INDEX

Abela, Andrew, 82–83, 131

Abela’s Chart Type Hierarchy, 83, 85

Accenture Technology Labs, 4, 138–139

Adobe Illustrator, 91, 92

aesthetics, 27

aggregate data, 37–39

alignment, 114–115

alluvial charts, 182, 227

Alvarez, George, 184

ambiguity, 119–120

animation, 22, 197–198

Atlas of Economic Complexity, 224–225

automation, 24

availability, of salient information, 137

axes, 115, 123, 127

balance, 111

bar charts, 38, 168, 170, 227

before-and-after charts, 193–194

belt-and-suspenders design, 129

Bertin, Jacques, 21, 31

binary comparisons, 195

Blackburn, Joshua, 94–95

Boeing, paired prototyping at, 94, 96–98

boldface, 142

Braess, Dietrich, 195

Braess’s paradox, 195–196

Brinton, Willard C., 20–21, 31, 98

budgets, 146

capitalization, 142

captions, 123

cartograms, 170–171

categories, 46

change perception, 28–29

Chartbuilder, 92

chartjunk, 27

chart making

design principles for, 111–132

as overlapping process, 104

preparation for, 75–77, 99, 105

process example, 99–103

prototype phase of, 89–94, 96–98, 102–103, 105

sketching phase of, 82–89, 99–102, 105

talking and listening phase of, 77–82, 99–100, 105

typology, 53–72

charts

before-and-after, 193–194

alluvial, 182, 227

bar, 38, 168, 170, 227

complexity in, 37–39

conceptual versus data-driven, 54–56

charts (continued)

declarative versus exploratory, 54–57

deconstruction/reconstruction, 195–197

effectiveness of, 21, 26–30

elements of good, 5–9, 13–14, 74–75

expectations for, 10, 42–43, 45–47, 49, 161–162, 184

explaining, 179–182

leave-behind, 185–186

number of variables in, 37–39

order of seeing, 34–35, 48

persuasive, 133–152

presentations and, 177–207

reading, 24, 26

reference, 182–185

stand-out information on, 35–37, 48

use of color in, 46, 120, 129–130, 142–144

See also data visualization

chloropleths, 168–169

Christensen, Clay, 80–81

clarity, 117–120, 132

Cleveland, William S., 24, 26, 32

color-coded maps, 168–169

color plots, 29, 30

colors, 46, 120, 129–130, 142–144

color saturation, 46, 120

comparisons, 162–168, 195

complexity, 37–39, 48

computer science, 24

conceptual information, 54–56, 71

confirmatory visualizations, 22, 31, 56, 61–62

conflict, 199–200, 202, 203

connections making, 39–42, 45–49

consistency

of placement and weighting, 113–114

of structure, 112–113

context, 150, 185

conventions, 42–43, 45–47, 49, 120, 130, 161–162, 171–172

conversations, 77–82, 99–100

correlation, 28, 29, 32

courage for simplicity, 131

credibility, 47

cross-brain correlation (CBC), 197

D3, 92

data

aggregate, 37–39

individual, 37–39

massive amounts of, 10

putting aside, during preparation phase, 75–76

data-driven information, 54–56, 71

data tables, 186

data visualization (dataviz)

antecedents of, 18–19

as art form, 24, 26

changing behavior with, 138–139

critiquing others, 209–222

everyday, 66–68, 72

future of, 224–226

history of, 17–32

nature of, 54–56

necessity of, 4

order of, 34–35

persuasive, 133–174

presentations, 177–207

purpose of, 56–57

refinement of, 109–152

relevance of, 9

research, 24, 26–30

rules, 224

science of, 26–30

simple approach to, 11–13

sketching, 82–89

types of, 57–63, 71–72

uses of, 2–3

See also charts

Datawrapper, 92, 93

Davis, Nelson, 44–45

deception versus persuasion, 158–174

declarative visualizations, 56–57, 66–68, 69, 71

deconstruction/reconstruction, 195–197

de-emphasis, 146–147

demarcations, 144–146

design-driven visualizations, 24

design principles

clarity, 117–120, 132

simplicity, 120–132

structure and hierarchy, 111–116, 132

digital prototypes, 91–94

distance, 191

distancetomars.com, 191

double y-axis, 162–168, 173

economic persuasion strategy, 135

effectiveness, principle of, 21, 26–32, 110

elements

alignment of, 114–115

placement and weighting of, 113–114

redundant, 128–129

removing unnecessary, 122–123, 126–128

supporting, 118

unique, 118

emphasis, 142–146, 152, 158–162

engagement tips, 207

environmental persuasion strategy, 135

equivocation, 158

ethical considerations, 172, 174

everyday dataviz, 66–68, 72

exaggeration, 158, 159–162

expressiveness, principle of, 21

Excel, 6, 92

expectations, 10, 42–43, 45–47, 49, 161–162, 184

exploratory visualizations, 22, 31, 56–57, 63, 66, 69, 71, 94–95

expressiveness, principle of, 21, 31

extraneous information, 118

eye travel, limited, 115–116

Fallen.io, 197–198

falsification, 158

Fisher, Brian, 94, 96–98

focus, 69

“four types” 2 × 2 structure, 53–72. See also everyday dataviz; idea generation; idea illustration; visual confirmation; visual discovery; visual exploration

geography, 168–172, 173–174

Good Charts Matrix, 9, 74–75

Google Charts, 92

Google Sheets, 6, 92

graphic perception, 24, 32

gray, 130

grid maps, 171–172

grids, 114–115

Hagy, Jessica, 124–125

Halloran, Neil, 197–198

Harrison, Lane, 28, 32

heuristics, 161–162

hierarchy, 111–116, 132

Highcharts, 92

highlights, 142

Hooper, Charles, 225–226

idea generation, 59–61, 72

idea illustration, 58–59, 71

inconsistency, 194

Industrial Revolution, 19–20

Infogr.am, 92, 168

information

adding, 148, 152

availability of salient, 137

basic, documenting, 76–77

conceptual, 54–56, 71

data-driven, 54–56, 71

extraneous, 118

removing, 122–123, 126–128, 147–148, 152

shifting, 148–149, 152

Ingraham, Christopher, 192–193

interactivity, 224–225

internet, 24, 32

isolation, 146–147, 152, 158

italics, 129, 142

Jackson, Mark, 156–157

Kasik, David, 94, 96–98

keys, 115–116

keywords, 82, 85

leave-behind charts, 185–186

legends, 115–116, 120

line graphs, 88

Mackinlay, Jock, 22, 32

main idea

adjusting reference points around, 147–149, 152

emphasizing, 142–146, 152

honing, 140–142, 152

isolating, 146–147, 152

manipulation, 151, 153–174

maps, 168–174

Martin, Steve J., 135

math, 27–28

McGill, Robert, 24, 26, 32

meaning making, 39–42, 45–49

media, 69, 70

metaphors, 42–43, 49, 120

Minard, Charles, 18, 19, 31

money, 146

Montana-Manhattan problem, 169

motion, 22

narratives, 167–168, 188–206

neuroscience, 197

Nightingale, Florence, 18, 19, 31

note taking, 79–82

Numbers (Apple), 92

objectivity, 150–151

omission, 158

pacing, 35

paired prototyping, 94, 96–98

paper prototypes, 91

pauses, 190, 194, 203

persuasion

elements of, 133–153

vs. manipulation, 153–174

Playfair, William, 18, 19, 31

Plot.ly, 92

“prep” phase of chart creation, 75–77

mental space, physical space, and white space, 75

preparation, 75–77, 99, 105

presentations, 177–207

creating tension during, 189–194

discussing ideas during, 180–181

engagement tips for, 207

example, 200–206

explaining the chart, 179–182

leave-behind charts for, 185–186

showing the chart, 178–179

storytelling, 188–206

tips for, 207

turning off charts, 184–185

using reference charts, 182–185

probability, 146

proportions, 113

“prototype” phase of chart creation, 89–94

prototypes, 89–94, 96–98, 102–103, 105, 211, 213

pyramid search, 58–59

Qlik Sense, 92

Qlik View, 92

Quadrigram, 92

questions to ask, before chart making, 78–79

railroad companies, 19–20

Raw, 92

reading, compared with seeing, 34–35

reconstruction, 195–197

redundancy, 128–129

reference charts, 182–185

reference points

adding, 148, 152

removing, 147–148, 152

shifting, 148–149, 152

relative simplicity, 121–122

Rensink, Ronald, 27–28, 29, 32

resolution, 199–200, 202, 205

reveal techniques, 191–192

revisualization, 211

risk, 146

scatter plots, 28, 39, 145, 230

secondary y-axis, 162–168

self-critique, 211, 214, 216–217, 219–220

sense making, 39–42

sensory perception, 27–28, 29

setup, 199–200, 202

Shetterley, Nathan, 138–139

silence, 179

Silk, 92

simplicity, 66–68, 120–132, 150, 185

“sketch” phase of chart creation, 82–89

sketches, 82–89, 100–102, 105

skills, 69, 70

slope graphs, 37, 231

social persuasion strategy, 135

software, 91–94, 224–226

space allocation, 113–114

Sparks, David, 64–65

space (mental, physical, and white), 75

spatial relationships, 29

Spear, Mary Eleanor, 21, 31, 98

spider graphs, 185–186

statistics, 27

story structure, 199–200, 202

storytelling, 188–206

strip plots, 29, 30

structure, 111–116, 132

Style: Toward Clarity and Grace (Williams), 8, 110

subtitles, 118–119

Swearingen, India, 186–187

Tableau Desktop, 92

Tableau Public, 92

Tableau Software, 11, 168

“talk and listen” phase of chart creation, 77–82

tension, creating, 189–194

text size, 129

think time, 179

3-D modeling, 24

time, 191

titles, 118–119, 123, 129

toggles, 224

tools

for digital prototyping, 91–94

visualization, 224–226

trends, 88

truncated y-axis, 159–162, 165–166, 172, 173

truth, blurring the, 155, 158. See also manipulation

Tufte, Edward, 22, 24, 27, 32

Tukey, John, 22, 31

unconscious cues, 135, 136

underline, 142

unit charts, 146, 232

US government, 21

vector graphics (SVG), 91

vision, 178

visual communication, persuasive, 133–152

visual confirmation, 61–62, 72

visual critique, 209–222

visual data

processing, 34–43, 45–49, 178–179

uses of, 2–3

visual discovery, 61–63, 72

visual exploration, 63, 66, 72

visualization literacy, measurement of, 27

visual literacy curriculum (VLC), 4

visual perception

science of, 33–49

theory, 34, 48

visual storytelling, 188–200

visual thinking, 4

need for, 10–11

simple approach to, 11–13

visual variables, 21, 31

Vizable, 92

wait time, 179

Weber’s law, 27–28, 32

workflows, 69

written words, 34

y-axis

double, 162–168, 173

truncated, 159–162, 165–166, 172, 173

Zoltners, Andris, 22–23

ZS Associates, 22–23