You can use either the signal name or number. These signal numbers sometimes vary from system to system, so view the manual page for signal, usually in section 5, to see the list of signals on your system. A list of some of the most frequently used signal numbers and corresponding signals follows:
Signal Number | Signal |
---|---|
1 | SIGHUP |
2 | SIGINT |
3 | SIGQUIT |
9 | SIGKILL |
15 | SIGTERM |
24 | SIGSTOP |
To kill a process with id 234 with SIGKILL, you would issue the following command:
$ kill -9 234
| | |
| | |> process id (PID)
| |> signal number
|> kill command to terminate the process
showmount is used to show all remote systems (clients) that have mounted a local file system. showmount is useful for determining the file systems that are most often mounted by clients with NFS. The output of showmount is particularly easy to read because it lists the host name and directory that was mounted by the client.
NFS servers often end up serving many NFS clients that were not originally intended to be served. This situation ends up consuming additional UNIX system resources on the NFS server, as well as additional network bandwidth. Keep in mind that any data transferred from an NFS server to an NFS client consumes network bandwidth, and in some cases, may be a substantial amount of bandwith if large files or applications are being transferred from the NFS server to the client. The following example is a partial output of showmount taken from a system. showmount runs on the HP-UX, AIX, and Linux systems I have been using throughout this chapter, but not on the Solaris system:
# showmount -a
sys100.ct.mp.com:/applic
sys101.ct.mp.com:/applic
sys102.cal.mp.com:/applic
sys103.cal.mp.com:/applic
sys104.cal.mp.com:/applic
sys105.cal.mp.com:/applic
sys106.cal.mp.com:/applic
sys107.cal.mp.com:/applic
sys108.cal.mp.com:/applic
sys109.cal.mp.com:/applic
sys200.cal.mp.com:/usr/users
sys201.cal.mp.com:/usr/users
sys202.cal.mp.com:/usr/users
sys203.cal.mp.com:/usr/users
sys204.cal.mp.com:/usr/users
sys205.cal.mp.com:/usr/users
sys206.cal.mp.com:/usr/users
sys207.cal.mp.com:/usr/users
sys208.cal.mp.com:/usr/users
sys209.cal.mp.com:/usr/users
The three following options are available for the showmount command:
-a | prints output in the format “name:directory,” as shown above. |
-d | lists all the local directories that have been remotely mounted by clients. |
-e | prints a list of exported file systems. |
The following are examples of showmount -d and showmount -e:
# showmount -d
/applic
/usr/users
/usr/oracle
/usr/users/emp.data
/network/database
/network/users
/tmp/working
# showmount -e
export list for server101.cal.mp.com
/applic
/usr/users
/cdrom
18.221.185.155