Appendix: Cyborg “Fingercaps” and Resources

While researching and writing this book, I came across several inspirational projects that led to many different project ideas of my own. One piece that I was especially drawn to was a set of 3D-printed fingernails developed by Studio XO (mentioned in Chapter 14 ) for Lexus. You can see the full video explaining the collaboration online at https://vimeo.com/102814854 .

I had recently seen cyborg artist Neil Harbisson (mentioned in Chapter 13 ) give a talk about his experiences as a cyborg and the work he has done with the Cyborg Foundation. I found that I was curious about cyborg enhancements myself, but not enough to actually implant something in my body. I decided I wanted to create a way to try out different augmentations. The most common place to get this type of implant in the body seems to be the fingertip. Borrowing from the concepts of 3D-printed fingernails and Katia Vega’s Beauty Tech nails (from Chapter 12 ), I decided to make a kit of Cyborg Fingercaps: a set of modular 3D-printed pieces that fit on the top of your finger and can be customized to include cyborg enhancements such as magnets, RFID tags, NFC chips, USB drives, and more. This project, shown in Figure A-1 , ties together a lot of the themes and techniques explained in this book.

A370783_1_En_BookBackmatter_Fig1_HTML.jpg
Figure A-1. Cyborg Fingercaps by Deren Guler

Harbisson made the important point during his talk that if we are able to turn the enhancements on and off, our brains won’t accept them as an extension of our bodies. If you’ve ever removed a ring after wearing it for a long period of time, you’ve probably noticed that your finger feels a bit odd—some say their fingers feel “naked.” With the fingercaps, my hope is that if worn continuously they may feel like an extension of the finger, a bit like a prosthetic.

Recipe for Cyborg Fingercaps

First I list the tools and materials I used when developing this kit. The fingercaps could be made with different methods—for example, they could be cast or carved. I chose 3D printing because it allowed for quick iterations of different designs.

You need the following materials :

  • LED lights (3 mm or surface mount)

  • Small coin batteries

  • Rare earth magnet (14" disc or smaller)

  • RFID tag

  • NFC chip

  • Thermochromatic paint

  • Photoluminscent paint

  • Tilt-ball switch

  • Thin-gauge wire

  • Nail polish

  • Transparent filament

  • Thin padding or cushion material

  • Glue dots

  • USB drive

You also need these tools :

  • Soldering iron

  • 3D printer

  • Wire cutters and strippers

  • 3D scanner (optional)

  • Calipers

  • Electrical tape

Follow these steps:

  1. Measure your fingertips, around which the fingercaps will go. You can do this through traditional means by measuring them with calipers, or you can use 3D-scanning technology (described in Chapter 8 ).

  2. Decide how you’d like the fingercaps to look, and model them. Figure A-2 shows three of the fingercaps I modeled. Several different modeling programs are available, many of which are detailed in Chapter 8 .

    A370783_1_En_BookBackmatter_Fig2_HTML.jpg
    Figure A-2. Three different fingercap models

  3. Print out the models on a 3D printer using transparent or white filament. If you do not have access to a 3D printer , you can most likely find one at your local makerspace, hackerspace, or fablab. 3D Hubs provides a database of venues with 3D printers around the world. There are also services online that let you mail-order 3D models to be printed, such as Ponoko and Shapeways. I used an Ultimaker Extended to print out my models at my local fablab; you can see a picture of the process in Figure A-3 .

    A370783_1_En_BookBackmatter_Fig3_HTML.jpg
    Figure A-3. Models being printed on an Ultimaker 2

  4. Depending on the quality of your printer, there may be rough edges around the corners or your print. You can use sandpaper or a file to lightly brush off any unevenness along the surface. You want the surfaces to be smooth, especially if you are planning to paint them!

  5. Build the circuits that you want to embed into the fingercaps. For the first version, I chose to build an LED throwie : a simple circuit composed of just an LED and a battery. To make these circuits resilient, I chose to solder them together.

  6. Paint the fingercaps using your desired paints . I used a combination of nail polish, spray paint, thermochromatic (heat sensitive) and photochromatic (glow-in-the dark) paints. The thermochromatic paint serves as a temperature sensor, in that it changes color when it is over a certain threshold temperature as explained in Chapter 7 . The photochromatic paint serves as a light sensor, in that it gives off a faint light or glow in the dark. You can see the parts and tools I used in Figures A-4 and A-5 .

    A370783_1_En_BookBackmatter_Fig4_HTML.jpg
    Figure A-4. Parts and tools for building circuits and painting the fingercaps
    A370783_1_En_BookBackmatter_Fig5_HTML.jpg
    Figure A-5. Closeup of fingercap embedded with a magnet

  7. Place the circuits into the fingercaps such that the LED lights shine through one of the sides. Other objects you wish to embed, like the magnet, you can attach with a non-permanent but strong adhesive such as glue dots. Test each fingercap to make sure the circuit or object is visible or effective from the outside.

  8. Try them on! If they are uncomfortable or loose, you may want to add some thin padding or coat the inside with a thin layer of silicone. You may also choose to make some changes to the circuits based on how they feel and work when you are wearing them. For example, do you want the light to shine outward , away from your finger, or inward, toward your hand, like the thumb and index fingers in Figure A-6 ?

    A370783_1_En_BookBackmatter_Fig6_HTML.jpg
    Figure A-6. Trying on the fingercaps

  9. To notice the effects , you must wear the fingercaps continuously for a period of time—at least a few days. Depending on how comfortable they are, you will probably want to remove them at night. I chose a geometric design with a lot of sharp corners; I will try to make a version that is designed to be more comfortable in version 2.

Additional Resources

Following is a list of additional resources for topics discussed throughout the book:

Chapter 1 : A Brief History of Wearables

Chapter 2 : Wearable Fictions

Chapter 3 : From Textiles to Wearables

Chapter 5 : Making Electronics Sewable

Chapter 6 : Soft Circuits

Chapter 7 : Materials That Matter

Chapter 8 : Digital Design for Wearables

Chapter 9 : Digital Fabrication for Wearables

Chapter 10 : Designing for the Body, on the Body

Chapter 11 : Wearable Wellness

Chapter 12 : Beauty Tech

Chapter 14 : Activated Garments

Chapter 15 : Wearable Costumes

Chapter 16 : Speculations on Wearable Futures

Index

A

  1. Adrenaline dress

  2. Aniomagic

  3. Apple Watch

  4. Arduino Flora

  5. Artificial hair

  6. Arts and wearables

    1. batteries

    2. Body Covering

    3. camera

    4. cost

    5. electric ballet

    6. Electric Girl Lighting Company

    7. electric headband, La Farandole

B

  1. Baby monitors

    1. babywear

    2. Mimo

    3. MonBaby

    4. Owlet and smartphone

    5. Owlet Smart Sock

  2. Bag of Tricks

    1. Bond’s mission

    2. camera

    3. Digital Angel chip

    4. Evena Eyes-On glasses

    5. polarizing glasses

    6. radio transmitter

    7. smart watches

  3. Beauty technology

    1. and dermatology

SeeDermatology and technology

  1. electronics and digital devices

  2. fashion

  3. hairware

  4. human-computer interaction (HCI)

  5. living makeup

  6. makeup

  7. medicine

  8. nails

  9. Omote mask

  10. research

  11. tattoos

SeeTattoos

  1. technologist

  2. wearables

  1. BioCouture

  2. Biomimetics

  3. Bionic engineering

  4. Biophysical sensing

  5. Bracing

  6. Brain-computer interface (BCI)

C

  1. Cannabis plant

  2. Catalytic clothing

  3. Chromat

  4. Chromatic materials

    1. hypercolor fabric changing color

    2. interactions

    3. photochromatic

    4. thermochromatic

  5. Circuits

    1. basic light circuit

    2. components

    3. conductors and insulators

    4. current

    5. definition

    6. designing and troubleshooting

    7. light circuit

    8. polarity, LED

    9. power sources

      1. batteries

      2. datasheet

      3. factors, choosing power source

      4. LED

      5. types of batteries

    10. resistance

    11. series vs. parallel

    12. short circuit

    13. soft

    14. source

    15. testing, LED

    16. voltage

    17. wearables

  6. Costume housing biosensors

  7. Crafting circuits

    1. art of

    2. collection

    3. comprehensive and whimsical approach

    4. electronics store

    5. function and materials

    6. interdisciplinary practices

    7. Kobakant

    8. nonconventional materials

    9. online

    10. raw material

    11. sewing and electronics

    12. textile sensor database

  8. Culture and society

    1. costs and benefits

    2. new trends and materials

    3. privacy

    4. robotics

  9. Cyborg

    1. fingercaps

      1. building circuits and painting

      2. circuits

      3. 3D Hubs

      4. different modeling programs

      5. 3D printing

      6. effects

      7. embedded with magnet

      8. Harbisson

      9. LED lights

      10. lighting

      11. materials

      12. measures

      13. paints

      14. planning

      15. printer quality

      16. and resources

      17. tools

      18. Ultimaker

  10. Cyborgs and bionics

    1. artists

      1. Moon Ribas

      2. Neil Harbisson

      3. Stelarc

      4. Wafaa Bilal

    2. bodyhackers

    3. cyborgism

    4. definition

    5. foundation

    6. LEDs

    7. magnetic implants

    8. NFC chips

    9. research

SeeResearch, cyborgs

  1. Cyborg-themed products

    1. devices, vision development and correction

    2. earwear

    3. eyewear

SeeEidos eyewear

  1. headphones

  2. night vision

  3. VibeAttire

D

  1. Dermatology and technology

    1. applications

    2. dermoPatch, Feeligreen company

    3. dermo-therapy

    4. MC10 BioStamp

    5. transient electronics

  2. Digital design

    1. complexity

    2. designers

    3. handcrafted design processes

    4. human body

      1. depth cameras

      2. 3D-scanning

      3. Open Fit workflow

      4. parametric

SeeParametric modeling

  1. photogrammetry

  2. software

  1. software

    1. choosing model

    2. 2D design tools

    3. 3D design tools

    4. 3D modeling, printing

  2. structured light scanning

  3. Tactum

SeeTactum

  1. Digital embroidery

  2. 3D-printed wax ring

  3. 3D printers

  4. 4D printing

    1. casting, lost-wax

    2. CNC machine

    3. design file and material specification

    4. developments

    5. flexible filaments

    6. printers types

    7. process and applications

    8. skirt and shoes

    9. textile structures

    10. wearable

E

  1. Education, textiles

    1. engineers

    2. higher, tech vs. textiles

    3. sewing class

  2. Eidos eyewear

    1. camera

    2. earmask

    3. eyemask

    4. perception

  3. Electric Girl Lighting Company

  4. Electroencephalography (EEG)

  5. Electroluminescent (EL) wire

  6. Electronics in clothing

    1. fabric

    2. fibers

    3. Intel’s Smart Fashion

    4. processes and tools

    5. Project Jacquard

    6. weaving

  7. Electronics sewable

    1. circuits

SeeCircuits

  1. custom-made kits

  2. e-textiles

  3. techniques

  1. Emotional Style

    1. Cardinal

    2. Chromat

    3. HugShirt

    4. muscle-activated wearable

    5. social body lab

    6. studio XO

  2. E-textiles

    1. circuits soft

SeeSoft circuits

  1. electronics

SeeElectronics sewable materials; Smart materials

  1. E-textiles toolkit assembly

  2. Eyewear

    1. analog tools

    2. camera

    3. computer inventions

    4. design

    5. fiber optic LED

    6. Private Eye wearable headset

    7. Reflection Technology

    8. video capability

F

  1. Fabric

    1. analog methods

    2. app-based services

    3. BioCouture

    4. catalytic clothing

    5. color of

    6. conductive materials and electronics

    7. consumer preference

    8. digital

    9. lifestyles

    10. marketing strategy

    11. materials

    12. mediated matter design

    13. retail displays

    14. spray-on clothes

    15. t-shirt vending machine store

    16. virtual dressing rooms

  2. Fabrication

    1. application

    2. digitized machines

      1. barriers

      2. design process

      3. embroidery

      4. knitting

      5. SoftWear Automation

    3. 3D printing

    4. fashion designers

    5. lasering

SeeLasering

  1. sensors and tools

  2. techniques

  1. Fabrickit modules

  2. Fabtronic Sewing Set

  3. Farenheit 451

  4. Fashion design

    1. accessories

    2. apparel design

    3. application

    4. conceptualization

    5. designers

    6. forecast

    7. patterns

    8. process

    9. selection, color, fabric and trim

    10. silhouettes

    11. style selection and feasibility

    12. technical sketch

  5. FashionLike

  6. Fashion pioneers

    1. Chalayan

      1. LED dresses

      2. Remote Control Dress

      3. technology and new materials

      4. theatrical performances

      5. transformer dress

      6. Turkish-Cypriot designer

    2. van Herpen

  7. Fashion safety

    1. haptic shoes

    2. In&motion system

    3. inflatable helmet

    4. no contact jacket

    5. USB necklace, safety

  8. Fitness trackers

    1. data

    2. Fitbit

    3. Jawbone

    4. measurable

    5. motivational tools

    6. style

    7. testing

    8. Vivosmart

  9. Flax plant

G

  1. Garments

    1. Chromat’s

    2. environmentally reactive

      1. dissolving clothes

      2. sparkle booties

      3. wearable façade

    3. interfaces

      1. digitizing shoes

      2. illuminated clothing

      3. mirror handbag

      4. mobile dress

      5. Nudgeables accessory kit

      6. t-shirt OS

  2. Gearbox

  3. Geordi’s VISOR

  4. Gestures and precise geometry

    1. control

    2. 3D model

    3. intelligent geometry

    4. intuitive and expressive

    5. intuitive interactions

    6. Motorola 360 smartwatch

    7. traditional CAD program

    8. touch and poke/pinch

    9. user-manipulation

    10. watch-band design

  5. Glowing materials

    1. EL wire

    2. LEDs

    3. optical fibers

H

  1. Hairware

  2. Harbisson, Neil

    1. awareness, cyborgism

    2. British artist

    3. eyeborg

    4. treatment, color-blindness

  3. Hemp

  4. Homemade bend sensor

    1. assembling

    2. conductive thread

    3. materials and tools

    4. neoprene/nonconductive fabric

    5. pressure sensor

    6. testing

    7. velostat

  5. Hook mechanism

I

  1. Intel Curie Compute Module

  2. INZECTIC

J, K

  1. Jute

L

  1. Laser

    1. components

    2. computer

    3. cutter

    4. cutting

      1. fabrics

      2. forms and patterns

      3. leather samples

      4. material

      5. natural fabrics

      6. templates and shapes, textiles

    5. textures

    6. welding

  2. Laser chakra dress

  3. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

  4. Light circuit

    1. conductive thread

    2. curling, leg of LED

    3. lightband

    4. light-up wristband

    5. materials

    6. negative loop

    7. positive loop

    8. sewing from positive to positive

    9. wristband

  5. LilyPad Arduino

M

  1. Macrotermes

  2. Magnet implants

    1. awareness

    2. interaction, objects

    3. lifting paperclips

    4. neodymium

    5. power transformers and microwaves

    6. sound-transmitting

  3. Makeup product

    1. Blinkifier

    2. conductive ink

    3. e-makeup circuit

    4. fake eyelashes

    5. FX e-makeup application

    6. Kinisi model with LEDs

    7. metalizing process

  4. Mann, S.

  5. Manufacturing, textiles

    1. artists

    2. cotton

    3. crocheting

    4. cultivation of fiber

    5. economic and social implications

    6. fabric

    7. felting

    8. fibers

    9. knitting

    10. knotting

    11. large-scale mechanical machines

    12. materials

    13. natural/artificial fibers

    14. tablecloth

    15. weaving process

  6. Medical and wellness wearables

    1. bracing

    2. challenges

    3. clothing

SeeSmart clothing

  1. concept products

  2. fitness

SeeFitness trackers

  1. fitness trackers

  2. posture

SeePosture

  1. quality of life

  2. technologies and products

  1. Medical bionics

    1. BCI

    2. noninvasive BCIs

    3. open

    4. prosthetic

SeeProsthetics

  1. restorative and enhanced

  2. retinal implants

  3. superhuman

  1. Muslins

N

  1. Nails

    1. Beauty Tech Nails

    2. conductive nail polish

    3. fake fingernails

    4. RFID glass capsules

  2. NanoSphere

  3. Nautilus

  4. Near-field communication (NFC) microchips

  5. Nike’s Power Lace shoes lacing

  6. Nitinol

  7. Noninvasive BCIs

  8. Nudgeables accessory kit

O

  1. Optical fibers

P

  1. Parametric modeling

    1. bracelet

    2. features, tools

    3. iterating, customizing and personalizing

    4. limitation

    5. object

    6. personalize design

  2. Photochromatism

  3. Polarizing glasses

  4. Polymorphic materials

  5. Posture

    1. JINS MEME

    2. Lumo Lift

    3. Prana

    4. products

    5. sensor

    6. suspenders project

      1. alligator clips

      2. attachment, bend sensors

      3. circuit

      4. completion

      5. curled legs, resistors

      6. DIY bend sensors

      7. fabric patch

      8. materials

      9. measurement, values

      10. microcontroller

      11. outputs and output patterns

      12. sensors

      13. sewing

      14. threshold value

    7. UPRIGHT posture

  6. Printed Circuit Shirt

  7. Prosthetics

    1. artificial device

    2. cable-operated limbs

    3. customized racer cover

    4. customized synthetic materials

    5. early developments

    6. materials and technologies

    7. myoelectric limb

    8. robotic

  8. Protein fibers

Q

  1. Quantum tunneling composite (QTC) materials

R

  1. Research, cyborg

    1. Mann

    2. Warwick

  2. Retinal implants

  3. Robotic prosthetics

  4. Robotics

S

  1. Schoeller textiles

  2. Sci-fi prophecies

    1. cyberpunk

    2. flatscreen TVs

    3. gadgets and devices

    4. Neuromancer

  3. Selective-laser sintering (SLS) 3D printer

  4. Sewing

    1. button

    2. cutting fabric

      1. guidelines

      2. smooth edge

    3. hand stitches

    4. hobby

    5. interfacing

    6. learning

    7. machines

    8. muslin

    9. pillow making

    10. projects and techniques

    11. running stitch

    12. scrap fabric

    13. skills

    14. starters

    15. techniques

    16. threading

    17. toolKit

    18. whipstitch

  5. Shape-changing materials

    1. polymorph

    2. SMA

    3. SMP

    4. types

  6. Shape memory alloys (SMAs)

  7. Shape memory polymer (SMP)

    1. changes

    2. electro-active

    3. light-induced

    4. plastic

    5. returning

    6. thermoactive

  8. Silkworms

  9. Skin centric interfaces

    1. 3D-model

    2. human-computer interaction

    3. interactions

    4. mobile computing

    5. natural gestures

    6. proprioceptive qualities

    7. sensors and projectors

  10. Smart clothing

    1. e-textiles

    2. glove

    3. sensors, babies

SeeBaby monitors

  1. techstyles

    1. Clothing +

    2. fashion designers

    3. Hexoskin’s biometric shirt

    4. iTBra

  1. Smart materials

    1. bend sensor, homemade

    2. categories

    3. chromatic

    4. designers and engineers

    5. e-textiles

    6. fabrication techniques

    7. glowing

      1. EL wire

      2. optical fibers

    8. piezoelectric

    9. protective

      1. BIONIC Aramid

      2. C_change

      3. GORE

      4. INZECTIC

      5. macotermes

      6. NanoSphere

      7. Schoeller Textiles

      8. X-Bionic

      9. Xitanit

    10. QTC

    11. shape changing

    12. thread

      1. choosing

      2. conductive fabrics

      3. conductiveness, common metals

      4. conductive yarn

      5. durable connection

      6. Electrolycra

      7. iron-on coating

      8. ribbons and tapes

      9. soft circuit

      10. super-light mesh

      11. tin/copper/cobalt plate

      12. types

      13. velostat

  2. Smart watches

  3. Social robotics

  4. Soft circuits

    1. crafting

    2. designing, soft switch

    3. e-textiles

    4. fabrics and threads

    5. materials

    6. printed circuit shirt

    7. projects

    8. sewing skills

    9. toolkit assembling

  5. Soft switch design

    1. assembling and closing, button

    2. conductive fabric

    3. construction, button

    4. fabric enclosures

    5. felt

    6. foam with holes

    7. momentary switch

    8. nonconductive thread

    9. push-button test circuit

    10. sandwich

    11. square piece of foam

    12. square pieces of scrap fabric

    13. testing with multimeter

    14. textile closures

    15. textile push-button

    16. toggle

    17. variations

  6. SoftWear automation’s LOWRY

  7. Spray-on clothes

  8. Star Trek

    1. communicators

    2. Geordi’s VISOR

    3. sci-fi TV and movie series

    4. tricorders

  9. Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer

  10. Stitching mechanism

  11. Structured light scanning works

    1. benefits and tradeoffs

    2. 3D scanning

    3. DSLR cameras and LED lights

    4. high-resolution

  12. Studio XO

  13. Superhuman bionics

  14. Synthetic fibers

T

  1. Tactum

    1. applications

    2. computer interfaces

    3. designer’s

    4. 3D modeling back end

      1. animated digital geometry

      2. digital geometry

      3. 3D printing

      4. fabrication-aware design

      5. forearm

      6. projected

      7. wearable design, tactile interactions

    5. 3D-modeling tool

    6. gesture-based interface

    7. gestures

SeeGestures and precise geometry

  1. physical artifacts

  2. sensing

    1. detection, tactile interaction

    2. range of natural gestures

    3. single depth sensor

    4. tracking

    5. workstation

  3. skin interactions

SeeSkin centric interfaces

  1. Tattoos

    1. conductive

    2. LEDs lights

      1. battery

      2. circuit

      3. circuit traces with conductive ink

      4. design and sketch

      5. glue dots

      6. marker

      7. materials

      8. stickers

      9. surface area

      10. tapes

      11. test circuit, hand

  2. Textiles

    1. artists

    2. education

    3. electronic devices

    4. exporters

    5. fashion design

SeeFashion design

  1. industry

  2. process manufacturing

SeeManufacturing, textiles

  1. Textile companies

  2. Textiles social and economic impacts

  3. Tricorders

  4. TshirtOS

U

  1. U.S. army’s Tactical Assault Light Operator Suit

V

  1. Van Herpen I.

  2. Velostat

  3. VibeAttire

W

  1. Warwick, K.

  2. Wearable costumes

    1. actuation

    2. energy harvesting

    3. haptic devices

    4. performance and haptics

      1. custom-made fabric capacitance sensors

      2. haptic feedback

      3. LED sneakers, hip-hop dance performance

      4. small motors

    5. sensing performers

      1. Arduino LilyPad

      2. DIY breath sensor

      3. heap sings

      4. Midi Dancer system

      5. sensor system, gloves

      6. skin-tone cuffs

    6. sensors, performance

    7. technology vs. performance

  3. Wearable designmaterials

SeeSmart materials

  1. Wearable Façade

  2. Wearable Motherboard

  3. Wearables

    1. abacus

    2. arts

SeeArts and wearables

  1. body architecture

  2. clock-watch

  3. computational device

  4. culture

SeeCulture and society

  1. designing and making

  2. developments

  3. digital fabrication

SeeFabrication

  1. digital watch

  2. electric shock

  3. Eudaumons’ shoe computer

  4. eyewear

SeeEyewear

  1. fabric

SeeFabric and fabrication

  1. fashion

SeeFashion pioneers

  1. fiction

    1. Bag of Tricks

    2. Batsuit

    3. bionics and biomimetics

    4. concept

    5. diegetic prototypes

    6. evolution of technology

    7. Exoskeleton

    8. minority report

    9. power laces

    10. Sci-fi

SeeSci-fi prophecies

  1. smart watches

  2. speculative

  3. Star Trek

SeeStar Trek

  1. TV glasses

  2. weapons-based martial arts fighters

  3. women bracelets

  1. hardware problems

  2. hearing aid

  3. history of

  4. radio waves

  5. research

  6. ring, watch

  7. technology

  8. textile

SeeTextiles

  1. timing device

  2. tools

  3. wearer

  4. wristwatch

  1. Weaving

  2. Wool

X, Y, Z

  1. Xitanit

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