So far, we have learned about web-development technologies, data-finding techniques, and Python libraries that we can use to access and scrape web content.

Various forms of web-based security measures exist nowadays that protect us against unauthenticated usage and unauthorized access to sensitive web content. A number of tools and technologies exist that are applied by websites; some target user-based actions, while some target a website's contents and their availability. 

Secure web (or web-based security-enabled features) is considered to be one of the technologies that's implemented by websites and utilized by end users who want to use or view a website's contents. We will be covering a few basic concepts that deal with such features from a web scraping perspective.

In this chapter, we will learn about the following topics:

• Introduction to secure web
• HTML <form> processing
• Handling user authentication
• Working with cookies and sessions