NOTES

Introduction

1. “WD-40 Company History,” Funding Universe, accessed November 17, 2017, http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/wd-40-company-history/.

2. Larry Emond, “2 Reasons Why Employee Engagement Programs Fall Short,” Gallup News, August 15, 2007, http://news.gallup.com/opinion/gallup/216155/reasons-why-employee-engagement-programs-fall-short.aspx.

3. Whitney Johnson, interview with Garry Ridge, Disrupt Yourself podcast, episode 13, March 10, 2017, https://soundcloud.com/disruptyourselfpodcast/episode-13-garry-ridge.

4. Ibid.

5. Marissa Brassfield, “Study Reveals Majority of Workers Feel Trapped in Their Jobs,” PayScale Career News page, July 2013, https://www.payscale.com/career-news/2013/07/study-reveals-majority-of-workers-feel-trapped-in-their-jobs.

6. Erin Werthman, “Survey Says: American Workers Are Stuck in a Rut,” Rasmussen College, April 15, 2014, http://www.rasmussen.edu/press-release/2014-04-15/survey-says-american-workers-stuck-in-a-rut/.

7. “U.S. Luxury Car Market Share in 2016, by Brand,” Statista, 2017, https://www.statista.com/statistics/287620/luxury-vehicles-united-states-premium-vehicle-market-share/.

Chapter 1

1. Tony Horwitz, Blue Latitudes: Boldly Going Where Captain Cook Has Gone Before, reprint edition (New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2003), 290–292, 297, 304–307, 316–317.

2. “The Millennial Economy,” a survey of 1,200 millennials conducted by public policy organization Economic Innovation Group, http://eig.org/millennial.

3. Beth Kowitt, “Why McDonald’s Wins in Any Economy,” Fortune, September 5, 2011.

4. Seminar with Alan Mulally, Marshall Goldsmith 100 Coaches conference, Phoenix, AZ, December 2016.

5. Whitney Johnson, interview with Bernie Swain, Disrupt Yourself podcast, episode 8, December 29, 2016, http://whitneyjohnson.com/bernie-swain-disrupt-yourself.

6. Antony Jay, Machiavelli and Management: An Inquiry into the Politics of Corporate Life (San Diego: Pfeiffer & Co, 1994), 45, 71–72.

Chapter 2

1. Whitney Johnson, interview with Sarah Feingold, Disrupt Yourself podcast, episode 7, December 14, 2016, https://soundcloud.com/disruptyourselfpodcast/episode-07-sarah-feingold.

2. Whitney Johnson, Disrupt Yourself: Putting the Power of Disruptive Innovation to Work (New York: Bibliomotion, 2015), 10–11.

3. Whitney Johnson, interview with Walter O’Brien, Disrupt Yourself podcast, episode 29, October 12, 2017, https://soundcloud.com/disruptyourselfpodcast/episode-29-walter-obrien.

4. Pierre Chandon, “The Reason We Buy (and Eat) Too Much Food,” Harvard Business Review, December 20, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/12/the-reasons-we-buy-and-eat-too-much-food.

5. Liz Wiseman, Rookie Smarts (New York: HarperBusiness, 2014), 1–3.

6. Whitney Johnson, interview with Raju Narisetti, Disrupt Yourself podcast, episode 2, October 6, 2016, https://soundcloud.com/disruptyourselfpodcast/episode-02-raju-narisetti.

7. Jack Zenger and Joseph Folkman, “Why Do So Many Managers Avoid Giving Praise?” Harvard Business Review, May 2, 2017, https://hbr.org/2017/05/why-do-so-many-managers-avoid-giving-praise.

8. Marcel Schwantes, “Want to Totally Transform Your Leadership? Give This to Your Employees Once Per Week,” Inc.com, November 22, 2016, https://www.inc.com/marcel-schwantes/research-says-this-absurdly-simple-habit-is-a-powerful-way-to-get-employees-moti.html.

9. Gretchen Rubin, The Happiness Project: Or, Why I Spent a Year Trying to Sing in the Morning, Clean My Closets, Fight Right, Read Aristotle, and Generally Have More Fun, revised edition (New York: HarperCollins, 2015), 268.

10. Whitney Johnson, interview with Michelle McKenna-Doyle, Disrupt Yourself podcast, episode 1, September 23, 2016, https://soundcloud.com/disruptyourselfpodcast/episode-01-michelle-mckenna-doyle.

11. Sam Pitroda with David Chanoff, Dreaming Big: My Journey to Connect India (Oakbrook Terrace, IL: The Pitroda Group, 2015), 144–145.

12. Jean Martin and Conrad Schmidt, “How to Keep Your Top Talent,” Harvard Business Review, May 2010, https://hbr.org/2010/05/how-to-keep-your-top-talent.

13. Johnson, Disrupt Yourself, 112–114.

14. Jody Genessy, “Big Questions Loom About Jazz Rotations as Playoffs Approach,” Deseret News.com, March 30, 2017, http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865676786/Big-questions-loom-about-Jazz-rotations-as-playoffs-approach.html.

15. Marguerite Ward, “This Biz Bounced Back from Near Failure to Sell Over 1 Million Products,” CNBC.com “Make It” page, May 25, 2016, http://www.cnbc.com/2016/05/25/this-biz-bounced-back-from-near-failure-to-sell-over-1-million-products.html.

Chapter 3

1. Tara Sophia Mohr, “The Real Reason Women Don’t Apply for Jobs Unless They’re 100% Qualified,” Harvard Business Review, August 24, 2014, https://hbr.org/2014/08/why-women-dont-apply-for-jobs-unless-theyre-100-qualified.

2. Adam Vaccaro, “Why Employees Quit Jobs Right After They’ve Started,” Inc.com, April 17, 2014, http://www.inc.com/adam-vaccaro/voluntary-turnover-six-months.html.

3. Eileen Appelbaum and Ruth Milkman, Achieving a Workable Balance: New Jersey Employers’ Experiences Managing Employee Leaves and Turnover (New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Women and Work, 2006).

4. David Rosnick, “How Much Does Employee Turnover Really Cost Your Business?” Center for Economic and Policy Research, CLASP-CEPR Turnover Calculator, http://cepr.net/research-tools/online-calculators/clasp-cepr-turnover-calculator.

5. Heather Boushey and Sarah Jane Glynn, “There Are Significant Business Costs to Replacing Employees,” Center for American Progress, November 16, 2012, https://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/CostofTurnover.pdf.

6. Whitney Johnson, interview with Patrick Pichette, Disrupt Yourself podcast, episode 10, January 26, 2017, https://soundcloud.com/disruptyourselfpodcast/episode-10-patrick-pichette.

7. Victoria Luby and Jane Stevenson, “7 Tenets of a Good CEO Succession Process,” Harvard Business Review, December 7, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/12/7-tenets-of-a-good-ceo-succession-process.

8. Dave Winsborough, “It’s Common for Peers to Punish Top Performers in High-Performing Teams,” LinkedIn, July 10, 2017, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/its-common-peers-punish-top-performers-high-teams-dave-winsborough.

9. Dave Winsborough and Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic, “Great Teams Are About Personalities, Not Just Skills,” Harvard Business Review, January 25, 2017, https://hbr.org/2017/01/great-teams-are-about-personalities-not-just-skills?utm_campaign=hbr&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social.

10. A.G. Lafley and Roger L. Martin, “Customer Loyalty Is Overrated,” Harvard Business Review, January–February 2017, https://hbr.org/2017/01/customer-loyalty-is-overrated.

11. Whitney Johnson, Disrupt Yourself, 3.

12. Drake Baer, “Hiring, Like Dating, Sucks; Here’s How Startups Are Trying to Fix It,” Fast Company, February 28, 2013, https://www.fastcompany.com/3006365/hiring-dating-sucks-heres-how-startups-are-trying-fix-it.

13. Author’s email interview with Lauren Rivera, July 11, 2017.

14. Benjamin Artz, Amanda Goodall, and Andrew J. Oswald, “If Your Boss Could Do Your Job, You’re More Likely to Be Happy at Work,” HBR.org, December 29, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/12/if-your-boss-could-do-your-job-youre-more-likely-to-be-happy-at-work.

15. Dorothy Dalton, “A Plea! Keep Job Profiles Real!” Dorothy Dalton.com, December 1, 2010, http://dorothydalton.com/2010/12/ 01/a-plea-keep-job-profiles-real/.

16. Danielle Gaucher and Justin Friesen, “Evidence That Gendered Wording in Job Advertisements Exists and Sustains Gender Inequality,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 101, no. 1 (2011): 109–128.

17. Claire Cain Miller, “Job Listings That Are Too ‘Feminine’ For Men,” New York Times, January 16, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/16/upshot/job-disconnect-male-applicants-feminine-language.html.

18. Cliff Zukin and Mark Szeltner, “Talent Report: What Workers Want in 2012,” Net Impact, through Rutgers University, May 2012, https://netimpact.org/sites/default/files/documents/what-workers-want-2012.pdf.

19. Erik Sherman, “35 Percent of All Workers Are Freelance? Not Quite,” Inc.com, October 12, 2016, http://www.inc.com/erik-sherman/b35-percent-of-all-workers-are-freelance-not-quite/b.html.

20. Whitney Johnson, interview with Carol Fishman Cohen, July 20, 2017.

21. Gretchen Livingston, “Opting Out? About 10% of Highly Educated Moms Are Staying Home,” Pew Research Center, May 7, 2014, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/05/07/opting-out-about-10-of-highly-educated-moms-are-staying-at-home/.

22. Whitney Johnson, “What It’s Like When a Stay-At-Home Dad Goes Back to Work,” Harvard Business Review, April 19, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/04/what-its-like-when-a-stay-at-home-dad-goes-back-to-work.

23. Michelle Weise, “We Need a Better Way to Visualize People’s Skills,” Harvard Business Review, September 20, 2016, https://hbr.org/ 2016/09/we-need-a-better-way-to-visualize-peoples-skills.

24. Whitney Johnson, interview with David Blake, August 16, 2017.

25. Steve Lohr, “A New Kind of Tech Job Emphasizes Skills, Not a College Degree,” New York Times, June 28, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/28/technology/tech-jobs-skills-college-degree.html.

26. US Census Bureau, “Highest Educational Levels Reached by Adults in U.S. Since 1940,” Census.gov, March 30, 2017, https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2017/cb17-51.html.

27. Brian Rohrig, “Smartphones, Smart Chemistry,” ChemMatters, April–May 2015, https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/past-issues/archive-2014-2015/smartphones.html.

Chapter 4

1. Whitney Johnson, interview with Don Cantore and John Gooch, audio recording, Lexington, VA, July 31, 2017 and August 2, 2017.

2. Inc.com, Global Partners’ ranking on the Inc. 5000 page, 2017, https://www.inc.com/profile/globalization-partners.

3. Whitney Johnson, “You’re Interviewing, and Pregnant,” LinkedIn, November 26, 2013, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20131126192300-3414257-you-re-interviewing-and-pregnant?trk=pulse_spock-articles.

4. Heidi Grant Halvorson, No One Understands You and What to Do About It (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 12.

5. Janice Harper, “The Gentle Genocide of Workplace Mobbing,” Just Us Justice, Academic Women for Justice.org, 2010, http://www.academicwomenforjustice.org/downloads/gentle-genocide.pdf.

6. David McCullough, The Wright Brothers (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015), 116.

7. Eric Liu, Guiding Lights: The People Who Lead Us Toward Our Purpose in Life (New York: Random House, 2004), 57–62.

8. Carsten Wrosch, “Self-Regulation of Unattainable Goals and Pathways to Quality of Life” in The Oxford Handbook of Stress, Health, and Coping, edited by Susan Folkman (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 320.

9. “Surfers Only Spend 8% of the Time Riding Waves,” Surfer Today, http://www.surfertoday.com/surfing/7653-surfers-only-spend-8-of-the-time-riding-waves.

10. Elder J. Devn Cornish, “Am I Good Enough? Will I Make It?” The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, October 2016, https://www.lds.org/general-conference/2016/10/am-i-good-enough-will-i-make-it?lang=eng.

Chapter 5

1. Whitney Johnson, interview with Telisa Yancy, audio recording, Lexington, VA, August 2, 2017.

2. Amanda Imber, “Help Employees Innovate By Giving Them the Right Challenge,” Harvard Business Review, October 17, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/10/help-employees-innovate-by-giving-them-the-right-challenge.

3. Francesca Gino, “Are You Too Stressed to Be Productive? Or Not Stressed Enough?” Harvard Business Review, April 14, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/04/are-you-too-stressed-to-be-productive-or-not-stressed-enough.

4. Jean Martin and Conrad Schmidt, “How to Keep Your Top Talent,” Harvard Business Review, May 2010.

5. Alice Truong, “After Analyzing 200 Founders’ Postmortems, Researchers Say These Are the Reasons Startups Fail,” Quartz Media “Lesson Learned” page, May 12, 2016, https://qz.com/682517/after-analyzing-200-founders-postmortems-researchers-say-these-are-the-reasons-startups-fail/.

Chapter 6

1. Ron Chernow, Alexander Hamilton (New York: Penguin Books, 2004), 152.

2. Carol Hymowitz, “American Firms Want to Keep Older Workers a Bit Longer,” Bloomberg Businessweek, December 16, 2016, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-12-16/american-firms-want-to-keep-older-workers-a-bit-longer.

3. Bryce G. Hoffman, American Icon: Alan Mulally and the Fight to Save Ford Motor Company (New York: Random House, 2012), 121.

4. J.P. Dunlon, “CEO of the Year Alan Mulally: The Road Ahead,” Chief Executive, June 27, 2011, http://chiefexecutive.net/ceo-of-the-year-alan-mulally-the-road-ahead/.

5. Donald A. Schon, “Champions for Radical New Inventions,” Harvard Business Review, March–April 1963.

6. Rosalind C. Barnett and Caryl Rivers, “How the ‘New Discrimination’ Is Holding Women Back,” Catalyst, April 17, 2014, http://www.catalyst.org/zing/how-new-discrimination-holding-women-back.

7. Therese Huston, “Research: We Are Way Harder on Female Leaders Who Make Bad Calls,” Harvard Business Review, April 21, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/04/research-we-are-way-harder-on-female-leaders-who-make-bad-calls.

8. Amy C. Edmonson, “Strategies for Learning from Failure,” Harvard Business Review, April 2011, https://hbr.org/2011/04/strategies-for-learning-from-failure.

9. Richard Feloni, “Stephen Colbert Shares the Best Lesson of His Career, Learned as an Improv Student at Second City,” Business Insider, August 19, 2015, http://www.businessinsider.com/stephen-colbert-best-career-lesson-2015-8.

10. Henry J. Eyring, Mormon Scientist: The Life and Faith of Henry Eyring (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2007), 27.

Chapter 7

1. Megan Reitz and John Higgins, “The Problem with Saying ‘My Door Is Always Open,’ ” Harvard Business Review, March 9, 2017, https://hbr.org/2017/03/the-problem-with-saying-my-door-is-always-open.

2. Whitney Johnson, interview with Stacey Petrey, audio recording, Lexington, VA, March 29, 2017.

3. Jeffrey Sonnenfeld, “CEO Exit Schedules: A Season to Stay, a Season to Go,” Fortune, May 6, 2015, http://fortune.com/2015/05/06/ceo-tenure-cisco/.

4. Kristen Frasch, “CEO Turnover vs. CEO Tenure: Two Takes,” HRE Daily page, January 25, 2016, http://blog.hreonline.com/ 2016/01/25/ceo-turnover-vs-ceo-tenure-two-takes/.

5. Whitney Johnson, “Marshall Goldsmith and Whitney Johnson—CEOs Should Have Term Limits,” YouTube, February 22, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBBh1z4U3uE.

Conclusion

1. Paul Nunes and Tim Breene, Jumping the S-Curve: How to Beat the Growth Cycle, Get on Top, and Stay There (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2011), 152–156.

2. Ann Lamott, Help, Thanks, Wow: The Three Essential Prayers (New York: Penguin, 2012), 86.

3. Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin.

4. “Maker Culture,” Wikipedia, last modified October 16, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maker_culture.