List of Figures

Figure 1.1 Average historic oil prices 2
Figure 1.2 Global temperatures and CO2 concentration 1880–2014 11
Figure 2.1 Ultimate world production of crude oil 20
Figure 3.1 Heat recovery using an air preheater 41
Figure 3.2 Flow diagram of mine air heating and compressor cooling cycle 43
Figure 4.1 Energy management organization chart 48
Figure 4.2 Interdepartmental energy conservation committee city of Los Angeles 49
Figure 4.3 Historical energy use, XYZ industries 52
Figure 4.4 Energy use per capita 54
Figure 5.1 Examples of utility programs 66
Figure 6.1 Schematic site for energy audit concept development 70
Figure 6.2 Flowchart of building and site audit data appraisal process 74
Figure 6.3 Site audit methodology 75
Figure 6.4 Site audit: electrical systems 75
Figure 6.5 Site audit: steam 77
Figure 6.6 Site audit: water systems 77
Figure 6.7 Site audit: summary sheet 78
Figure 6.8 Area energy audit summary 79
Figure 6.9 Building audit methodology 80
Figure 6.10 Basic energy audit instrumentation 82
Figure 6.11 Simple building audit form 84
Figure 6.12 Building profile data sheet 86
Figure 6.13 Building summary sheet example 87
Figure 7.1 Pumping process showing losses 106
Figure 7.2 A pumping example in an integrated process plant 108
Figure 7.3 Digital kWh meter 116
Figure 7.4 Steel mill daily load curves 119
Figure 8.1 Psychometric chart 132
Figure 8.2 Components of a typical central HVAC plant 134
Figure 8.3 Vapor compression refrigeration cycle 136
Figure 8.4 Evaporative systems 141
Figure 8.5 Electric infrared radiant heater 141
Figure 8.6 Fan power comparison for various types of part load controls 144
Figure 8.7 Typical fan performance curve 145
Figure 8.8 Typical centrifugal pump curves 147
Figure 8.9 Induced draft cooling tower sketch 148
Figure 8.10 Demand profile for rooftop air conditioning 150
Figure 8.11 Terminal reheat system 157
Figure 8.12 Dual duct system 158
Figure 8.13 Multi-zone system 159
Figure 8.14 Variable air volume system (VAV) 160
Figure 8.15 Illustration of energy savings potential of demand-controlled ventilation relative to fixed ventilation in an office building 183
Figure 8.16 Comparison of electrical demand profiles for the Miami hospital scenarios (a) and Miami office Building scenarios (b) 185
Figure 9.1 Decorative landscape lighting 191
Figure 9.2 LED garden lighting 191
Figure 9.3 Halogen (top) and LED (bottom) R-20 lamps 205
Figure 9.4 Combination light and occupancy sensing light switch 207
Figure 9.5 Mezzanine storage area lamp 208
Figure 10.1 Adjusted fuel economy and CO2 production 222
Figure 11.1 Models for heat loss calculation 237
Figure 11.2 Combustion process schematic 240
Figure 11.3 Relationship between boiler heat loss and excess air 242
Figure 11.4 Heat loss from steam leaks 245
Figure 11.5 Heat loss from bare steam lines 245
Figure 11.6 A tankless water heater 248
Figure 11.7 Demand profile for a 100-hp air compressor in candy packaging plant 271
Figure 11.8 Air compressor 273
Figure 11.9 Computer numerical controlled (CNC) lathe 276
Figure 12.1 Passive design techniques used by Native American cave dwellers 289
Figure 12.2 Use of a wind tower to cool buildings 291
Figure 12.3 Site of kangaroo rat burrow 292
Figure 12.4 Kangaroo rats use of underground burrows to moderate seasonal temperatures 293
Figure 12.5 Sketch of desert rodent nest 294
Figure 12.6 Termite air conditioning 295
Figure 12.7 R-13 fiberglass insulation 305
Figure 12.8 Ceiling insulation blankets 305
Figure 12.9 Building energy management opportunities 314
Figure 12.10 Solar canopy for shade and electricity generation 315
Figure 12.11 Typical computer data center 316
Figure 13.1 7.5 kW (10 hp) Electric motor 334
Figure 13.2 Break-even analysis example 338
Figure 13.3 Investment per annual dollar saved 351
Figure 14.1 Energy tracking in a large department store 368
Figure 14.2 Comparison of energy management assessment results for two facilities 374
Figure 14.3 Comparison of pre- and postimplementation data using regression analysis 376
Figure 14.4 A CUSUM chart shows accumulation of energy savings over time 377
..................Content has been hidden....................

You can't read the all page of ebook, please click here login for view all page.
Reset
3.15.214.155