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An Introduction to 5G
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An Introduction to 5G
by
An Introduction to 5G
Cover
An Introduction to 5G
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgements
1 Introduction
1.1 Architecture of a Mobile Telecommunication System
1.2 History of Mobile Telecommunications
1.3 The Mobile Telecommunication Market
1.4 Use Cases and Markets for 5G
1.5 Technical Performance Requirements
1.6 Technologies for 5G
1.7 The 3GPP Specifications for 5G
1.8 Architecture of 5G
References
2 Architecture of the Core Network
2.1 The Evolved Packet Core
2.2 The 5G Core Network
2.3 Network Areas, Slices and Identities
2.4 State Diagrams
2.5 Signalling Protocols
2.6 The Hypertext Transfer Protocol
2.7 Example Network Function Services
References
3 Architecture of the Radio Access Network
3.1 The Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
3.2 The Next‐generation Node B
3.3 Architectural Options
3.4 Network Areas and Identities
3.5 RRC State Diagram
3.6 Signalling Protocols
References
4 Spectrum, Antennas and Propagation
4.1 Radio Spectrum
4.2 Antennas and Propagation
4.3 Radio Propagation Issues for Millimetre Waves
4.4 Multipath, Fading and Coherence
References
5 Digital Signal Processing
5.1 Modulation and Demodulation
5.2 Radio Transmission in a Mobile Cellular Network
5.3 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
5.4 Other Features of OFDMA
5.5 Signal‐processing Issues for 5G
5.6 Error Management
References
6 Multiple‐antenna Techniques
6.1 Analogue Beam Selection
6.2 Digital Beamforming
6.3 Spatial Multiplexing
6.4 Massive MIMO
6.5 Hybrid Beamforming
6.6 Multiple Antennas at the Mobile
References
7 Architecture of the 5G New Radio
7.1 Air Interface Protocol Stack
7.2 Frequency Bands and Combinations
7.3 Frequency Domain Structure
7.4 Time Domain Structure
7.5 Multiple Antennas
7.6 Data Transmission
References
8 Cell Acquisition
8.1 Acquisition Procedure
8.2 Resource Mapping
8.3 Acquisition of the SS/PBCH Block
8.4 System Information
References
9 Random Access
9.1 Physical Random Access Channel
9.2 Random Access Procedure
References
10 Link Adaptation
10.1 CSI Reference Signals
10.2 Channel State Information
10.3 Physical Uplink Control Channel
10.4 Sounding
References
11 Data Transmission and Reception
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Transmission and Reception of the PDCCH
11.3 Scheduling Messages
11.4 Transmission and Reception of the PUSCH and PDSCH
11.5 Reference Signals
11.6 Hybrid ARQ Acknowledgements
11.7 Other DCI Formats
11.8 Related Procedures
11.9 Performance of 5G
References
12 Air Interface Layer 2
12.1 Medium Access Control
12.2 Radio Link Control
12.3 Packet Data Convergence Protocol
12.4 Service Data Adaptation Protocol
References
13 Registration Procedures
13.1 Power‐on Sequence
13.2 Network and Cell Selection
13.3 RRC Connection Establishment
13.4 Registration Procedure
13.5 Deregistration Procedure
References
14 Security
14.1 Security Principles
14.2 Network Access Security
14.3 Network Access Security Procedures
14.4 Network Domain Security
14.5 Service‐based Architecture Domain Security
References
15 Session Management, Policy and Charging
15.1 Types of PDU Session
15.2 Quality of Service
15.3 Implementation of PDU Sessions
15.4 Policy and Charging Control Architecture
15.5 PDU Session Establishment Procedures
15.6 Traffic Steering
References
16 Mobility Management in RRC_CONNECTED
16.1 Introduction to RRC_CONNECTED
16.2 Measurement Configuration and Reporting
16.3 Handover Procedures
16.4 Dual Connectivity Procedures
16.5 State Transitions out of RRC_CONNECTED
References
17 Mobility Management in RRC_IDLE
17.1 Introduction to RRC_IDLE
17.2 Cell Reselection Procedures
17.3 Registration Updating
17.4 State Transitions out of RRC_IDLE
References
18 Mobility Management in RRC_INACTIVE
18.1 Introduction to RRC_INACTIVE
18.2 Mobility Management
18.3 State Transitions
References
19 Inter‐operation with the Evolved Packet Core
19.1 Inter‐operation Architectures
19.2 Registration Modes
19.3 Use of the Migration Architecture
19.4 Interworking Without N26
19.5 Interworking with N26
References
20 Release 16 and Beyond
20.1 Vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) Communications
20.2 Location Services
20.3 Integrated Access and Backhaul
20.4 Non‐terrestrial Networks
20.5 Massive Machine‐type Communications
20.6 Other New Features and Studies
References
Further Reading
Long‐term Evolution (LTE)
Voice over LTE (VoLTE) and the IP Multimedia Subsystem
Spectrum, Antennas and Propagation
Wireless Communications
Multiple Antennas
Digital Signal Processing
Mathematics
5G System
5G Air Interface
Index
End User License Agreement
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An Introduction to 5G
Table of Contents
Cover
An Introduction to 5G
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgements
1 Introduction
1.1 Architecture of a Mobile Telecommunication System
1.2 History of Mobile Telecommunications
1.3 The Mobile Telecommunication Market
1.4 Use Cases and Markets for 5G
1.5 Technical Performance Requirements
1.6 Technologies for 5G
1.7 The 3GPP Specifications for 5G
1.8 Architecture of 5G
References
2 Architecture of the Core Network
2.1 The Evolved Packet Core
2.2 The 5G Core Network
2.3 Network Areas, Slices and Identities
2.4 State Diagrams
2.5 Signalling Protocols
2.6 The Hypertext Transfer Protocol
2.7 Example Network Function Services
References
3 Architecture of the Radio Access Network
3.1 The Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
3.2 The Next‐generation Node B
3.3 Architectural Options
3.4 Network Areas and Identities
3.5 RRC State Diagram
3.6 Signalling Protocols
References
4 Spectrum, Antennas and Propagation
4.1 Radio Spectrum
4.2 Antennas and Propagation
4.3 Radio Propagation Issues for Millimetre Waves
4.4 Multipath, Fading and Coherence
References
5 Digital Signal Processing
5.1 Modulation and Demodulation
5.2 Radio Transmission in a Mobile Cellular Network
5.3 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
5.4 Other Features of OFDMA
5.5 Signal‐processing Issues for 5G
5.6 Error Management
References
6 Multiple‐antenna Techniques
6.1 Analogue Beam Selection
6.2 Digital Beamforming
6.3 Spatial Multiplexing
6.4 Massive MIMO
6.5 Hybrid Beamforming
6.6 Multiple Antennas at the Mobile
References
7 Architecture of the 5G New Radio
7.1 Air Interface Protocol Stack
7.2 Frequency Bands and Combinations
7.3 Frequency Domain Structure
7.4 Time Domain Structure
7.5 Multiple Antennas
7.6 Data Transmission
References
8 Cell Acquisition
8.1 Acquisition Procedure
8.2 Resource Mapping
8.3 Acquisition of the SS/PBCH Block
8.4 System Information
References
9 Random Access
9.1 Physical Random Access Channel
9.2 Random Access Procedure
References
10 Link Adaptation
10.1 CSI Reference Signals
10.2 Channel State Information
10.3 Physical Uplink Control Channel
10.4 Sounding
References
11 Data Transmission and Reception
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Transmission and Reception of the PDCCH
11.3 Scheduling Messages
11.4 Transmission and Reception of the PUSCH and PDSCH
11.5 Reference Signals
11.6 Hybrid ARQ Acknowledgements
11.7 Other DCI Formats
11.8 Related Procedures
11.9 Performance of 5G
References
12 Air Interface Layer 2
12.1 Medium Access Control
12.2 Radio Link Control
12.3 Packet Data Convergence Protocol
12.4 Service Data Adaptation Protocol
References
13 Registration Procedures
13.1 Power‐on Sequence
13.2 Network and Cell Selection
13.3 RRC Connection Establishment
13.4 Registration Procedure
13.5 Deregistration Procedure
References
14 Security
14.1 Security Principles
14.2 Network Access Security
14.3 Network Access Security Procedures
14.4 Network Domain Security
14.5 Service‐based Architecture Domain Security
References
15 Session Management, Policy and Charging
15.1 Types of PDU Session
15.2 Quality of Service
15.3 Implementation of PDU Sessions
15.4 Policy and Charging Control Architecture
15.5 PDU Session Establishment Procedures
15.6 Traffic Steering
References
16 Mobility Management in RRC_CONNECTED
16.1 Introduction to RRC_CONNECTED
16.2 Measurement Configuration and Reporting
16.3 Handover Procedures
16.4 Dual Connectivity Procedures
16.5 State Transitions out of RRC_CONNECTED
References
17 Mobility Management in RRC_IDLE
17.1 Introduction to RRC_IDLE
17.2 Cell Reselection Procedures
17.3 Registration Updating
17.4 State Transitions out of RRC_IDLE
References
18 Mobility Management in RRC_INACTIVE
18.1 Introduction to RRC_INACTIVE
18.2 Mobility Management
18.3 State Transitions
References
19 Inter‐operation with the Evolved Packet Core
19.1 Inter‐operation Architectures
19.2 Registration Modes
19.3 Use of the Migration Architecture
19.4 Interworking Without N26
19.5 Interworking with N26
References
20 Release 16 and Beyond
20.1 Vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) Communications
20.2 Location Services
20.3 Integrated Access and Backhaul
20.4 Non‐terrestrial Networks
20.5 Massive Machine‐type Communications
20.6 Other New Features and Studies
References
Further Reading
Long‐term Evolution (LTE)
Voice over LTE (VoLTE) and the IP Multimedia Subsystem
Spectrum, Antennas and Propagation
Wireless Communications
Multiple Antennas
Digital Signal Processing
Mathematics
5G System
5G Air Interface
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 1
Table 1.1 Technical performance requirements for 5G.
Table 1.2 3GPP specification releases for UMTS, LTE and 5G.
Table 1.3 3GPP specification series used by UMTS, LTE and 5G.
Table 1.4 Mapping between the 5G architectural options and the contents of th...
Chapter 2
Table 2.1 HTTP/2 methods used by the 5G core network.
Chapter 3
Table 3.1 Signalling radio bearers.
Chapter 4
Table 4.1 Example spectrum allocations for 5G.
Chapter 7
Table 7.1 Logical channels.
Table 7.2 Transport channels.
Table 7.3 Control information.
Table 7.4 Physical channels.
Table 7.5 Physical signals.
Table 7.6 Frequency bands in frequency range 1.
Table 7.7 Frequency bands in frequency range 2.
Table 7.8 Numerologies.
Table 7.9 Maximum transmission bandwidth configurations in frequency range 1.
Table 7.10 Maximum transmission bandwidth configurations in frequency range 2...
Table 7.11 Values of the global frequency raster and the channel raster.
Table 7.12 Details of the frame structure for the different numerologies.
Table 7.13 Uplink antenna ports.
Table 7.14 Downlink antenna ports.
Chapter 8
Table 8.1 Summary of the acquisition procedure.
Table 8.2 Values of the global synchronization raster.
Table 8.3 Organization of the system information.
Chapter 9
Table 9.1 Number of PUSCH resource blocks occupied by the PRACH.
Table 9.2 Durations of the long PRACH formats.
Table 9.3 Durations of the short PRACH formats.
Table 9.4 Number of PUSCH symbols occupied by the short PRACH
Chapter 10
Table 10.1 Interpretation of the channel quality indicator.
Table 10.2 Valid combinations of time domain behaviour for the measurement an...
Table 10.3 PUCCH formats.
Chapter 11
Table 11.1 DCI formats.
Table 11.2 Radio network temporary identifiers.
Table 11.3 Types of PDCCH search space.
Table 11.4 Contents of DCI formats 0_0 and 1_0.
Table 11.5 Valid choices for the start and length indicator value.
Table 11.6 Minimum PUSCH preparation time.
Table 11.7 Minimum PDSCH processing time.
Table 11.8 Peak spectral efficiency of 5G.
Table 11.9 Test conditions for the 3GPP simulations of 5G and LTE.
Chapter 12
Table 12.1 MAC control elements.
Chapter 15
Table 15.1 Quality‐of‐service (QoS) parameters.
Table 15.2 Standardized values of the 5G QoS identifier.
Chapter 16
Table 16.1 Measurement events involving 5G cells alone.
Table 16.2 Measurement events involving other radio access technologies.
Chapter 20
Table 20.1 Standardized values of the PC5 5QI.
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1 Architecture of a mobile telecommunication system.
Figure 1.2 Example of base stations with two carrier frequencies and three s...
Figure 1.3 Examples of the communication protocols used by the internet.
Figure 1.4 Architecture of GSM, UMTS and LTE.
Figure 1.5 Monthly traffic due to different mobile telecommunication applica...
Figure 1.6 Numbers of subscriptions to different mobile telecommunication te...
Figure 1.7 Annual revenue earned by mobile network operators in the UK.
Figure 1.8 Numbers of cellular IoT devices using different mobile telecommun...
Figure 1.9 Architecture of a software‐defined mobile telecommunication netwo...
Figure 1.10 High‐level architecture of 5G.
Figure 1.11 Architectural options for 5G.
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1 Architecture of the evolved packet core.
Figure 2.2 Representation of the 5G core network using reference points.
Figure 2.3 Representation of the 5G core network using service‐based interfa...
Figure 2.4 PDU sessions and QoS flows.
Figure 2.5 Roaming architecture using home routed traffic.
Figure 2.6 Roaming architecture using local breakout.
Figure 2.7 Data storage architectures.
Figure 2.8 Architecture for non‐3GPP access to the 5G core network.
Figure 2.9 Registration management state diagram.
Figure 2.10 Connection management state diagram.
Figure 2.11 Signalling protocols used by the 5G core network.
Figure 2.12 PFCP association setup procedure.
Figure 2.13 Example of an HTTP/2 request and response.
Figure 2.14 Example of a JSON object.
Figure 2.15 Network function service registration procedure.
Figure 2.16 Network function service discovery procedure.
Figure 2.17 Procedures for network function service subscription and notific...
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 Architecture of the evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network...
Figure 3.2 Carrier aggregation.
Figure 3.3 Dual connectivity.
Figure 3.4 Internal architecture of the gNB.
Figure 3.5 Example architecture for the deployment of the gNB. AMF: Access a...
Figure 3.6 Architectural options 1 and 3.
Figure 3.7 Architectural options 5 and 7.
Figure 3.8 Architectural options 2 and 4.
Figure 3.9 Data radio bearers.
Figure 3.10 5G radio resource control (RRC) state diagram, for a mobile serv...
Figure 3.11 Relationship between the 4G and 5G RRC state diagrams, for a mob...
Figure 3.12 Signalling protocols used by the next generation radio access ne...
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 The electromagnetic spectrum.
Figure 4.2 Radiation pattern of a parabolic reflector antenna, with a diamet...
Figure 4.3 Benefit of using a base station antenna array in a high‐frequency...
Figure 4.4 Non‐line‐of‐sight communications using (a) diffraction and (b) re...
Figure 4.5 Example measurements of penetration loss at frequencies from 1 to...
Figure 4.6 Estimates of foliage losses due to different depths of vegetation...
Figure 4.7 Estimates of atmospheric losses due to absorption by the air.
Figure 4.8 Estimates of atmospheric losses due to rainfall.
Figure 4.9 Generation of constructive interference, destructive interference...
Figure 4.10 Examples of fading as a function of (a) position and (b) frequen...
Figure 4.11 Example used to estimate the relationship between angular spread...
Figure 4.12 Example used to estimate the relationship between delay spread a...
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1 Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK). (a) Example QPSK waveform. ...
Figure 5.2 Modulation schemes used by 5G.
Figure 5.3 Block diagram of the modulator in a wireless communication system...
Figure 5.4 Block diagram of the demodulator in a wireless communication syst...
Figure 5.5 Operation of FDD and TDD modes.
Figure 5.6 Division of the frequency band into subcarriers using OFDM.
Figure 5.7 Processing steps in an OFDM transmitter.
Figure 5.8 Processing steps in an OFDM receiver.
Figure 5.9 Block diagram of the OFDMA downlink.
Figure 5.10 Block diagram of the OFDMA uplink.
Figure 5.11 Frequency‐specific scheduling in 5G.
Figure 5.12 Processing steps in an OFDM receiver, in which the information a...
Figure 5.13 Inter‐symbol interference (ISI). (a) Creation of ISI in a multip...
Figure 5.14 Operation of the cyclic prefix on a single subcarrier.
Figure 5.15 Block diagram of a transmitter and receiver using hybrid ARQ wit...
Figure 5.16 Operation of a stop‐and‐wait re‐transmission scheme using multip...
Figure 5.17 Operation of a selective re‐transmission scheme.
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1 Constructive and destructive interference from a base station arr...
Figure 6.2 Spatial filtering by means of a phase ramp.
Figure 6.3 Radiation pattern from an array of eight antennas, with a spacing...
Figure 6.4 Radiation pattern from an array of (a) two, (b) four, (c) eight a...
Figure 6.5 Radiation pattern from an array of four antennas, with a spacing ...
Figure 6.6 Precoding by means of antenna‐specific amplitude scaling factors ...
Figure 6.7 Example radiation patterns from an array of eight antennas using ...
Figure 6.8 Uplink diversity reception.
Figure 6.9 Principles of spatial multiplexing.
Figure 6.10 Uplink multiple‐user MIMO.
Figure 6.11 Example radiation patterns from an array of eight antennas, usin...
Figure 6.12 Downlink multiple‐user MIMO.
Figure 6.13 Single‐user MIMO.
Figure 6.14 Single‐user MIMO in a sparse multipath environment using singula...
Figure 6.15 Massive MIMO.
Figure 6.16 Partly connected architecture for hybrid beamforming.
Figure 6.17 Example radiation patterns from a partly connected hybrid antenn...
Figure 6.18 Fully connected architecture for hybrid beamforming.
Figure 6.19 Example of a sparse multipath environment supporting four‐layer ...
Figure 6.20 Architecture for multiple antenna transmission and reception at ...
Figure 6.21 Digital precoding and analogue spatial filtering at the mobile....
Figure 6.22 Beam pair selection.
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1 Air interface protocol stack for architectural option 2.
Figure 7.2 Air interface protocol stack in cases of dual connectivity.
Figure 7.3 Uplink information flows. PHY: Physical layer.
Figure 7.4 Downlink information flows. PHY: Physical layer.
Figure 7.5 Example common resource blocks in a channel bandwidth of 10 MHz....
Figure 7.6 Frames, subframes and slots.
Figure 7.7 Slots and symbols, when using the (a) normal and (b) extended cyc...
Figure 7.8 Example of a TDD configuration.
Figure 7.9 Transport channel processing. (a) Transmission. (b) Reception.
Figure 7.10 Physical channel processing. (a) Transmission. (b) Reception.
Figure 7.11 Analogue processing. (a) Transmission. (b) Reception.
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1 Analogue beam selection during the acquisition procedure.
Figure 8.2 Internal structure of an SS/PBCH block, using a physical cell ide...
Figure 8.3 Timing patterns for the SS/PBCH blocks in frequency range 1.
Figure 8.4 Timing patterns for the SS/PBCH blocks in frequency range 2.
Chapter 9
Figure 9.1 Contention‐based random access procedure.
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1 Physical channel processing for the CSI reference signal. (a) Tr...
Figure 10.2 Example resource mappings for the CSI reference signal on port 3...
Figure 10.3 Interpretations of the CSI reference signal.
Figure 10.4 Non‐repeated and repeated transmissions of the resources in a no...
Figure 10.5 Types of PMI codebook.
Figure 10.6 Transmission of uplink control information on the PUCCH.
Figure 10.7 Physical channel processing for the sounding reference signal. (...
Figure 10.8 Example resource mapping for the sounding reference signal, usin...
Figure 10.9 Interpretations of the sounding reference signal.
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1 Data transmission procedures for the downlink and uplink.
Figure 11.2 Transmission of downlink control information (DCI) on the PDCCH....
Figure 11.3 Example of a control resource set.
Figure 11.4 Example time domain resource assignments for the uplink. (a) Slo...
Figure 11.5 Transport channel processing for the (a) DL‐SCH and (b) UL‐SCH....
Figure 11.6 Physical channel processing for the (a) PDSCH and (b) PUSCH.
Figure 11.7 Example resource mappings for the DM‐RS, using downlink port 100...
Figure 11.8 Example resource mappings for the PDSCH and PUSCH, using mapping...
Figure 11.9 Example time domain resource assignments for the downlink. (a) S...
Figure 11.10 Peak spectral efficiencies of LTE and 5G.
Figure 11.11 Average spectral efficiencies of LTE and 5G.
Chapter 12
Figure 12.1 Architecture of the mobile's medium access control protocol. BCH...
Figure 12.2 Structure of a MAC PDU.
Figure 12.3 Radio link control protocol.
Figure 12.4 Architecture of the RLC protocol in transparent mode.
Figure 12.5 Architecture of the RLC protocol in unacknowledged mode.
Figure 12.6 Structure of an RLC data PDU in unacknowledged mode.
Figure 12.7 Structure of an RLC data PDU in acknowledged mode.
Figure 12.8 Architecture of the RLC protocol in acknowledged mode.
Figure 12.9 Architecture of the packet data convergence protocol.
Figure 12.10 PDCP status reporting and re‐transmission procedures.
Figure 12.11 Architecture of the service data adaptation protocol.
Chapter 13
Figure 13.1 Overview of the power‐on procedures in architectural options 2 a...
Figure 13.2 RRC connection establishment procedure.
Figure 13.3 Initial UE message procedure.
Figure 13.4 Registration procedure if the AMF is unchanged.
Figure 13.5 Registration procedure if the new AMF is different from the old ...
Figure 13.6 Registration procedure, including re‐allocation of the AMF.
Figure 13.7 Mobile‐initiated deregistration procedure.
Chapter 14
Figure 14.1 Network access security architecture.
Figure 14.2 Network access security keys.
Figure 14.3 5G authentication and key agreement procedure.
Figure 14.4 Non‐access stratum security mode command procedure. Source: Adap...
Figure 14.5 Access stratum security mode command procedure.
Figure 14.6 Ciphering.
Figure 14.7 Integrity protection.
Figure 14.8 Network domain security architecture.
Figure 14.9 Service‐based interface security architecture.
Figure 14.10 Principles of secure message delivery over N32‐f.
Figure 14.11 Procedure for secure message delivery over N32‐f.
Chapter 15
Figure 15.1 Packet flows, service data flows and QoS flows.
Figure 15.2 Example implementation of a PDU session using QoS flows, bearers...
Figure 15.3 User plane protocols.
Figure 15.4 End‐to‐end user plane protocol stack.
Figure 15.5 Multiple PDU session anchors.
Figure 15.6 Representation of the policy and charging control architecture u...
Figure 15.7 Representation of the policy and charging control architecture u...
Figure 15.8 Architecture for SMS over the non‐access stratum.
Figure 15.9 Converged architecture for charging and billing.
Figure 15.10 PDU session establishment procedure. (1) Initiation.
Figure 15.11 PDU session establishment procedure. (2) Completion.
Figure 15.12 Interactions with the policy control function during PDU sessio...
Figure 15.13 Delivery of a traffic steering request to the 5G core network....
Figure 15.14 Addition of a PDU session anchor.
Chapter 16
Figure 16.1 Measurement configuration and reporting procedure.
Figure 16.2 Forwarding of measurement configuration and reporting messages b...
Figure 16.3 Xn‐based handover procedure in the absence of dual connectivity....
Figure 16.4 Path switch procedure.
Figure 16.5 Addition of a secondary node.
Figure 16.6 QoS flow mobility procedure.
Figure 16.7 Access network release procedure.
Figure 16.8 Suspension of the RRC connection.
Chapter 17
Figure 17.1 Example of an inactive PDU session.
Figure 17.2 Registration update procedure if the AMF is unchanged.
Figure 17.3 Mobile‐triggered service request procedure, for a mobile initial...
Figure 17.4 Network‐triggered service request procedure, for a mobile initia...
Chapter 18
Figure 18.1 Example of a suspended PDU session.
Figure 18.2 RAN‐based notification area update procedure.
Figure 18.3 Access network release procedure for a mobile initially in RRC_I...
Figure 18.4 Mobile‐triggered resumption of the RRC connection.
Figure 18.5 Network‐triggered resumption of the RRC connection.
Chapter 19
Figure 19.1 Architecture for migration from the evolved packet core.
Figure 19.2 Architecture for interworking with the evolved packet core.
Figure 19.3 Mobility to the evolved packet core, using the migration archite...
Figure 19.4 RRC release with redirection, using the migration architecture f...
Figure 19.5 Mobility to the evolved packet core, using the interworking arch...
Figure 19.6 Mobility to the evolved packet core, using the N26 reference poi...
Figure 19.7 Mobility to the evolved packet core, using the N26 reference poi...
Figure 19.8 Handover to the evolved packet core, using the N26 reference poi...
Figure 19.9 Handover to the evolved packet core, using the N26 reference poi...
Chapter 20
Figure 20.1 Architecture for vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) communications.
Figure 20.2 Representation of the V2X application server's interactions with...
Figure 20.3 Representation of the location service architecture, using refer...
Figure 20.4 Representation of the location service architecture, using servi...
Figure 20.5 Example topologies for the integrated access and backhaul. (a) S...
Figure 20.6 Example dual connectivity topologies for the integrated access a...
Figure 20.7 Integrated access and backhaul architecture.
Figure 20.8 Deployment options for a non‐terrestrial network.
Guide
Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
Begin Reading
Further Reading
Index
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
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