Sound

One-piece camcorders come equipped with a microphone clipped to the top of the camera body. It picks up sound from the direction in which the camera is pointed. On some models the microphone can be removed from its cradle and hand-held by the reporter or another member of the team. Other ENG systems have leads plugged into the cassette recorder, allowing a variety of microphones to be attached according to location and conditions. Four main types are in use for news.

Personal microphone

This is light, inconspicuous and particularly favoured for use by reporters and subjects in interviews. It comes in at least two versions–one is attached to a cord which slips over the head, while another (also known as a lapel microphone) clips directly onto clothing. Both rest at about chest height, so helping to keep out background noise. In either case the connecting lead, which looks untidy if seen in shot, can be easily hidden from view.

Directional microphone

Sometimes known as the rifle or gun mike, it is aimed at the speaker by the recordist. Its long, thin barrel is usually covered by a metal baffle as protection against wind noise. This microphone picks up sound through a narrow angle over long distances. Its drawback is its unfortunate weapon-like shape–highly dangerous in some circumstances–and the tendency for handlers to let it creep into shot.

Stick microphone

This is the simplest in the recordist’s bag. It is extremely popular for use by reporters doing stand-up pieces. Very little preparation is required, and it is adaptable for most purposes. Grasp it firmly near the head. If you are using it during an interview it should be ‘favoured’ gently towards the speaker and not thrust forwards aggressively.

Radio microphone

With the advantage of allowing you freedom from any cable attachment to the camera equipment, the radio mike consists of a personal-type microphone and a miniature transmitter which slips into the pocket. The device enables your voice to carry over several hundred yards/metres and, used sparingly, can be very effective.

Other microphone types

These are more likely to be used in studios than on location. Stand mikes offer high-quality sound at the expense of obtrusiveness, and boom mikes (directional microphones controlled by boom operators) can create annoying shadows.

Microphone types

Personal microphones corne in two types, one with a cord which slips over the head (1), and another which clips on to clothing (2). Directional microphones (3) have a weapon-like appearance. The stick microphone (4) is versatile and soon ready for use, while the radio mike (5) comes in two parts–a personal microphone and a miniature transmitter.