A cost function that minimizes both the style and the content cost is the following:

Sometimes, to encourage spatial smoothness in the output image G, a total variation regularizer TV(G) is also added to the RHS convex combination.

In this section, however, we shall not use transfer learning. If you are interested, you can follow the link provided in the further reading and references section. Instead, we are going to use a pre-trained Torch model (Torch is yet another deep learning library) with a particular image style, namely, the Starry Night painting by Van Gogh.