- a
- absorption 59, 122, 156, 157, 161, 162, 163, 165, 203, 410, 417
- acid rain 3, 14, 82, 96, 439, 458, 460, 461, 491
- active power 264–266, 292, 299, 302
- adiabatic process 314, 316, 317, 318, 319, 324–329, 331, 333, 334, 337, 339
- air density 116, 213, 379
- air mass 92, 210, 409, 415
- airfoil 214, 383–389, 391, 402
- albedo 408
- alkaline fuel cell (AFC) 63, 65, 507
- alpha particles 149, 150, 182
- alternating current (AC) 19, 248, 249, 250, 295
- altitude 72, 203, 216, 238, 367, 41–414, 440, 441
- amorphous silicon cell 75, 422, 423, 425, 431
- Ampere's law 268, 269
- anaerobic digestion 17, 235
- anticline 98, 99
- API density 130
- apparent power 265, 302
- aquifer 127
- arch dam 358, 362
- armature winding 302
- ash content 88
- ASHRAE 415, 419
- Athabasca 101, 110–113
- atomic mass unit 142
- Avogadro number 149
- azimuth 106, 41–414, 416, 428
- b
- Bakken shale 109, 110
- battery bank 53, 61, 299, 366, 393
- Becquerel 149, 150, 152
- beneficiation 91
- Bernoulli, Daniel 346
- Bernoulli's equation 347, 355
- Bernoulli's principle 346, 355
- beta particles 148, 150
- Betz limit 214, 381, 382, 398
- binding energy 143–145, 147, 148, 182
- biodiesel 14, 16, 20, 44, 190, 234, 464, 476, 478
- biomass 5, 14, 19, 25, 32, 102, 190, 195, 198, 202, 229–236, 238, 239, 308, 451, 460–462, 471, 483, 484
- bitumen 16, 100, 102, 110, 111–113, 122, 123
- black liquor 230, 232
- blackbody 409, 410
- blowout preventer 105, 117, 118, 129
- boiler 85, 93, 96, 163, 308, 324–326, 328–332, 336, 338
- Boltzmann 45
- Boltzmann constant 51, 423
- Brayton cycle 333, 335, 336, 338
- breeding ratio 158, 164
- c
- cadmium telluride cell 75, 419, 422, 425, 431
- calandria 164
- calorie 8, 39, 46, 47
- capacitance 259, 291, 292
- capacitive current 250, 291, 296
- capacitive load 297
- capacitive reactance 267, 297
- capacity factor 66, 71, 187, 197, 214, 238, 253, 301, 395, 452
- carbohydrate 16, 190, 198
- Carnot cycle 317–319, 321, 324–328, 337
- Carnot efficiency 318, 335, 337
- Carnot, Sadi 317
- casing 105, 229, 349, 351, 352, 361, 417
- chain reaction 49, 147, 148, 156–162, 168, 169, 179–181, 183
- charge controller 393, 428, 429
- chemical reaction 47, 48, 63, 142
- Chernobyl 141, 152, 168, 169–174, 179
- chord 383, 386–388
- coal 2–5, 7, 8, 12–17, 19–22, 25, 30, 32, 37, 48, 49, 66, 73, 82, 84–97, 102, 103, 110, 117, 120, 129, 152, 179, 180, 186, 201, 234, 236, 248, 307, 320, 359, 366, 442, 443, 450, 451, 460–462, 464, 465, 467–471, 478, 479, 484, 487, 492
- coal bed methane 121, 124
- coal handling and preparation plant (CHPP) 91, 511
- coal mine 81, 95, 121
- coal mining 5, 81, 89, 93, 94, 95, 124, 129
- coal to liquid 16, 92
- cogeneration 18, 21, 111, 223–225, 227
- coke 22, 89, 92, 129, 464, 489
- combined heat and power (CHP) 18, 44, 223, 301, 336, 472
- commutator 247, 249, 284
- compressor 21, 71, 126, 308, 324, 325, 327–331, 337, 328, 331, 333–336, 338
- concentrated solar power (CSP) 19, 37, 70, 192, 320, 405, 406, 429, 430
- condenser 158, 161, 163, 164, 226, 227, 267, 308, 314, 324–326, 328, 329–333, 333, 336, 338, 472
- conduction band 421, 422
- conduction heat transfer 50, 74, 314, 368, 417, 419
- conductor 298
- conservation of energy 10, 24, 32, 41, 42, 48, 51, 255, 312–314, 316, 319, 337, 347, 485
- conservation of mass 41, 42, 45, 74, 346
- conservation of momentum 41, 146, 160, 347
- control rods 159, 161, 163, 164, 168, 183
- convection heat transfer 50, 51, 57, 74, 222, 228, 368, 417, 419
- conventional oil 99, 101, 102, 105, 113
- Coriolis force 367
- crude oil 4, 12, 15, 16, 30, 73, 84, 94, 97–102, 105–123, 129, 130, 186, 227, 444, 451, 504, 472, 477, 478, 503
- cryogenic expander process 122
- d
- dam 37, 67, 95, 111, 201, 202, 216, 217–221, 250, 293, 344, 349, 352–361, 457
- desulfurization 96
- diesel 16, 22, 67, 105, 116, 128, 170, 234, 475, 487, 489, 490
- diethanolamine 122
- direct current (DC) 18, 248, 251, 428, 6, 251, 252, 295, 296, 299–302
- direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) 64, 65, 508
- directional drilling 105, 106, 130
- dolomite 109
- doubling time 447, 448
- drag force 385, 387, 388
- dynamo 247, 248
- e
- economizer 328, 329
- Edison, Thomas 62, 248, 249, 250, 344
- effective value 258, 261, 265
- efficiency 3, 21, 24, 26, 27, 32, 72, 97, 111, 114, 115, 337, 449, 453, 475, 483, 485, 486
- Einstein, Albert 42, 59, 140
- electric conduction 284
- electric field 55, 56, 420, 421
- electric power 2, 4–7, 9, 17, 18, 22, 24, 32, 49, 50, 56–59, 63, 65, 68, 71, 75
- electric resistance 44, 301, 259, 271, 275, 276, 277, 278, 424, 425
- electric vehicle 7, 62
- electrochemical energy conversion 61–63, 75
- electrolyte 61–65, 299
- electromagnetic field 56, 247, 268, 269, 273
- electromagnetic isotope separation (EMIS) 156, 508
- electromagnetic wave 59, 150, 293
- electromagnetic wave propagation 293
- electromechanical energy conversion 44, 45, 58, 75, 208, 268, 273, 280–283, 288, 302, 377
- electromotive force 56, 247, 299
- electron 8, 55, 61, 64, 142, 143, 149, 246, 420–423
- electron volt 8, 143
- endothermic reaction 47, 48, 142
- energy density 58, 64, 66, 71, 72, 117, 192, 233–235, 247
- energy indicators 24, 26–28
- energy intensity 1, 26, 27, 28, 34, 67, 69, 444, 474, 480
- energy management 192, 435, 478, 479, 480, 481, 483, 485, 486, 492
- energy return on energy invested (EROI) 236, 475–478, 491, 492
- enthalpy 283, 314, 322, 323, 326–329, 331, 334, 337
- entropy 79, 283, 313–319, 321–323, 325–327, 329–332, 337
- ethanol 14, 16, 20, 35, 44, 64, 73, 190, 230, 231, 235, 236, 464, 471, 472, 476, 478
- ethyl ester 234
- Euler, Leonhard 346
- Euler's equation 348, 351, 352
- evacuated tube collector 60, 75, 118, 170, 416, 417, 419, 431
- exothermic reaction 10, 47, 142
- extra heavy oil 100, 101, 102, 103, 110, 130, 472
- f
- Faraday, Michael 247, 272
- Faraday's law 272, 273–275, 281, 284–286
- farmgate 492
- Fermi, Enrico 140, 180
- ferromagnetic 47, 270, 271, 283
- fertile 151, 153, 158, 181, 183, 458
- field winding 59, 392, 398
- fill factor 425, 426
- firedamp 95
- fissile 146, 151, 153, 155, 158, 160, 161, 164, 165, 179, 181–183
- fission reaction 10, 42, 49, 140, 144–150, 155–158, 160, 161, 170, 179, 180, 182
- fixed carbon 85, 87, 88
- flaring 120
- flat plate collector 60, 75, 417, 418, 419, 431, 476
- flue gas 21, 49, 88, 96
- fluid dynamics 346, 386, 391
- fluid mechanics 78, 344, 346, 347
- fracking 106, 125, 130, 223
- Francis turbine 221, 349, 351–354, 356, 358, 361
- Franklin, Benjamin 246
- fuel cell 19, 62–65, 71, 72, 83, 84, 256
- furling 391
- fusion reaction 10, 42, 43, 140, 144, 145, 146, 182, 407
- g
- gamma particles 146, 149, 150, 182
- gasoline 16, 48, 67, 71, 115, 116, 121–123, 230, 231, 465, 471, 475, 478, 488, 490, 503, 504
- gas turbine 10, 64, 71, 165, 178, 192, 248, 286, 308, 309, 332–336, 338, 350, 360, 418
- generator rotor 59, 69, 210, 214, 219, 220, 271, 282, 283–290, 292, 302, 333, 348, 352, 372
- geothermal fluids 223, 228
- global horizontal irradiance (GHI) 204, 408
- global warming 3, 82, 98, 126, 458, 460, 461, 463
- global warming potential 126, 463
- gravity dam 358, 362
- greenhouse 18, 45, 50, 70, 159, 161, 162, 165, 208, 314, 368, 406, 414, 417, 418, 419, 429, 430
- greenhouse effect 3, 82, 461
- greenhouse gas 14, 33, 64, 85, 199, 217, 462–466, 468
- grid‐tie 208, 366, 393, 398, 426–429
- gross calorific value (GCV) 85, 88, 129, 503–505
- gross domestic product (GDP) 26, 34, 437, 444
- gusher 107, 117, 118
- gypsum 96
- h
- half‐life 150, 151, 153, 162, 182
- heat exchanger 158, 162–165, 224, 226, 227
- heat loss 11, 249, 311, 328, 419
- heat transfer fluid 19, 161, 208, 406, 417, 418, 429, 430
- horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) 377, 378, 379, 388, 389, 398
- horizontal drilling 104, 105, 106, 109, 125, 130
- hydraulic fracturing 106, 108, 109, 124, 125, 128, 129, 130
- hydraulic head 348, 356, 357, 361
- hydraulic turbine 55, 58, 348, 355, 356
- hydroelectric power plant 30, 37, 67, 189, 201, 245, 344, 355, 357, 360, 457
- hysteresis 47, 270
- i
- ideal gas 310, 312, 313, 315, 316, 317, 318, 324, 334
- ideal gas law 310
- imperial unit system 8, 39, 46, 312, 345
- induction generator 290, 291, 292, 393, 394
- inductive load 292, 297
- inductive reactance 259, 295
- infrared 51, 59, 409, 410, 417, 461
- in‐situ 110, 111, 153
- insolation 204, 209, 238, 408, 409, 428
- installed capacity 57, 193, 194, 197, 321, 344, 356, 357, 366, 405, 426, 482
- interconnected grid 204, 208, 209, 217, 252, 357, 392, 398
- International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES) 172, 173
- International unit system 8, 9, 12, 39, 46, 74, 268, 269, 344
- inverter 300, 428, 429
- irreversible process 15
- isentropic process 330
- isobaric process 329, 331
- isothermal process 313, 316–319, 325, 326, 327, 337
- isotope 49, 143, 144–146, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 160, 162, 163, 164, 181–183
- k
- Kaplan turbine 219, 220, 349, 353, 354, 356, 361
- Kelvin 46, 140, 310, 312–315, 337, 501
- Kelvin, Lord 310, 312
- kerogen 98, 102, 109, 113, 129
- Kirchhoff's current law 255
- Kirchhoff's voltage law 255, 299
- l
- latent heat 45, 70, 85, 129, 311, 321, 417, 419, 505
- latitude 203, 204, 224, 238, 367, 398, 409, 412, 413, 416, 417
- Lavoisier, Antoine 41, 45, 406
- lead‐acid battery 62, 73
- Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) 66, 426, 486, 509
- Lenz law 272, 281
- lift force 383, 385, 391
- light propagation 59
- light tight oil (LTO) 106, 108, 109
- lignite 16, 86, 87, 90–93, 129, 451, 464, 465, 483, 488
- line capacitance 295–297, 302, 296
- line inductance 295, 296
- line resistance 294, 297, 298, 300
- liquid fuels 4, 16, 19, 66, 85, 92, 102, 114, 201, 219, 450, 451, 480, 503
- lithium‐ion battery 62, 72, 73
- loss‐of‐coolant accident 169
- lower heating value (LHV) 49, 85, 91, 505, 510
- m
- magnetic field 56, 104, 247, 249, 268, 269, 272, 273, 282, 284, 286, 287, 288, 291, 295, 302, 391, 392, 394, 398, 411
- magnetic flux 247, 268, 269–275, 277, 281, 282, 284, 288, 291, 391, 398
- magnetic induction 269, 272, 273, 291
- magnetomotive force 271
- maximum power point tracking (MPPT) 61, 510
- Maxwell 45
- mechanical work 8, 38, 43, 45, 47, 51, 52, 58, 74, 75, 191, 195, 210, 224, 229, 237, 239, 265, 302, 308, 309, 312, 313, 316, 317, 318, 328, 330, 333, 337, 348, 361, 366, 379, 390, 398
- Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) 97, 510
- metal hydride battery 19, 62, 72, 192
- methane 16, 48, 63, 64, 82, 95, 98, 107, 120–122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 222, 228, 231, 461, 462, 463, 464
- methanol 64, 65, 73, 190, 230, 235, 417, 504
- moderator 158, 159, 160–166, 168, 178, 183
- mole 142
- molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) 64, 65, 510
- municipal solid waste 231, 232, 451, 464, 480
- n
- nacelle 377
- naphtha 109–111, 113, 503, 504
- natural uranium 150, 153, 155, 158, 160, 161, 164, 178, 180, 183
- net calorific value (NCV) 85, 86, 129, 503, 505, 510
- Newton, Isaac 311
- nickel‐iron battery 62
- nuclear fuel 4, 5, 10, 12, 14, 43, 152, 153, 155–157, 159, 160, 167, 178–180, 182, 183, 197
- nuclear reaction 10, 142, 144, 151, 157, 164, 183, 308, 324
- nuclear reactor 4, 14, 18, 19, 49, 140, 141, 150, 152, 153, 156–159–163, 165–168, 171, 173, 175, 178–180, 182, 183
- nuclear waste 4, 152, 155, 167, 175, 180, 183, 188
- o
- Ohm's law 50, 255, 259, 271, 299
- oil exploration 103, 479
- oil recovery 101, 106, 108, 110, 130, 439, 471
- oil sands 102, 110–113, 122, 123, 130, 472, 478
- oil well 99, 104, 105, 108, 117, 120, 127, 131
- organic Rankine cycle (ORC) 227, 239, 510
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 3, 12, 28, 34, 98, 174, 207, 451, 479, 509
- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 31, 98, 100, 110, 101, 114, 479, 510
- overhead lines 245, 250, 251, 252, 262–296, 298, 302, 308, 344
- p
- parabolic collector 60, 75, 414, 417, 431
- particulate matter 49, 82, 122, 128, 179, 199, 213, 234, 359, 407, 460, 511
- passive solar building 207, 406
- passive solar heating 483, 485
- passive solar technologies 204
- Pelton turbine 349, 350, 351, 356, 361
- permanent magnet generator 284, 302, 392
- phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) 63, 65, 510
- photosynthesis 10, 42, 43, 48, 82, 190, 203, 230, 237, 460, 462
- photovoltaic (PV) cell 6, 10, 43, 60, 75, 208, 248, 496, 414, 419, 420, 422–425, 428, 431
- pitch control 389–391
- pitchblende 153
- plutonium 144, 146, 151, 156, 157, 160, 181, 182, 183
- positron 149
- power coefficient 381–383, 385, 388, 390, 396, 404, 405, 406, 407
- power factor 264–267, 296, 297, 302
- power loss 298, 444, 452
- power outage 437, 438, 441, 444, 445, 453
- power plant 9, 18, 66, 85, 88, 89, 319, 464
- power station 57, 216, 219, 250, 307, 343, 351, 352, 353, 356–358, 489
- power system 18, 57, 201, 246, 247, 249, 251, 253, 286, 442
- primary winding 274–277
- protactinium 151
- proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM) 64, 71, 72, 510
- purchasing power parity 26, 27
- r
- radiation heat transfer 51
- radioactive decay 10, 146, 148–151, 157, 182, 222
- radioactivity 145, 149, 157, 170, 180
- Rankine cycle 161, 227, 228, 328–332, 336, 338
- Rayleigh distribution 374, 376, 398
- reactive power 264–267, 290–293, 302, 392–394, 398
- rem 152, 511
- reserve to production ratio (R/P) 84, 89, 123, 129, 444, 511
- resistive load 297
- reversible process 314, 337
- revolutions per minute (rpm) 53, 54, 285, 382, 391, 511
- root mean square (rms) 258, 275, 302, 511
- rotor winding 289, 292
- run of river (ROR) 219, 238, 354, 356, 357, 361, 511
- s
- saturated water 322–329
- scrubber 49, 63, 88, 96
- secondary winding 274–277
- security of supply 443
- shale gas 84, 106, 124, 125, 128, 129, 478
- shale oil 102, 103, 106, 108, 109, 476
- sievert 152
- single phase 249
- solar collector 407, 408, 414, 416, 418, 419
- solar constant 203, 407
- solar irradiance 59–61, 198, 200, 203, 207, 208, 214, 238, 367, 371, 407, 409, 414, 417, 418, 423, 424, 428, 429, 434, 482
- solar irradiation 204, 205, 238, 242, 408, 428
- solar potential 204, 207, 406
- solar spectrum 410, 425
- solar tracker 208, 209, 416
- solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) 64, 65, 511
- specific heat 46, 51, 70, 74, 311, 316, 334, 418
- specific mass 51, 54, 68, 100, 298, 344, 347, 348, 351, 355, 372, 382, 398
- specific volume 314, 322, 329, 330, 345
- stall control 390, 391
- standard test conditions (STC) 60, 61, 238, 424, 433, 511
- stator 59, 220, 284–292, 302, 352, 391, 392, 394, 398
- stator winding 285, 302, 391
- steam quality 163, 180, 322–324, 326–328, 330, 331
- steam table 324, 327
- steam turbine 157, 164, 320, 321, 336, 338
- sulfur content 87, 91, 92, 99, 100, 113, 130
- superheater 329
- supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) 126, 292, 440, 511
- surface roughness 210, 370, 371
- sustainable development goals (SDG) 458, 459, 492, 495, 511
- synchronous generator 285, 392, 398
- synthetic crude oil (SCO) 101, 110, 113, 511
- t
- Tesla, Nicola 249, 250, 269, 344
- thermal equilibrium 309, 312, 337
- thermal power generation 307, 308, 310, 312, 314
- thermal power plant 320, 332
- thermal power system 335
- thermodynamic cycle 208, 224, 227, 308, 309, 317–319, 321, 324–328, 333, 336–338, 472, 486
- thermodynamic efficiency 208, 214, 224, 228, 233, 239, 283, 318, 335, 337, 418
- thermodynamic process 309, 312–314, 316, 337
- thin film cell 425, 426
- Thompson, William 310
- thorium 141, 144, 146, 151, 153, 154, 159, 160, 182
- three‐phase 59, 214, 248, 250, 252, 260–263, 267, 278, 279, 284, 285–288, 290, 291, 293–297, 301, 391, 393, 398
- three‐phase winding 398
- tidal dam 192
- tidal motion 2, 13
- tidal power 192, 354
- tight gas 116, 127
- tight oil 102, 103, 106, 108, 109, 130
- tip speed ratio 382, 383, 385, 388, 392, 393, 398
- tons of coal equivalent 8
- tons of oil equivalent (toe) 8, 12, 27, 29, 101, 474, 511
- toroidal 69, 271, 272
- torque coefficient 382, 383, 385
- total primary energy demand 237
- total primary energy supply 12, 13, 193, 344, 444
- transformer 249, 251, 274–280, 289, 293, 295, 310, 443, 357, 442
- transmission line 210, 249, 252, 261, 265, 266, 278, 293–303
- transmission system 248, 249, 265, 266, 299, 486
- turbine runner 347, 349, 352–354
- u
- ultraviolet 409, 461
- unconventional oil 14, 84, 98, 99, 101, 102, 105, 109, 114, 183, 471, 472
- uranium enrichment 155, 156
- uranium reserves 12, 141, 153, 154, 179
- v
- vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) 377, 378, 512
- viscosity 100, 101, 109–111, 113, 115, 130, 161, 347, 386, 472
- volatile matter 85, 87, 88, 512
- volatile organic compounds (VOC) 49, 128, 359, 460, 512
- Volta, Alessandro 56, 61, 247
- Voltaic, 61, cell 247
- w
- Weibull distribution 374, 376, 398
- wellhead 117, 121, 122, 225, 227, 476, 478, 492
- Westinghouse, George 249, 250, 344
- wind farm 189, 192, 193, 201, 212, 213, 215, 365, 369, 372
- wind potential 210, 372, 389, 395
- wind profile 372, 374, 395
- wind shear 369, 370, 371, 398
- wind turbine rotor 292, 377, 378, 379–385, 387–394, 398
- wind turbine tower 370
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