file 104
sleeping 640
comparator 827
comparator 801
half-open interval 801
sorting arrays 842
file name 104
file structure 104
source of data 468
spaces 25
spawning threads 615
special character values 24
specialization 11
specialized classes 286
delimiters 563
stack 3
stack frame
see method execution 236
stack trace 239
see method execution 236
StackOverflowError 243
standard error 499
standard input 499
standard output 499
starting threads 616
state see object state
statements 45
assert 265
break 224
compound 45
conditional 204
continue 226
control transfer 223
declarations 45
do-while 217
empty 45
expression 45
for(:) 220
for(;;) 218
if 204
if-else 205
iteration 216
labeled 223
return 228
selection 204
simple 45
simple if 204
switch 207
throw 255
transfer 223
while 217
static
initializer block 410
members see static members
variable initialization 33
variables see static variables
static code
see static context 40
static context 40
static field 10
static import 109
conflicts 112
on demand 109
shadow static members 111
single static import 109
static initializer block 40
static initializer blocks 276
static member classes 355
full name 356
storing objects 152
streams 468
chaining 479
files 477
of characters 488
streams of objects 477
strict formatter 544
strictfp 177
string
splitting 563
string builders 186
appending 458
constructing 457
deleting 458
differences with strings 458
individual characters 457
inserting 458
length 457
thread-safety 456
String class
see strings
string conversion 447
string literals 439
interned 440
string pattern matching 554
splitting 563
StringBuffer class 456
see string builders
thread-safe 456
StringBuilder class 456
see string builders
StringIndexOutOfBoundsException 449, 457, 458
strings
appending 458
buffers 456
builders 456
capacity 460
changing case 446
compareTo 445
concatenation operator + 186, 447
constructing 457
copying characters 443
creating 439
deleting 458
differences with string builders 458
equals 445
extracting substrings 449
finding index 448
formatting of values 450
ignoring case in comparison 445
immutable 439
individual characters 443, 457
initializing 439
inserting 458
interned 440
lexicographical order 445
literals 25
mutable 456
natural order 766
pattern matching 451
read character at index 443
replacing 448
searching 448
splitting 451
substrings 449
trimming 449
strongly typed language 164
subinterface 313
sublist 805
submap view 827
subpackage 105
subsequence 443
subsignature 718
substring searching 448
subtraction 556
subtype bivariance 675
subtype contravariance 675
subtype covariance 317, 318, 674, 675
subtype invariance 675
subtype-supertype relationship 161
successive matching 567
suffix
D 22
F 22
L 22
Sun Educational Services 852
super
construct 305
reference 295
special form 366
super keyword 305
superclass-subclass relationship 286
superinterfaces 313
superset 798
supertype-subtype relationship 287
supplementary characters 439
SuppressWarnings see @SuppressWarnings
switch statement 207
break 209
default clause 208
enum types 211
switching between threads 614
synchronized
keyword 627
syntactically legal 20
System class 424
system properties 122
T
TAB see Horizontal tab
tabs 25
tabulators 25
tagging interface
see marker interfaces
tags 27
tail map view 827
telephone directory order 445
terminal append-and-replace step 570
terminating loops 224
ternary conditional operator 166, 167, 201
testing locations 853
text streams
see character streams
textual representation 425
this
reference 45
special form 363
this() constructor call 302, 417
thread 390
live 390
Thread class 615
thread creation 615
thread of execution 614
thread safety 614
thread-based multitasking 614
ThreadDeath 242
blocked 626
Blocked for I/O state 635
Blocked for join completion state 635
Blocked for lock acquisition state 635
class 615
code executed 616
creation 615
daemon 615
dead state 635
death 239
determining state 635
exception propagation 239
extending Thread 619
IllegalThreadStateException 615
implemented by inner classes 622
joining 637
main 615
names 617
non-runnable state 635
priorities 638
Ready-to-run state 634
running 619
Running state 635
scheduler 638
sleeping 640
spawning 615
states 634
status 615
switching 614
synchronized 627
termination 650
Thread class 615
transitions 634
user 615
wait set for 641
waiting 426
waiting for notification state 635
yielding 639
throw statement 255
throwing exceptions 235
throws clause 257
time
see date and calendar
time of day 535
time-sliced scheduling 638
token pattern 574
tokenization 571
tokenize 563
tokenizer 571
tokenizing 572
tokenizing mode 572
total order 765
transfer statements 223
transient fields 516
transient variables 152
transitive relation 287
tree map 828
trees 782
trim 449
true literal 23
try block 245
try-catch-finally construct 245
type cast 164
type cast expression 327
type declarations 104
type import
see import
type information 662
type instance 665
type parameter constraints 684
actual 665
bounds 684
formal 663
recursive bounds 712
restrictions 665
type safe 323
type variables 663
casting 164
char 29
classes see classes
comparing 328
compatibility 164
double 29
exceptions 239
float 29
integral types 28
nested 352
parsing 434
wrappers 428
see also classes
U
UML 2
accessibility 139
aggregation 12
classes 3
inheritance 10
see also diagrams
unary numeric promotion 165
unbounded type parameter 675, 677
unbounded type references 684
unbounded wildcard references 682
unboxing 431
assert statement 265
do-while statement 217
for(:) statement 221
for(;;) statement 218
if statement 204
if-else statement 205
switch statement 207
while statement 217
unboxing conversions 162
uncaught exceptions 239
unchangeable variables 149
unchecked call warning 671, 682
unchecked cast warning 724
unchecked conversion warning 671
unchecked conversions 162
unchecked exceptions 244
unchecked generic array creation warning 729
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") 726
cast warning 724
conversion warning 671
generic array creation warning 729
Unified Modeling Language see UML
unsafe casts 329
unsupported operations 784, 821
unused keywords 21
upcasting 161
upper bounded wildcard
? extends T 675
upper bounded wildcard references 682
user threads 615
using packages 107
using variables 31
UTF-16 439
supplementary characters 439
V
value 122
value collection 821
value objects 780
constants 21
overflow 1010
underflow 1010
wrap-around 1010
see also variables
varargs
generic array creation 729
varargs calls 93
varargs parameter 90
variable arity method 90
variable declarations 4, 31, 131
variables 31
constant values 148
declarations see variable declarations
default values 33
final 148
identifiers 31
in interfaces 314
initialization see variable initialization
lifetime 35
local 131
reference variable 32
references 32
static 7
storing 152
transient 152
volatile 153
vector 806
Venn diagrams 785
view of list 805
VirtualMachineError 242
Void wrapper class 428
volatile variables 153
voucher 852
W
wait set 641
waiting for conditions 641
waiting for notification state 635
waiting threads 426
while statement 217
whole-part relationship 287
widening conversions
primitive 160
references 161
widening reference conversions 287, 328, 679
wider range 160
width 596
wildcard parameterized types 678
wildcard types 675
see wildcards 675
? 682
? extends T 682
? super T 683
assignment 679
bounded 675
capture 703
capture conversion 705
flexible comparisons 709
nested 705
parameterized types 678
restrictions 677
subtype relationships 673
wrapper classes 28, 424, 428, 766
wrapper types 162
wrappers interned 432
writers 488
writing bytes 475
Y
yielding 639
Z
zero
negative 177
positive 177