B. Ideal Gas Constant and Conversion Factors

See www.onlineconversion.com.

Ideal Gas Constant

R=0.73⁢ ft3⋅atmlb mol⋅°RR=1.987⁢  Btulb mol⋅°RR=8.314⁢ kPa⋅dm3mol⋅KR=8.3144⁢ Jmol⋅KR=0.082⁢ dm3⋅atmmol⋅K=0.082⁢ m3⋅atmkmol⋅KR=1.987⁢  calmol⋅K

Boltzmann’s constant  kB=1.381×10−23⁢ Jmolecule⋅K=1.381×10−23⁢ kg m2/s2/molecule/K

Volume of Ideal Gas

1 lb-mol of an ideal gas at 32°F and 1 atm occupies 359 ft3 (0.00279 lbmol/ft3).
1 mol of an ideal gas at 0°C and 1 atm occupies 22.4 dm3 (0.0446 mol/dm3).

CA=PART=yAPRT

where CA = concentration of A, mol/dm3
P = pressure, kPa
R = ideal gas constant, 8.314 kPa · dm3/mol·K
T = temperature, K
yA = mole fraction of A

1M = 1 molar = 1 mol/liter = 1 mol/dm3 = 1 kmol/m3 = 0.062 lb mol/ft3

Volume

1 cm3 = 0.001 dm3
1 in3 = 0.0164 dm3
1 fluid oz = 0.0296 dm3
1 ft3 = 28.32 dm3
1 m3 = 1000 dm3
1 U.S. gallon = 3.785 dm3
1 liter (L) = 1 dm3

Length

1 Å = 10-8 cm
1 dm = 10 cm
1 μm = 10-4 cm
1 in. = 2.54 cm
1 ft = 30.48 cm
1 m = 100 cm

(1⁢ ft3=28.32⁢ dm3×1⁢gal3.785⁢ dm3=7.482⁢ gal)

Pressure

1 torr (1 mmHg) = 0.13333 kPa
1 in. H2O = 0.24886 kPa
1 in. Hg = 3.3843 kPa
1 atm = 101.33 kPa
1 psia = 6.8943 kPa
1 megadyne/cm2 = 100 kPa

Energy (Work)

1 kg · m2/s2 = 1 J
1 Btu = 1055.06 J
1 cal = 4.1868 J
1 L · atm = 101.34 J
1 hp · h = 2.6806 × 106 J
1 kWh = 3.6 × 106 J

Temperature

°F = 1.8 × °C + 32
°R = °F + 459.69
K = °C + 273.16
°R = 1.8 × K
°Réamur = 1.25 × °C

Mass

1 lbm = 454 g
1 kg = 1000 g
1 grain = 0.0648 g
1 oz (avoird.) = 28.35 g
1 ton = 908,000 g

Viscosity

1 poise = 1 g/cm/s = 0.1 kg/m/s

1 centipoise = 1 cp = 0.01 poise = 0.1 micro Pascal · second

Force

1 dyne = 1 g · cm/s2

1 Newton = 1 kg · m/s2

Pressure

1 Pa = 1 Newton/m2

Work

A. Work = Force × Distance

1 Joule = 1 Newton · meter = 1 kg m2/s2 = 1 Pa · m3

B. Pressure × Volume = Work

(1 Newton/ m2) · m3 = 1 Newton · m = 1 Joule

Time Rate of Change of Energy with Time (Power)

1 Watt = 1 J/s

1 hp = 746 J/s

Gravitational Conversion Factor

Gravitational constant

g = 32.2 ft/s2

Americ an Engineering System

gc=32.174(ft)(lbm)(s2)(lbf)

SI/cgs System

gc = 1 (Dimensionless)

TABLE B-1 TYPICAL PROPERTY VALUES

  Liquid
(water)		 Gas
(air, 77°C, 101 kPa)		 Solid
Density 1000 kg/m3 1.0 kg/m3 3000 kg/m3
Concentration 55.5 mol/dm3 0.04 mol/dm3 -
Diffusivity 10-8 m2/s 10-5 m2/s 10-11 m2/s
Viscosity 10-3 kg/m/s 1.82 x 10-5 kg/m/s -
Heat capacity 4.31 J/g/K 40 J/mol/K 0.45 J/g/K
Thermal conductivity 1.0 J/s/m/K 10-2 J/s/m/K 100 J/s/m/K
Kinematic viscosity 10-6 m2/s 1.8 x 10-5 m2/s -
Prandtl number 7 0.7 -
Schmidt number 200 2 -

TABLE B-2 TYPICAL TRANSPORT VALUES

  Liquid Gas
Heat transfer coefficient, h 1000 W/m2/K 65 W/m2/K
Mass transfer coefficient, kc 10-2 m/s 3 m/s
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