In this section, we will be using CSS Selectors with their extensions such as ::text and ::attr along with extract() and strip(). Similar to response.xpath(), available to run XPath expressions, CSS Selectors can be run using response.css(). The css() selector matches the elements using the provided expressions:

'''
Using CSS Selectors
'''
def parse(self, response):
    print("Response Type >>> ", type(response))
    rows = response.css("div.quote") #root element

    for row in rows:
        item = QuotesItem()

        item['tags'] = row.css('div.tags > meta[itemprop="keywords"]::attr("content")').extract_first()
        item['author'] = row.css('small[itemprop="author"]::text').extract_first()
        item['quote'] = row.css('span[itemprop="text"]::text').extract_first()
        item['author_link'] = row.css('a:contains("(about)")::attr(href)').extract_first()

        if len(item['author_link'])>0:
            item['author_link'] = 'http://quotes.toscrape.com'+item['author_link']

        yield item   

As seen in the preceding code, rows represent individual elements with the post-item class, iterated for obtaining the Item fields. 

For more detailed information on selectors and their properties, please refer to the Scrapy official documentation on selectors at https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/selectors.html. In the upcoming section, we will learn to scrape data from multiple pages.