Footnotes
Preface
1. The CMMI Framework is the basic structure that organizes CMMI components and combines them into CMMI constellations and models.
2. A constellation is a collection of CMMI components that are used to construct models, training materials, and appraisal related documents for an area of interest (e.g., development, acquisition, services).
3. An appraisal is an examination of one or more processes by a trained team of professionals using a reference model (e.g., CMMI-ACQ) as the basis for determining strengths and weaknesses.
4. A process area is a cluster of related practices in an area that, when implemented collectively, satisfies a set of goals considered important for making improvement in that area. This concept is covered in detail in Chapter 2.
Chapter 1
1. In CMMI-ACQ, the terms project and acquirer refer to the acquisition project; the term organization refers to the acquisition organization.
2. A core process area is a process area that is common to all CMMI models. A shared process area is shared by at least two CMMI models, but not all of them.
3. EIA 731 SECM is the Electronic Industries Alliance standard 731, or the Systems Engineering Capability Model. INCOSE SECAM is the International Council on Systems Engineering Systems Engineering Capability Assessment Model [EIA 2002a].
Chapter 3
1. For more information about appraisals, refer to Appraisal Requirements for CMMI and the Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement Method Definition Document [SEI 2006c, SEI 2006b].
2. The Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPI) method is described in Chapter 5.
3. See Table 7.2 in the Generic Goals and Generic Practices section of Part Two for more information about the dependencies between generic practices and process areas.
Chapter 5
1. Experience has shown that the most critical factor influencing successful process improvement and appraisals is senior management sponsorship.
Chapter 6
1. The Requirements Development process area is at maturity level 3 in the CMMI for Development (CMMI-DEV) model; the Requirements Development practices are in a maturity level 3 process area in the CMMI for Services (CMMI-SVC) model called Service System Development.
2. Principal products throughout IPIC and prior program development are the mathematical models and the statistical analysis that goes with them. Everything else derives from those efforts. In IPIC, statistical analysis is not simply the routine practice of checking a box; it is the heart of what the program is about.
3. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, Department of Defense, or U.S. government.
4. Adedeji B. Badiru and Marlin U. Thomas, Handbook of Military Industrial Engineering, Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2009; George R. Freeman, Achieving Strategic Aims: Moving Toward a Process-Based Government Enterprise, Chapter 27, p. 27-2.
5. CMMI-ACQ: Guidelines for Improving the Acquisition of Products and Services, p. 175.
6. We do not use the expression “acquisition of a system of systems,” as it implies acquisition of a monolithic nature that is counter to the concept of a system of systems in which autonomy of the constituents is a prime consideration. As a colleague once said, “Systems of systems are accreted, not designed.” This statement may be a bit strong, but it conveys a relevant and meaningful notion.
7. “Lettres Provinciales,” No. 16 (1657).
8. Scott Rosenberg, “Dreaming in Code.”
9. www.sei.cmu.edu/architecture/tools/qaw/index.cfm
12. www.sei.cmu.edu/library/abstracts/reports/10tn002.cfm
13. www.agilemodeling.com/essays/agileSoftwareDevelopment.htm
14. Several reported results conclude that by using Agile methods, costs decrease from as little as 5 percent to as much as 61 percent, with schedule decreasing from as little as 24 percent to as much as 58 percent, and cumulative defects decreasing from as little as 11 percent to as much as 83 percent [www.davidfrico.com/agile-book.htm].
15. IEEE P1648 is a draft standard. See www.standards.ieee.org/announcements/pr_1490p1648.html.