List of Tables

Table 1.1 Energy management terminology 7
Table 1.2 Basic conversion factors 11
Table 2.1 World primary energy use, by source, 2013 16
Table 2.2 Approximate world electricity production 17
Table 2.3 Energy use by sector, 2011 (109 GJ/year) 18
Table 2.4 Estimated proven reserves of fossil fuels 20
Table 2.5 Examples of policies and programs for energy management 25
Table 2.6 Nonenergy benefits of energy management programs 30
Table 3.1 General principles of energy management 38
Table 4.1 Planning an energy management program 46
Table 6.1 Principles of site and building audits 72
Table 6.2 Site audit energy management opportunity checklist 80
Table 6.3 Examples of equipment for detailed audit measurements 83
Table 6.4 Building audit energy management opportunities 88
Table 7.1A Nominal full load efficiencies: NEMA premium high efficiency electric motors 97
Table 7.1B European Union IE3 premium motor efficiencies (3-phase cage induction motors) 97
Table 7.2 First-law and second-law efficiencies for single-source, single output-devices 102
Table 7.3 Causes of inefficiency 105
Table 7.4 The aggregate impact of inefficiency 109
Table 7.5 Steel mill data for a summer day daily load curve 118
Table 8.1 Principles for energy management in HVAC systems 127
Table 8.2 Examples of rate of heat produced by humans (Varies by person) 132
Table 9.1 Energy management opportunities and lighting systems 199
Table 9.2 Calculation of maintenance labor savings for sodium lighting example (US$) 202
Table 11.1 Examples of principles for process energy management 232
Table 11.2 Properties of fuel materials 241
Table 11.3 Combustion efficiency for natural gas 243
Table 11.4 EMOs with process heat 252
Table 11.5 EMOs with electric motors 264
Table 11.6 EMOs in electrolysis 270
Table 11.7 Power requirements and compressor air inlet temperatures 273
Table 12.1 Energy management principles for integrated building systems 285
Table 12.2 Typical thermal conductivity values, k 297
Table 12.3 Convective heat transfer coefficient, hc 297
Table 12.4 Heat losses through glazing systems, in W/m2·K 299
Table 12.5 Heat loss calculation for a Southern California residence, W/m2·K 299
Table 12.6 Energy management opportunities in the building envelope 303
Table 12.7 Benefit of improved insulation 304
Table 12.8 Heat loss comparison for three building designs (heat loss in Watts) 306
Table 12.9 Average energy end use per U.S. household (2009) 310
Table 12.10 Basic energy storage (heat/cool) system input parameters 319
Table 12.11 Six principles of sustainable design 327
Table 13.1 Checklist of data for energy management economic studies 333
Table 13.2 Life-cycle costing example (in US$) 336
Table 13.3 Formulae and nomenclature for economic analyses 340
Table 13.4 Benefit/cost example 341
Table 13.5 Payback period example 342
Table 13.6 Present worth analysis 344
Table 13.7 Equivalent annual cost analysis 346
Table 13.8 Capitalized cost analysis 347
Table 13.9 IRR analysis 348
Table 13.10 Nonuniform annual cost example (US$) 349
Table 13.11 Comparison of methods 353
Table 13.12 Summary of calculations for heat recovery example (in US$) 356
Table 14.1 Principles for implementing and assessing an energy management program 360
Table 14.2 Costs and energy savings for XYZ company’s energy management opportunities 363
Table 14.3 Ranking of XYZ company’s potential projects 363
Table 14.4 Codes and regulations to consider for energy projects 363
Table 14.5 Motivating personnel for energy management 367
Table 14.6 Information to include in an M&V plan 370
Table 14.7 Cost avoidance report for XYZ company’s lighting controls project 379
Table 14.8 Develop continuing energy management efforts 381
Table 14.9 Planning new facilities: energy considerations 382
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