Chapter 2
1. Manuel G. Velasquez, Business Ethics: Concepts and Cases, 6th ed. (Delhi: Pearson Education, 2007), p. 22.
2. R. V Badi and N. V Badi, Business Ethics (Delhi: Vrinda Publications, 2005).
3. The American Heritage Dictionary, 1st ed. (New York: American Heritage Publishing Company, 1969). Cited in Paul W. Taylor, Principles of Ethics: An Introduction, Encino, CA: Dickenson Publishing Company, 1975).
4. O. C. Ferrel, John Paul Fraedrich, and Linda Ferrel, Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases, 6th ed. (New Delhi: Bizantra, 2005).
5. William H. Shaw, Business Ethics, 4th ed. (Singapore: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2002).
6. Ibid., p. 9.
7. Ibid., p. 11.
8. Poonam Sharma and Kanika T. Bhal, Managerial Ethics—Dilemmas and Decision Making (New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2004).
9. Ibid., p. 11.
10. William H. Shaw, Business Ethics, 4th ed. (Singapore: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2002), p. 33.
11. See Note 2.
12. See Note 1.
13. See Note 10.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., pp. 46–47.
16. Hendry Sidgwick, Methods of Ethics, 7th ed. (Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press, 1962).
17. John Stuart Mill, cited in John Hasnas, The Normative Theories of Business Ethics—A Guide for the Perplexed, Business Ethics and Corporate Governance, Book of Readings (Hyderabad: ICFAI Center for Management Research, 1998).
18. John Hasnas, The Normative Theories of Business Ethics—A Guide for the Perplexed, Business Ethics and Corporate Governance, Book of Readings (Hyderabad: ICFAI Center for Management Research, 1998).
19. Milton Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1962), p. 133.
20. Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations IV–V(London, UK: Penguin, 1999), p. 45.
21. Robert C. Solomon, Ethics and Excellence: Cooperation and Integrity in Business (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992). Cited in John Hasnas, The Normative Theories of Business Ethics—A Guide for the Perplexed, Business Ethics and Corporate Governance, Book of Readings, (Hyderabad: ICFAI Center for Management Research, 1998).
22. John Hasnas, The Normative Theories of Business Ethics—A Guide for the Perplexed, Business Ethics and Corporate Governance, Book of Readings (Hyderabad: ICFAI Center for Management Research, 1998).
23. E. Freeman and D. Reed, “Stockholders and Stakeholders: A New Perspective on Corporate Governance.”, In C. Huizinga ed. Corporate Governance: A Definitive Exploration of the Issues (Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Extension Press, 1983).
24. Evan and Freeman, cited in John Hasnas, “The Normative Theories of Business Ethics: A Guide for the Perplexed,” Business Ethics Quarterly (January 1998) 8: 25–26.
25. John Hasnas, “The Normative Theories of Business Ethics: A Guide for the Perplexed,” Business Ethics Quarterly (January 1998), 8: 19–42.
26. Ibid.
27. Clive Smallman, “Exploring Theoretical Paradigms in Corporate Governance,” International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics (2004), 1 (1): 78–94.
28. See Note 8.
29. See Note 17.
30. Thomas Donaldson, Corporation and Morality (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1982), Chapter 2.
31. Ibid.
32. Michael Greener, Penguin Dictionary of Commerce (Middlesex, UK: Penguin Books, 1979).
33. Thomas Donaldson, “Ethics of International Business.” in Thomas J. Donaldson and Edward Freeman, eds. The Ruffin Series in Business Ethics, 56, Oxford University Press, US, 1992.
34. Second Vatican Council, Gaudium et Spes Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World (Vatican City: Vatican, 1965).
35. Encyclical, 1891.
36. Pastoral document, 1965.
37. Edward P DeBerri et al., Catholic Social Teaching, Our Best Kept Secret (New York: Orbis Books, 1985).
38. Padman Govindarajan, “Secret of Action in Bhagawad-Gita,” available at www.salagram.net/GP-ActionBG.html
39. SABCL. “Essays on the Gita, with Sanskrit Text and Translation of the Gita,” available at www.writespirit.net/inspirational_talks/talks_by_sri_aurobindo/the_message_of_the_gita_by_sri_aurobindo/sankhyayoga_(chapter_ii)
40. N. Vittal, “Role ofVigilance and Its Process in Arresting Corruption,” 7 January 2001, available at http://cvc.nic.in/vscvc/cvcspeeches/jan2k1.html
41. Subhamoy Das, “Learn a Verse from the Bhagavad Gita,” 2007, available at http://hinduism.about.com/od/thegita/qt/gitaverse.htm
42. Bhagavad Gita, available at http://sss.vn.ua/bh_g_eng.htm#Chapter%20IV
43. Subhamoy Das, “Learn a Verse from the Bhagavad Gita,” 2007, available at http://hinduism.about.com/od/thegita/qt/gitaverse.htm
44. The Vedanta Society of Japan (Nippon Vedanta Kyokai), available at http://vedanta.jp/en/tvk/06/KyokaiJAug-Oct06.txt
45. Al-Bukhari, 1934. Cited in Muzammil H. Siddiqi, “Business Ethics in Islam,” 2007, available at www.pakistanlink.com/Religion/2004/12172004.htm
46. Muzammil H. Siddiqi, “Business Ethics in Islam,” 2007, available at www.pakistanlink.com/Religion/2004/12172004.htm
47. Will McSheehy and Shanthy Nambiar, “Islamic Bond Fatwas Surge on Million-Dollar Scholars,” May 1, 2007, available at www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601109&sid=a.DsH16oTM6U&refer=home
48. Shailesh Menon, “Shariah Index Can Woo Islamic Funds,” available at http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Create_Shariah_index_and_watch_Islamic_funds_flow_in/articleshow/1982487.cms
The author is obliged to the following two groups of EPGDBM students (indicated by 1 and 7) for the basic inputs produced by them to this case study:
1. M. S. Somasundram, B. Sai Ramesh, and A. Valliappan, “Biocon and its (Un)Ethical Practices,” unpublished report (Chennai: LIBA, 2007).
2. Correspondent, “Biocon picks up 70% in German pharma co AxiCorp for e30 mn” The Economic Times, 11 February 2008, available at http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Industry/Healthcare_Biotech/Biocon_picks_up_70_in_German_pharma_co_ AxiCorp_for_e30_mn/articleshow/2774679.cms
3. Kiran Mazumdar Shaw, “Innovation to Deliver Affordability,” Biocon Ltd., The Economic Times, 30 July 2007.
4. Biocon, “Products & Services,” 2007 available at www.biocon.com/biocon_products.asp
5. Venkatesha Babu, “Clean Cut From the Past,” Business Today, 10 August, 2007, Available at http://businesstoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?issueid=18&id=1012&option=com_content&task=view
6. Biocon Press Release, available at www.biocon.com/biocon_press_release_details.asp?subLink=news&Fileid=926.
7. Ramani, N. Srinivasan, T. Suchithra, and S. Sudha, “Unethical Clinical Trials and Drug Testing by Biocon,” unpublished report (Chennai: LIBA, 2006).
8. Vera Hassner Sharav, “Fast Growing Business: Unethical Clinical Trials in India,” Alliance for Human Research Protection, 27 July 2004, available at www.ahrp.org/infomail/04/07/27.php
9. Robert Fee, “The Cost of Clinical Trials: Drug Discovery and Development,” 1 March 2007, available at www.dddmag.com/the-cost-of-clinical-trials-aspx
10. P. T. Jyothi Datta, “Clinical Trial Market to Fall Short of Billion-Dollar Projection,” The Hindu Business Line, 14 October 2008.
11. Pratap Ravindran, “Clincal Trial on Trial,” The Hindu Business Line, 1 November, 2004, available at www.thehindubusinessline.com/2004/11/01/stories/2004110100150900.htm
12. See Note 8.
13. Ibid.
14. See Note 7.
15. Scott Carney, “Testing Drugs on India’s Poor” Truthout, 2005, available at www.truthout.org/cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi/33/16613
16. Correspondent, “AP pips B’lore in Biocon Deal” The Times of India, 17 February 2007, available at http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1630228.cms
17. Nandita Vijay, “Biocon to Enhance Trade Operations,” 27 July 2006, Pharmabiz.com, available at www.pharmabiz.com/article/detnews.asp?articleid=34481§ionid=50
18. Bureau, “Karnataka Refers Biocon’s Procedural Lapse to DCGI” The Hindu Business Line, 4 April 2006, available at www.thehindubusinessline.com/2006/04/04/stories/2006040402040500.htm