- Unity 5.x Cookbook
- Table of Contents
- Unity 5.x Cookbook
- Credits
- Foreword
- About the Authors
- About the Reviewers
- www.PacktPub.com
- Preface
- 1. Core UI – Messages, Menus, Scores, and Timers
- Introduction
- Displaying a "Hello World" UI text message
- Displaying a digital clock
- Displaying a digital countdown timer
- Creating a message that fades away
- Displaying a perspective 3D text message
- Displaying an image
- Creating UI Buttons to move between scenes
- Organizing images inside panels and changing panel depths via buttons
- Displaying the value of an interactive UI Slider
- Displaying a countdown timer graphically with a UI Slider
- Displaying a radar to indicate the relative locations of objects
- Creating UIs with the Fungus open-source dialog system
- Setting custom mouse cursor images
- Input Fields component for text entry
- Toggles and radio buttons via Toggle Groups
- Conclusion
- 2. Inventory GUIs
- Introduction
- Creating a simple 2D mini-game – SpaceGirl
- Displaying single object pickups with carrying and not-carrying text
- Displaying single object pickups with carrying and not-carrying icons
- Displaying multiple pickups of the same object with text totals
- Displaying multiple pickups of the same object with multiple status icons
- Revealing icons for multiple object pickups by changing the size of a tiled image
- Displaying multiple pickups of different objects as a list of text via a dynamic List<> of PickUp objects
- Displaying multiple pickups of different objects as text totals via a dynamic Dictionary<> of PickUp objects and "enum" pickup types
- Generalizing multiple icon displays using UI Grid Layout Groups (with scrollbars!)
- Conclusion
- 3. 2D Animation
- Introduction
- Flipping a sprite horizontally
- Animating body parts for character movement events
- Creating a 3-frame animation clip to make a platform continually animate
- Making a platform start falling once stepped-on using a Trigger to move animation from one state to another
- Creating animation clips from sprite sheet sequences
- Conclusion
- 4. Creating Maps and Materials
- Introduction
- Creating a basic material with Standard Shader (Specular setup)
- Adapting a basic material from Specular setup to Metallic
- Applying Normal maps to a material
- Adding Transparency and Emission maps to a material
- Highlighting materials at mouse over
- Adding Detail maps to a material
- Fading the transparency of a material
- Playing videos inside a scene
- Conclusion
- 5. Using Cameras
- 6. Lights and Effects
- Introduction
- Using lights and cookie textures to simulate a cloudy day
- Adding a custom Reflection map to a scene
- Creating a laser aim with Projector and Line Renderer
- Reflecting surrounding objects with Reflection Probes
- Setting up an environment with Procedural Skybox and Directional Light
- Lighting a simple scene with Lightmaps and Light Probes
- Conclusion
- 7. Controlling 3D Animations
- Introduction
- Configuring a character's Avatar and idle animation
- Moving your character with root motion and Blend Trees
- Mixing animations with Layers and Masks
- Organizing States into Sub-state Machines
- Transforming the Character Controller via script
- Adding rigid props to animated characters
- Using Animation Events to throw an object
- Applying Ragdoll physics to a character
- Rotating the character's torso to aim a weapon
- 8. Positions, Movement and Navigation for Character GameObjects
- Introduction
- Player control of a 2D GameObject (and limiting the movement within a rectangle)
- Player control of a 3D GameObject (and limiting the movement within a rectangle)
- Choosing destinations – find the nearest (or a random) spawn point
- Choosing destinations – respawn to the most recently passed checkpoint
- NPC NavMeshAgent to seek or flee destination while avoiding obstacles
- NPC NavMeshAgent to follow the waypoints in a sequence
- Controlling the object group movement through flocking
- Conclusion
- 9. Playing and Manipulating Sounds
- Introduction
- Matching the audio pitch to the animation speed
- Simulating acoustic environments with Reverb Zones
- Preventing an Audio Clip from restarting if it is already playing
- Waiting for audio to finish playing before auto-destructing an object
- Adding volume control with Audio Mixers
- Making a dynamic soundtrack with Snapshots
- Balancing in-game audio with Ducking
- 10. Working with External Resource Files and Devices
- Introduction
- Loading external resource files – using Unity Default Resources
- Loading external resource files – by downloading files from the Internet
- Loading external resource files – by manually storing files in the Unity Resources folder
- Saving and loading player data – using static properties
- Saving and loading player data – using PlayerPrefs
- Saving screenshots from the game
- Setting up a leaderboard using PHP/MySQL
- Loading game data from a text file map
- Managing Unity project code using Git version control and GitHub hosting
- Publishing for multiple devices via Unity Cloud
- 11. Improving Games with Extra Features and Optimization
- Introduction
- Pausing the game
- Implementing slow motion
- Preventing your game from running on unknown servers
- State-driven behavior Do-It-Yourself states
- State-driven behavior using the State Design pattern
- Reducing the number of objects by destroying objects at death a time
- Reducing the number of enabled objects by disabling objects whenever possible
- Reducing the number of active objects by making objects inactive whenever possible
- Improving efficiency with delegates and events and avoiding SendMessage!
- Executing methods regularly but independent of frame rate with coroutines
- Spreading long computations over several frames with coroutines
- Evaluating performance by measuring max and min frame rates (FPS)
- Identifying performance bottlenecks with the Unity performance Profiler
- Identifying performance "bottlenecks" with Do-It-Yourself performance profiling
- Cache GameObject and component references to avoid expensive lookups
- Improving performance with LOD groups
- Improving performance through reduced draw calls by designing for draw call batching
- Conclusion
- 12. Editor Extensions
- Introduction
- An editor extension to allow pickup type (and parameters) to be changed at design time via a custom Inspector UI
- An editor extension to add 100 randomly located copies of a prefab with one menu click
- A progress bar to display proportion completed of Editor extension processing
- An editor extension to have an object-creator GameObject, with buttons to instantiate different pickups at cross-hair object location in scene
- Conclusion
- Index
In this chapter, we will cover:
- Matching the audio pitch to the animation speed
- Simulating acoustic environments with Reverb Zones
- Preventing an Audio Clip from restarting if it is already playing
- Waiting for audio to finish playing before auto-destructing an object
- Adding volume control with Audio Mixers
- Making a dynamic soundtrack with Snapshots
- Balancing in-game audio with Ducking
Sound is a very important part of the gaming experience. In fact, we can't stress enough how crucial it is to the player's immersion in a virtual environment. Just think of the engine running in your favorite racing game, the distant urban buzz in a simulator game, or the creeping noises in horror games. Think of how these sounds transport you into the game.
Before getting on with the recipes, let's step back and have a quick review on how sound works on Unity 5.
Audio files can be embedded into GameObjects through the Audio Source component. Unity supports 3D sounds, which means that the location and distance between the audio sources and Audio Listener matter in the way the sound is perceived in terms of loudness and the left/right balance. This is unless the audio source is specified as 2D sound (which is usually the case for the background soundtrack music).
Although all sound is sent to the scene's Audio Listener (a component that is usually attached to the Main Camera, and that shouldn't be attached simultaneously on more than one object), Unity 5 brings a new player to the audio scene: the Audio Mixer. The Audio mixer radically changes the way in which sound elements can be experienced and worked with. It allows developers to mix and arrange audio pretty much in the same way that musicians and producers do in their Digital Audio Workstations (D.A.W), such as GarageBand or ProTools. It allows you to route audio source clips into specific channels that can have their volumes individually adjusted and processed by customized effects and filters. You can work with multiple Audio Mixers, send a mixer's output to a parent mixer, and save mix preferences as Snapshots. Also, you can access mixer parameters from scripting. The following figure represents the main Unity 5 audio mixing concepts and their relationships:
Taking advantage of the new Audio Mixer feature in many example projects, this chapter is filled with recipes that will hopefully help you implement a better and more efficient sound design for your projects, augmenting the player's sense of immersion, transporting him or her into the game environment, and even improving the gameplay.
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