Appendix L
Acronyms
| A/D | analog-to-digital (converter) |
| AC | alternating current |
| ADC | analog-to-digital converter |
| AGC | automatic gain control |
| AM | amplitude modulation |
| AOC | automatic offset control (or cancellation) |
| APD | avalanche photodetector (or photodiode) |
| APON | ATM passive optical network |
| ARQ | automatic repeat request |
| ASD | amplitude spectral density |
| ASE | amplified spontaneous emission |
| ASK | amplitude-shift keying |
| ATC | automatic (or adaptive) threshold control |
| ATM | asynchronous transfer mode |
| AWG | arrayed waveguide grating |
| BCH | Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (code) |
| BER | bit-error rate |
| BERT | bit-error rate test set |
| BGA | ball grid array |
| BiCMOS | BJT + CMOS |
| BJT | bipolar junction transistor |
| BPON | broadband passive optical network |
| BPSK | binary phase-shift keying |
| BUJ | bounded uncorrelated jitter |
| BW | bandwidth |
| CATV | community-antenna television |
| CDR | clock and data recovery |
| CID | consecutive identical digits |
| CML | current-mode logic |
| CMOS | complementary MOS |
| CMRR | common-mode rejection ratio |
| CMU | clock multiplication unit |
| CNR | carrier-to-noise ratio |
| CO | central office |
| CPM | cross-phase modulation |
| CRZ | chirped return-to-zero (modulation) |
| CS-RZ | carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (modulation) |
| CSO | composite second-order (distortion) |
| CTB | composite triple-beat (distortion) |
| CW | continuous wave |
| D/A | digital-to-analog (converter) |
| DA | distributed amplifier |
| DAC | digital-to-analog converter |
| DBPSK | differential binary phase-shift keying |
| DC | direct current |
| DCD | duty-cycle distortion (jitter) |
| DCF | dispersion compensating fiber |
| DDA | differential difference amplifier |
| DDJ | data-dependent jitter |
| DEC | decision circuit |
| DFB | distributed feedback (laser) |
| DFE | decision-feedback equalizer |
| DGD | differential group delay |
| DHBT | double heterojunction bipolar transistor |
| DJ | deterministic jitter |
| DLL | delay-locked loop |
| DMT | discrete multitone (modulation) |
| DMUX | demultiplexer |
| DOP | degree of polarization |
| DP-QPSK | dual-polarization quadrature phase-shift keying |
| DPSK | differential phase-shift keying |
| DQPSK | differential quadrature phase-shift keying |
| DSF | dispersion-shifted fiber |
| DSL | digital subscriber line |
| DSP | digital signal processor |
| DUT | device under test |
| DWDM | dense wavelength division multiplexing |
| E/O | electrical to optical (converter) |
| ECL | emitter-coupled logic |
| EDC | electronic dispersion compensation |
| EDFA | erbium-doped fiber amplifier |
| EFEC | enhanced forward error correction |
| EFM | Ethernet in the first mile |
| EM | electromagnetic |
| EPON | Ethernet passive optical network |
| Er | erbium |
| ER | extinction ratio |
| ESCON | enterprise systems connection |
| ESD | electrostatic discharge |
| EVM | error vector magnitude |
| FDDI | fiber distributed data interface |
| FEC | forward error correction |
| FET | field-effect transistor |
| FFE | feedforward equalizer |
| FIR | finite impulse response (filter) |
| FITL | fiber in the loop |
| FM | frequency modulation |
| FOPA | fiber optical parametric amplifier |
| FP | Fabry–Perot (laser) |
| FSAN | full service access network |
| FSE | fractionally spaced equalizer |
| FSK | frequency-shift keying |
| FTTC | fiber to the curb |
| FTTdp | fiber to the distribution point |
| FTTH | fiber to the home |
| FTTP | fiber to the premise |
| FWHM | full width at half maximum |
| FWM | four-wave mixing |
| GaAs | gallium-arsenide |
| GbE | gigabit Ethernet |
| GBW | gain-bandwidth (product) |
| Ge | germanium |
| GPON | gigabit-capable passive optical network |
| GRIN | graded index |
| GVD | group-velocity dispersion |
| HBT | heterojunction bipolar transistor |
| HD | harmonic distortion |
| HEMT | high electron-mobility transistor |
| HFC | hybrid fiber-coax (network) |
| HFET | heterostructure field-effect transistor |
| HPF | high-pass filter |
| I/V | current versus voltage |
| IC | integrated circuit |
| IEEE | institute of electrical and electronics engineers |
| IF | intermediate frequency |
| IFWM | intrachannel four-wave mixing |
| IIN | interferometric intensity noise |
| IIP3 | input-referred 3rd-order intercept point |
| IM/DD | intensity modulation with direct detection |
| IMD | intermodulation distortion |
| InGaAs | indium–gallium-arsenide |
| InGaAsP | indium–gallium-arsenide–phosphide |
| InP | indium-phosphide |
| IP | Internet protocol |
| intellectual property | |
| ISDN | integrated services digital network |
| ISI | intersymbol interference |
| IXPM | intrachannel cross-phase modulation |
| JFET | junction field-effect transistor |
| JTOL | jitter tolerance |
| LA | limiting amplifier |
| LAN | local-area network |
| LD | laser diode |
| LDPC | low-density parity-check (code) |
| LED | light-emitting diode |
| LF | low frequency |
| LMS | least-mean-square (algorithm) |
| LO | local oscillator |
| LOP | loss of power |
| LOS | loss of signal |
| LPF | low-pass filter |
| MA | main amplifier |
| MAC | medium access control |
| MAN | metropolitan-area network |
| MCM | multi-chip module |
| MES | metal–semiconductor |
| MESFET | MES + FET |
| MLSE | maximum likelihood sequence estimation |
| MMF | multimode fiber |
| MMIC | monolithic microwave IC |
| MODFET | modulation-doped field-effect transistor |
| MOS | metal–oxide–semiconductor |
| MOSFET | MOS + FET |
| MPEG | moving picture experts group |
| MPI | multipath interference |
| MQW | multiple quantum well |
| MSE | mean-square error |
| MSM | metal–semiconductor–metal (photodetector) |
| MTPR | multitone power ratio |
| MUX | multiplexer |
| NA | numerical aperture |
| Nd | neodymium |
| NECG | net electrical coding gain |
| NF | noise figure |
| NIC | negative impedance converter |
| NRZ | non-return-to-zero (modulation) |
| NRZ1 | non-return-to-zero change-on-ones (modulation) |
| NTSC | national television systems committee |
| NWA | network analyzer |
| NZ-DSF | nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber |
| O/E | optical to electrical (converter) |
| OA | optical amplifier |
| OADM | optical add-drop multiplexer |
| OC | optical carrier |
| OEIC | optoelectronic integrated circuit |
| OFDM | orthogonal frequency division multiplexing |
| OLT | optical line termination |
| OMA | optical modulation amplitude |
| ONU | optical network unit |
| OOK | on–off keying |
| OPA | optical parametric amplifier |
| OSI | open systems interconnection |
| OSNR | optical signal-to-noise ratio |
| OTDM | optical time-division multiplexing |
| OTN | optical transport network |
| OTU | optical transport unit |
| OXC | optical cross connect |
| P2MP | point-to-multipoint (network) |
| P2P | point-to-point (connection) |
| PAM | pulse amplitude modulation |
| PAR | peak-to-average ratio |
| PC | polarization controller |
| PCS | physical coding sublayer (Ethernet sublayer) |
| PD | photodetector (or photodiode) |
| probability density function | |
| PDM | polarization division multiplexing |
| PHEMT | pseudomorphic high electron-mobility transistor |
| PHFET | pseudomorphic heterostructure field-effect transistor |
| PHY | physical layer (OSI model) |
| PIC | photonic integrated circuit |
| PJ | periodic jitter |
| PLL | phase-locked loop |
| PM | phase modulation |
| PMA | physical medium attachment (Ethernet sublayer) |
| PMD | polarization-mode dispersion |
| physical medium dependent (Ethernet sublayer) | |
| PMF | polarization-maintaining fiber |
| POF | plastic optical fiber |
| PON | passive optical network |
| POTS | plain old telephone service |
| PP | power penalty |
| peak-to-peak (value) | |
| PRBS | pseudorandom bit sequence |
| PSD | power spectral density |
| PSK | phase-shift keying |
| PSP | principal state of polarization |
| PSRR | power-supply rejection ratio |
| PSTN | public switched telephone network |
| QAM | quadrature amplitude modulation |
| QPSK | quadrature phase-shift keying |
| RCE | resonant-cavity enhanced (photodetector) |
| RF | radio frequency |
| RFC | radio-frequency choke |
| RGC | regulated cascode |
| RIN | relative intensity noise |
| RJ | random jitter |
| RMS | root-mean-square (value) |
| RN | remote node |
| ROSA | receiver optical subassembly |
| RS | Reed–Solomon code |
| RSSI | received signal strength indicator |
| RX | receiver |
| RXEQ | receive equalizer |
| RZ | return-to-zero (modulation) |
| SAM | separate absorption and multiplication (APD) |
| SBR | single-bit response |
| SBS | stimulated Brillouin scattering |
| SCFL | source-coupled FET logic |
| SCM | subcarrier multiplexing |
| SCTE | society of cable telecommunications engineers |
| SDH | synchronous digital hierarchy |
| SDM | space division multiplexing |
| SDV | switched digital video |
| SerDes | serializer/deserializer |
| SFF | small form-factor (module) |
| SFI | SerDes framer interface |
| SFP | small form-factor pluggable (module) |
| Si | silicon |
| SiGe | silicon–germanium |
| SiO2 | silicon oxide |
| SJ | sinusoidal jitter |
| SMF | single-mode fiber |
| SML | spatially modulated light (detector) |
| SNR | signal-to-noise ratio |
| SOA | semiconductor optical amplifier |
| SOI | silicon on insulator |
| SONET | synchronous optical network |
| SOP | state of polarization |
| SPICE | simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis |
| SPM | self-phase modulation |
| SRS | stimulated Raman scattering |
| SSC | spread spectrum clock |
| STM | synchronous transport module |
| STS | synchronous transport signal |
| TAS | transadmittance stage |
| TCM | time compression multiplexing |
| TCP | transmission control protocol |
| TDD | time-division duplexing |
| TDM | time-division multiplexing |
| TDMA | time-division multiple access |
| TEGFET | two-dimensional electron-gas field-effect transistor |
| THD | total harmonic distortion |
| Ti | titanium |
| TIA | transimpedance amplifier |
| time interval analyzer | |
| TIE | time interval error |
| TIS | transimpedance stage |
| TJ | total jitter |
| TOSA | transmitter optical subassembly |
| TPC | turbo product code |
| TQFP | thin quad flat pack |
| TTL | transistor–transistor logic |
| TV | television |
| TWA | traveling-wave amplifier |
| TWPD | traveling-wave photodetector |
| TX | transmitter |
| TXEQ | transmit equalizer |
| TZA | transimpedance amplifier |
| UI | unit interval |
| UTC | uni-traveling carrier (photodetector) |
| VCSEL | vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser |
| VGA | variable-gain amplifier |
| VLSI | very large-scale integration |
| VNA | vector network analyzer |
| VPD | vertically illuminated photodetector |
| VSB | vestigial sideband |
| WAN | wide-area network |
| WDM | wavelength division multiplexing |
| WGPD | waveguide photodetector |
| XOR | exclusive-or (gate) |
| XPM | cross-phase modulation |
| XT | crosstalk |
| ZF | zero-forcing (algorithm) |
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